SOL′ANINE. Syn. Solani, Solanina, L. A peculiar basic substance, obtained from the leaves and stem of Solanum Dulcamara or bitter-sweet, and other species of the Solanaceæ.
SOL′DERING. The union of metallic surfaces by means of a more fusible metal fluxed between them. The method of autogenous soldering, invented by M. De. Richmont, is an exception to this definition. In all the cases surfaces must be perfectly clean, and in absolute contact, and the air must be excluded, to prevent oxidation. For this last purpose the brazier and silversmith use powdered borax made into a paste with water; the coppersmith, powdered sal ammoniac; and the tinman, powdered resin. Tin-foil applied between the joints of fine brass work, first wetted with a strong solution of sal ammoniac, makes an excellent juncture, care being taken to avoid too much heat. See Solution (Soldering), and below.
SOL′DERS. Prep. 1. (For copper, iron, and dark brass.) From copper and zinc, equal parts; melted together. For pale brass more zinc must be used.
2. (Fine solder.) From tin, 2 parts; lead, 1 part. Melts at 350° Fahr. Used to tin and solder copper, tin plates, &c.
3. (For German silver.) From German silver, 5 parts; zinc, 4 parts; melted together, run into thin flakes, and then powdered. Also as No. 7.
4. (Glazier’s.) From lead, 3 parts; tin, 1 part. Melts at 500° Fahr.
5. (For gold.) Gold, 12 pennyweights; copper, 4 do.; silver, 2 do.
6. (For lead and zinc.) From lead, 2 parts; tin, 1 part.
7. (For pewter, Britannia metal, &c.) From
tin, 10 parts; lead, 5 parts; bismuth, 1 to 3 parts.