The degree of perfection to which the process of dipping has been carried in America is indicated by the fact that it is largely employed for piano cases and many other articles requiring a perfect varnish finish. This process is fully described in these pages and has been successfully carried on for some years. This fact demonstrates very clearly the possibilities of painting and varnishing by immersion.
All the principal appliances used for spraying paint, lacquer, enamel, varnish and similar liquids have been described at length, but no attempt has been made to prove that any one appliance is superior to another. The details of each apparatus are given, and for the convenience of the reader, the manufacturer's name and address. It is suggested that those who contemplate the adoption of paint dipping, or spraying, should get into touch with all these firms, and carefully investigate their respective merits before coming to a decision.
The services of an expert will usually be found desirable, for, although in engineering works much of the necessary apparatus and accessories may be made on the premises, the exact details, such as the kind of paint and the exact design suitable for the particular purpose, are largely matters to be decided upon in the light of experience.
ARTHUR S. JENNINGS.
365, Birkbeck Bank Chambers,
High Holborn, W.C.
August, 1915.
CONTENTS.
| [CHAPTER I.] | Page |
| Introduction. | |
Increase in the Use of Painting by Dipping and Spraying—TheRemarkable Saving of Time Effected—The Durability Equalto Brush Painting—Scope of the Subject—WhitewashingMachines—Cost of Spraying Plant—Dipping Plant may bevery Simple—List of the Principal Products to which PaintSpraying is Applied | 1 |
| [CHAPTER II.] | |
| Painting by Immersion. | |
An old Idea largely Developed in Recent Years—Simple Forms ofPaint Dipping—Painting Varnish Cans—Larger Plants—TheTank—The Agitators—McLennan Patent—Paint ProofGear Box—Three Tank Plant for Different Colours—TheRails and Hanging Apparatus—Hanging Articles after theyare Painted—Hoists—Simple Crabs and Lifting Gear—PneumaticHoist—Electrical Hoist—Trolley Hoist—TheNumber of Coats of Paint—Advantages of the DippingProcess—Protecting Parts not to be Painted—PreparingWoodwork before Painting—Filler for Iron—Stopping Holes inWoodwork—Rubbing Down | 7 |
| [CHAPTER III.] | |
| Requirements of Different Trades. | |
Bedsteads—Collapsible Gates—Dipping Sewing Machine Parts—IronRods—Iron Window Frames or Casements—MetalFurniture—Motor Parts (Metal)—Automatic Finishing ofPianos—The Standard Hydraulic Immersion System—Wheels—SomeTypical Plants—Carriage Department, WoolwichArsenal—James Gibbons—Harrison, McGregor & Co.—Phillips& Son—The Ford Motor Company—Marshall, Sons &Co., Ltd.—Hayward Bros. & Eckstein, Ltd.—The CrittallManufacturing Co.—Excluding Dust—Heating and Ventilationof Drying Room—A Model Drying Room | 33 |
| [CHAPTER IV.] | |
| Paint for Dipping. | |
The Requirements of a Good Dipping Paint—Specific Gravity ofPigments—White Dipping Paint—Gloss Paint—W. G. Scotton Dipping Paints—Proportion of Paste and Thinners—Asbestine—ChinaClay—Whiting—Zinc Oxide—InertMaterials—Primers for Metal—Primers for Hard and SoftWoods—Second Coat Dipping Paints—White Paste Primer—WhiteDip for Metals—White Dip for Hard Wood—WhiteDip for Soft Wood—White Spirit—Quantity of PaintRequired for Dipping and Spraying—Spreading Capacityof Paints | 70 |
| [CHAPTER V.] | |
| Painting by Compressed Air. | |
The Evolution of the Apparatus Employed—Early Attempts—TheConcentric Form of Spray—Its Advantages—The Flow ofPaint—Practice Necessary—Cost of Plant—Pressure andVolume of Air Required | 78 |
| [CHAPTER VI.] | |
| Types of Spraying Apparatus. | |
