LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
| PAGE | |||
| FRONTISPIECE | Automatic Finishing of Pianos | ||
| Fig. | 1. | Section through Paint Tank | [8] |
| " | 2. | Stirrers and Blinds for Paint Dipping Tank | [10] |
| " | 3. | Longitudinal Vertical Section | [10] |
| " | 4. | Tank for Painting Steel Sheets | [12] |
| " | 5. | Paint-Proof Bearings and Gear Box | [13] |
| " | 6. | Shafting and Driving Gear Designed for Implements | [14] |
| " | 7. | Triple-tank plant | [15] |
| " | 8. | Joist and Wheels supporting Hanger | [16] |
| " | 9. | Hook for Hanging | [17] |
| " | 10 to 14. | Hoists and Crabs | [18] |
| " | 15. | Typical Hoist for Painting by Immersion | [19] |
| " | 16. | Morris Standard Electric Trolley Hoist | [23] |
| " | 17. | Electric Hoist Suitable for Heavy Goods | [27] |
| " | 18. | Sprayed Show Card | [30] |
| " | 19. | Dipping and Stoving Bedsteads | [31] |
| " | 20. | Immersing Mangle Frames | [35] |
| " | 21. | Iron Hanger | [38] |
| " | 22. | Carrier filled with Six Complete Pianos | [39] |
| " | 23. | Introductory Carrier for Piano Frame | [43] |
| " | 24. | Lowering Piano Cases into the Varnish Tank | [47] |
| " | 25. | Piano Cases nearly Immersed | [49] |
| " | 26. | Piano Cases wholly Immersed | [51] |
| " | 27. | Piano Cases about to be Dipped | [53] |
| " | 28. | Coach Body ready to be Dipped | [55] |
| " | 29. | Paint Dipping Room at Woolwich | [55] |
| " | 30. | Store Room, Woolwich | [61] |
| " | 31. | Dipping Casements at the Crittall Manufacturing Co. | [61] |
| " | 32. | Hook for Suspending Boxes | [64] |
| " | 33. | Dipping Casements at Braintree | [65] |
| " | 34. | Design for Show Card done by Spraying | [69] |
| " | 35. | The Aerograph Spraying Instrument | [81] |
| " | 36. | Another form of Aerograph | [82] |
| " | 37. | Aerograph Electric Motor Outfit | [83] |
| " | 38. | Painting a Gasometer | [83] |
| " | 39. | Aerograph for Delicate Work | [85] |
| " | 40. | The Aeron Sprayer | [89] |
| " | 41. | " " (angle barrel) | [89] |
| " | 42. | " " with agitator | [89] |
| " | 43. | " " with double nozzle head | [89] |
| " | 44. | The G Aeron Sprayer, with double nozzle head | [89] |
| " | 45. | The G Aeron Sprayer, with attachments | [91] |
| " | 46. | The G Aeron Sprayer, with parts disassembled | [91] |
| " | 47. | The G Aeron Sprayer | [91] |
| " | 48. | The M Aeron Sprayer | [95] |
| " | 49. | The M Aeron Sprayer, with Types L & M | [95] |
| " | 50. | Block and Tackle | [95] |
| " | 51. | Standard Tackle | [95] |
| " | 52. | Air Transformer Set | [95] |
| " | 53. | Air Transformer | [95] |
| " | 54. | Section showing Construction of Airostyle | [98] |
| " | 55. | Airostyle Type "Record" with union for continuous supply | [99] |
| " | 56. | Airostyle Type "Ultra" | [101] |
| " | 57. | " Pistol "M" | [102] |
| " | 58. | The Crane "Eureka" | [103] |
| " | 59. | " " "Record" | [104] |
| " | 60. | The "Invincible" Sprayer | [105] |
| " | 61. | " " with adjustable cup | [105] |
| " | 65. | The Midland Sprayer | [108] |
| " | 66. | The "Paasche" Sprayer | [109] |
| " | 67. | Larger "Paasche" Sprayer | [110] |
| " | 68. | General form of "Paasche" Sprayer | [111] |
| " | 69. | "Paasche" Oil and Water Separator | [111] |
| " | 70. | "Paasche" Automatic Electric Controller | [111] |
| " | 71. | Airostyle Air Compressor | [115] |
| " | 72. | DeVilbiss Air Compressors | [115] |
| " | 73. | " " " | [115] |
| " | 74. | " " " | [115] |
| " | 75. | Aerograph Air Pumps and Tank Combined | [118] |
| " | 76. | Aerograph Type of Air Pumps for Larger Installations | [119] |
| " | 77. | Airostyle Plant General Arrangement | [121] |
| " | 78. | "Paasche" Motor Dryer Fan | [124] |
| " | 79. | Airostyle Central Draught Steel Plate Fan | [125] |
| " | 80. | DeVilbiss Auto Cool Electric Exhaust Fan closed andopened for cleaning | [125] |
| " | 81. | Sketch of Spraying Cabinets | [127] |
| " | 82. | Aerograph Spraying Cabinets | [128] |
| " | 83. | "DeVilbiss Fumexer" or Spraying Cabinet | [131] |
| " | 84. | " " " " | [131] |
| " | 85. | " " " " | [131] |
| " | 86. | " " " " | [131] |
| " | 87. | Aerograph Turntable | [134] |
| " | 88. | Two forms of Fumexer | [135] |
| " | 89. | The Fumexer in use | [135] |
| " | 90. | A Paasche Turntable | [135] |
| " | 91. | Auto Electric Air Heater | [139] |
| " | 92. | Masks for Gas Meter | [142] |
| " | 93. | The Hart Patent Mask | [143] |
| " | 94. | Bin for Spraying Light Articles | [148] |
| " | 95. | Aerostyle Plant for sixteen operators | [155] |
| " | 96. | Airostyle Plant showing Ventilator | [155] |
| " | 97. | Side Elevation of Plant for 12 operators | [158] |
| " | 98. | End Elevation of Plant for 12 operators | [159] |
| " | 99. | Plan of Figs. 84 and 85 | [160] |
| " | 100. | Airostyle Plant installed for The Davis Gas Stove Co., Ltd. | [161] |
| " | 101. | Compressor, etc., for Airostyle Plant | [165] |
| " | 102. | Airostyle Plant installed for Gas Fire and Radiator Work | [165] |
| " | 103. | View from one end of Messrs. Lucas, Ltd., Airostyle Plants | [169] |
| " | 104 & 105. | Airostyle Plant at Messrs J. Lucas, Ltd. | [173] |
| " | 106. | " " View of Racks and Fan | [175] |
| " | 107. | " " Two Bays of one Unit | [181] |
| " | 108. | Airostyle Plant installed for The Gas Light and Coke Co., Ltd. | [181] |
