[313] Cf. Cæsar (Bell. Gall., vii. 24)—reliquasque res, quibus ignis excitari potest, fundebant. Krüger has unnecessarily altered ἐπὶ ταύτῃ into ἐπ’ αὐτήν (i.e. πρῷραν).
[314] Curtius (iv. 12) says that the stern was loaded with stones and sand.
[315] Diodorus (xvii. 42) and Curtius (iv. 12) say that a great tempest helped to demolish the palisade.
[316] We learn from Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews, ix. 14), on the authority of Menander, that when Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, four centuries before Alexander’s time, besieged Tyre, the other Phoenicians supplied him with ships in like manner.
[317] This was a state vessel, or guardship, similar to the Paralus and Salaminia at Athens. See Alciphron, Bk. I. Epistle 11, with Bergler’s note.
[318] See Arrian, ii. 2 supra.
[319] Curtius (iv. 11) says that about thirty of the Macedonians collecting timber in Lebanon were killed by a party of wild Arabs, and that a few were also captured by them. Lebanon is a Hebrew word meaning white, like Alpes. It was so called on account of its white cliffs, just as Britain is called by Aristotle, Albion, the Celtic for white.
[320] Plutarch (Life of Alexander, 24) gives us, on the authority of Chares, some details of daring valour on the part of Alexander in this expedition.
[321] Cleander was put to death by Alexander for oppression in exercising his duties as governor of Media. See Arrian, vi. 27 infra.
[322] In regard to this manœuvre, see Herodotus, vi. 12; Thucydides, i. 49, with Arnold’s note.