The Aerograph—Electric Motor Outfit—Painting a Gasometer—SmallAerograph—The Aeron—Uniformity of Coats—CupAeron—Air Transformer—The Airostyle—Construction—"Ultra"type—Pistol "M"—The Eureka Spraying Machine—TheCrane Eureka—The Crane "Record"—The "Invincible"—Type"E"—Artists' Type—The MidlandSprayer—The "Paasche" Sprayer—Larger Size—Oil andWater Separator—Automatic Electric Controller | 81 |
| [CHAPTER VII.] | |
| Supply of Compressed Air—Paint Supply—Exhaust. | |
Type of Compressor—Air Main—Air Valves—Purifying Air—SmallCompressors—Water Cooling—Air Pump and TankCombined—General Arrangement of Accessories—The Supplyof Paint—The Exhaust Installation—Central Draught Fan—Locationof Work Cabinets—The Fumexer Spraying Cabinet—Accessories—Turn-tables, Auto—Electric Air Heater | 113 |
| [CHAPTER VIII.] | |
| Stencils and Masks—The Requirements of DifferentTrades in Spraying. | |
Protecting parts not to be Sprayed—Masks for Gas Meters—TheHart Patent Mask—Making Stencils—Stencil Paper—Four-ounceStencil Metal—Zinc Stencils—Requirements of SpecialTrades—Piece Work—Bookbinding—Carriages—Cycle Parts—ElectricalWork—Fancy Baskets—Gas Meters—Gas Stovesand Ranges—Picture Frames, Picture Mouldings, etc.—CelluloidVarnish—Spraying Ships' Hulls—Slate Enamelling—SprayingColour Specimens—Tramcars | 141 |
| [CHAPTER IX.] | |
| Some Typical Plants. | |
Plant for Twelve Operators—The Birmingham Small Arms Co.—AirostylePlant for Sixteen Operators—The Davis Gas StoveCo., Ltd.—Fletcher, Russell & Co., Ltd.—Special Machines—Gittings,Hills and Boothby, Ltd.—The Kingsbury ManufacturingCo., Ltd.—J. Lucas, Ltd.—The Gas Light and CokeCo., Ltd.—The Gas Meter Co., Ltd | 158 |
| [CHAPTER X.] | |
| Paints, Lacquers, Varnishes, etc., used in Spraying. | |
Temperature of Spraying Room—Fine Paint must be used—Firmswho Specialize on Dipping and Spraying Paints, etc.—StovingEnamels—Enamels—Hints on Stoving or Baking—BlackJapan Finishes—Steel Furniture Enamels—Imitation WoodEffects—White Work—Bedsteads, etc.—Transparent ColourVarnishes—Safe Baking Heats of Pigment Colours—Dippingand Spraying Compared | 177 |
| [CHAPTER XI.] | |
| Spraying versus Brushing. | |
Comparison with Brush Painting—Bronzing with CelluloidMedium—Objections Sometimes Urged Against Spraying—-MottledAppearance of Paint and how Avoided—SprayingFillers and Primers—Spraying and Dipping Compared—TheGreat Saving Effected | 193 |
| [CHAPTER XII.] | |
| The Artistic Application of Paint Spraying. | |
Artistic Work—Lining on Motors and Carriages—Relief Work—Scumblingand Colour Glazing—Glazing—Designs for LampShades—Reds—Blues—Yellows—Greens—Browns—Greys—Scumblingand Graining—Brush Graining—Marble Grounds—GrainingGrounds | 201 |
| [CHAPTER XIII.] | |
| The "Flowing-on" System. | |
The Latest Method of Finishing Automobiles—Remarkable Speedof the Method—The Apparatus—Trough Tank used in theProcess—The Kind of Paint or Japan Used—The Floco Process—PaintingMotor Bodies—Description of Modern EnamellingOvens for Motor Bodies—Notes on the Construction of Stoves—ThePerkins' Stove—Typical Goodyear Stove—DippingTrough | 216 |
| [CHAPTER XIV.] | |
| Lime and Whitewash Sprayers. | |
Periodical Whitewashing in Workshops Compulsory—The WellsSprayer—Limewhiting by Machine with 8-foot Bamboo Pole—TheBrown Sprayer—The Merryweather Sprayer—TheTumbling Barrel Process | 243 |
| [CHAPTER XV.] | |
| A Portable Paint Sprayer for Railway and Other Work. | |
The Pennsylvania Railroad System—fainting Freight Cars—Descriptionof Apparatus—Plan and Elevation—DetailDrawings | 250 |
| [CHAPTER XVI.] | |
| Metal Spraying. | |
Description of the Process—The Immense Field for it—TheMetal Spraying "Pistol"—Detail Drawings of Pistol—SectionalDrawing—Diagrammatic Representation of Meltingand Spraying Jets in Action—Spraying Alloys—Cost of theProcess | 255 |