TURNER’S YELLOW. See Yellow pigments.
TURNIP. The Brassica napus. This vegetable possesses but little nutritive value, as will be inferred from the annexed description of its composition given by Letheby:
| Nitrogenous matter | 1·2 |
| Starch | 5·1 |
| Sugar | 2·1 |
| Salt | 0·6 |
| Water | 91·0 |
| ——— | |
| 100·0 |
Turnips should always be thoroughly cooked, otherwise they are very liable to produce indigestion.
TURN′SOLE. See Litmus.
TUR′PENTINE. Syn. Turpentin; Terebinthina. (Ph. L., E., D.), L. “An oleo-resin flowing from the trunk, the bark being removed, of Pinus palustris (pitch or swamp pine) and Pinus Tœda (loblolly or old field pine).” (Ph. L.) “From Pinus sylvestris (the Scotch fir).” (Ph. D.) “From various species of Pinus and Abies.” (Ph. E.) It is viscid, of the consistence of honey, and transparent; by distillation it is resolved into oil of turpentine, which passes over into the receiver; and into resin, which remains in the still.
Turpentine, Bordeaux. Syn. French turpentine. From the Pinus maritima, or cluster pine. Solidifies with magnesia. (Lindley.)
Turpentine, Chian. Syn. Chio turpentine, Cyprus t., Scio t.; Terebinthina Chia (Ph. L. & E.), L. “An oleo-resin flowing from the incised trunk of Pistachia terebinthus” (Linn.). (Ph. L.) It is pale, aromatic, fragrant, and has a warm taste, devoid of acrimony or bitterness. It is much adulterated. A factitious article (terebinthina Chia factitia), made as follows, is also very generally sold for it:—Black resin, 7 lbs.; melt, remove the heat, and stir in of balsam of Canada, 7 lbs.; oils of fennel and juniper, of each 1 fl. dr.
Turpentine, Venice. Syn. Terebinthina veneta (Ph. E.), L. Liquid resinous exudation from the Abies Larix, or larch tree. It is sweeter and less resinous-tasted than common turpentine, but is now scarcely ever met with in trade. That of the shops is wholly a factitious article, made as follows:—Black resin, 48 lbs.; melt, remove the heat, and add of oil of turpentine, 2 galls.
TUR′PETH MINERAL. Basic sulphate of mercury.