—
Table exhibiting a few of the most useful Frigorific Mixtures. Drawn up from actual experiments performed by Mr Walker.
| Ingredients. | Thermometer sinks. | Deg. of cold produced. | ||
| Snow or pounded ice | 2 | parts | From any temperature to -5° | — |
| Chloride of sodium | 1 | ” | ||
| Snow or pounded ice | 5 | ” | From any temperature to -12° | — |
| Chloride of sodium | 2 | ” | ||
| Sal ammoniac | 1 | ” | ||
| Snow or pounded ice | 12 | ” | From any temperature to -25° | — |
| Chloride of sodium | 5 | ” | ||
| Nitrate of ammonia | 5 | ” | ||
| Snow | 8 | ” | From +32° to -27° | 59° |
| Hydrochloric acid (concentrated) | 5 | ” | ||
| Snow | 2 | ” | From +32° to -50° | 82° |
| Crystallised chloride of calcium | 3 | ” | ||
| Sal ammoniac | 5 | ” | From +50° to +10° | 40° |
| Nitrate of potassa | 5 | ” | ||
| Water | 16 | ” | ||
| Nitrate of ammonia | 1 | ” | From +50° to +4° | 46° |
| Water | 1 | ” | ||
| Nitrate of ammonia | 1 | ” | From +50° to +7° | 57° |
| Carbonate of soda | 1 | ” | ||
| Water | 1 | ” | ||
| Phosphate of soda | 9 | ” | From +50° to -21° | 71° |
| Nitrate of ammonia | 6 | ” | ||
| Diluted nitrousacid[135] | 4 | ” | ||
| Sulphate of soda | 8 | ” | From +50° to 0° | 50° |
| Hydrochloric acid | 5 | ” | ||
| Snow | 3 | ” | From 0° to -46° | 46° |
| Diluted nitrous acid[135] | 2 | ” | ||
| Snow | 2 | ” | From -20° to -60° | 40° |
| Sulphuricacid[136] | 1 | ” | ||
| Water | 1 | ” | ||
| Snow | 1 | ” | From 0° to -66° | 66° |
| Crystallised chloride of calcium | 2 | ” | ||
| Snow | 1 | ” | From -40° to -73° | 33° |
| Crystallised chloride of calcium | 3 | ” | ||
| Snow | 8 | ” | From -68° to -91° | 23° |
| Sulphuric acid | 5 | ” | ||
| Water | 5 | ” | ||
[135] Fuming “nitrous acid,” 2 parts; water, 1 part; by weight.
[136] Prof. Pfaundler has shown that an acid containing 66·19 per cent. of H2SO4, is the most advantageous to employ for this purpose; one part of an acid of this strength with 1·097 parts of snow forming a refrigerating mixture which will reduce the temperature to -37° C. (-36° F.). For practical purposes it is suggested an excess of snow would be better, since the refrigerating value of the mixture is thereby largely increased, though the lowest temperature is not obtained. See Ice.
Obs. The materials in the first column are to be cooled, previously to mixing, to the temperature required in the second, by the use of other mixtures.
REG′ULUS. A term applied by the alchemists to various metallic matters obtained by fusion; as REGULUS OF ANTIMONY, ARSENIC, &c. It is now obsolete.
REL′ISHES. See Sauces.
REMEDIES, FERRUGINOUS. Rob. Freygang:—
Steel brandy is an ordinary clear brownish brandy, containing a very little bitter matter, like the stomachic bitters of the apothecaries, and mixed with about 1 per cent. of sugar. 10,000 parts contain about 11⁄2 part oxide of iron.