The system of grading the silk which is in vogue in Europe, and which is employed by a number of mills on this side, is as follows:

1skein of500meters,weighing0,05grams= 1denierinternational
or 1"476""0,053" = 1"Turinsystem
or 1"476""0,051"= 1"Milan"

The warp calculation, taking the international denier, would run:

ends in warp × length × denier × 0,05 gram
divided by:500 meters
for the filling:Picks per meter × xply × width × denier × 0,05 gram
divided by:500 meters

Result in metric weight, kilograms and grams.

10. FINISHING

Give directions as to the process of finishing to which the goods are to be subjected, whether to be pressed, calendered, sized, moiréd, etc.

11. CALCULATION OF COST

If all the foregoing conditions are ascertained, and a sample or a piece of the fabric executed, it remains to the manufacturer to determine the exact figure at which he can produce the article. That this must be done with great accuracy is naturally of the utmost importance, and the calculator