[190] Baltazar Gracian, "El Criticon," iii. 90, to whom I leave the responsibility for the anachronism.
[191] Kant, "Krit. d. r. V." 5th edition, p. 755. (English translation by M. Müller, p. 640.)
[192] Schiller, "der langen Rede kurzer Sinn." [Tr.]
[193] Chapter 20, p. 263; p. 295 of the 3rd edition.
[194] Rosas, "Handbuch der Augenheilkunde" (1830).
[195] Göthe, "Tag und Jahreshefte," 1812.
[196] This I wrote in 1836. The "Edinburgh Review" has since however greatly deteriorated, and is no longer its old self. I have even seen clerical time-serving in its pages, written down to the level of the mob.
[197] As a being existing by itself, a thing in itself. [Add. to 3rd ed.]
[198] In which it is lodged in the garret. [Add. to 3rd ed.]
[199] By this Schopenhauer means the distinction between the will in its widest sense, regarded as the fundamental essence of all that happens,—even where there is no choice, even where it is unconscious,—and conscious will, implying deliberation and choice, commonly called free-will. We must however carefully guard against confounding this relative free-will, with absolute free-will (liberum arbitrium indifferentiæ), which Schopenhauer declares to be inadmissible. The sense in which I have used the expression 'free-will' throughout this treatise, is that of relative freedom, i.e. power to choose between different motives, free of all outward restraint (Willkühr). (Tr.)