[30] The opposite coast of Nippon can be seen plainly from Hakodate.
[31] The Japanese always begin their meals with sweets.
[32] Shimushir, High Island.
[33] Urup, name given to a kind of salmon.
[34] Krafto, Ainu word for Sakhalin.
[35] Poro, large; nai, stream.
[36] Sometimes also pronounced Krafto.
[37] The only attempt at animal representation is the small bear-head in chiefs' crowns.
[38] Nipesh: a kind of hemp.
[39] Kotan, village, place, site; kara, to make, build; kamui, the man, ancient, strength.