| " | 109. | Airostyle Plant installed for The Gas Light and Coke Co., Ltd. | [185] |
| " | 110. | Operator at Work | [193] |
| " | 111. | Airostyle Plant showing Ventilator | [199] |
| " | 112. | Elevation of Spraying Plant | [199] |
| " | 113. | Elevation of Spraying Plant | [200] |
| " | 114. | Plans of Figs. 112 and 113 | [200] |
| " | 115. | Designs for Lamp Shades | [203] |
| " | 116. | Show Card done by Spraying | [209] |
| " | 117. | Another Example | [209] |
| " | 118. | Shaded Effects | [213] |
| " | 119. | Fruit Dish decorated by Spraying | [217] |
| " | 120. | Table Cover | [219] |
| " | 121. | Trough Tank | [222] |
| " | 122. | Floco System of Painting Motor Bodies | [224] |
| " | 123 & 124. | Show Card done by Spraying | [225] & [229] |
| " | 125. | Design for Show Card | [233] |
| " | 126. | The Perkins' Stove | [236] |
| " | 127. | Typical Goodyear Stove | [237] |
| " | 128. | Dipping Trough | [238] |
| " | 129. | Show or Menu Card | [239] |
| " | 130. | Example of Metal Decoration | [241] |
| " | 131 & 132. | Whitewash Sprayer | [244] |
| " | 133 & 134. | Limewashing with Bamboo Pole | [245] |
| " | 135. | The Brown Extension Sprayer | [246] |
| " | 136. | The Merryweather Limewhite Sprayer | [247] |
| " | 137. | A Tumbling Barrel | [248] |
| " | 138. | Another Form | [248] |
| " | 139. | Paint Sprayer for Freight Cars | [252] |
| " | 140. | Elevation of above | [253] |
| " | 141. | Details of above | [254] |
| " | 142. | The Metal Spraying "Pistol" | [256] |
| " | 143. | The Metal Sprayer | [257] |
| " | 144. | Sectional Drawing of Metal Sprayer | [258] |
| " | 145. | Diagrammatric Representation of Melting and Spraying Jets in Action | [259] |
| " | 146. | Sprayed Decorative Work | [261] |
| " | 147. | Shaded Work by the Aerograph | [263] |
| " | 148. | Show Card, Sprayed | [265] |
| " | 149. | Sprayed Frieze | [267] |
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION.
Until recent years, it appears to have been generally supposed that paint used for either the protection or ornamentation of various surfaces must necessarily be applied by means of painters' brushes made of hog's bristles. But it has been clearly demonstrated during the past few years that the application of the paint may be made by means of either total immersion of the article to be painted in a tank or by spraying the paint on to the surface with the aid of compressed air. The rapid increase in the use of both processes is principally due to the immense saving of time which is effected, and this may be approximately estimated at from five to nine-tenths. In other words, one man can do the work of from five to ten men, or even more. To put it another way, if a piece of work costs 20s. for labour in painting by the old process, it may be safely assumed that it can be done by dipping or spraying at a cost of from two to four shillings.
The question will at once suggest itself: "Is paint applied by dipping and spraying as durable as that applied by the brush?" As the paint in the greater part of work of this character is used solely for protective purposes, the question is clearly one of considerable importance. The answer to the question is that when properly prepared paint is used, both methods give an equal, or even better result from the point of view of durability than that which would be obtained if a painter's brush was employed, while, in the case of painting by immersion or by spraying, the paint finds its way into places which a brush could not reach, such as open joints of a waggon, the intricate parts of certain agricultural machinery, the inside of small metal boxes, etc.
Both methods are successfully employed in practically every branch of the engineering, metal and many other trades. Heavy steel sheets may be dipped provided that adequate plant is employed for lowering and raising them into the tank, or they may be sprayed without much difficulty. Children's toys (to take the other extreme), costing less than a penny each, may also be economically painted by dipping. Speaking generally, anything large or small which can be handled or moved by lifting machinery or on a turn table, can be painted by either one process or the other. For example, a hundred or so of very small iron castings, or wrought iron ware, may be placed in a wire basket and dipped together in a few seconds, or the body of a motor car, or parts of a bicycle, can be painted by spraying in a fraction of the time it would take to do the work by means of brushes.
Thus far the processes are not much used in house painting, excepting for the first or priming coat, before the work is fixed in position, but certain types of the simpler form of spraying machines are employed with great advantage in applying lime white or whitewash to rough walls of factories, etc. In this case, a far better job is produced in one-tenth of the time. The whitewash, when sprayed on, enters and covers the open joints and inequalities of surface in a complete manner, which would be impossible were a brush used.
On the next page is a list of some of the principal purposes for which these methods are at present used, and these are being constantly added to. It is not too much to say that in any industry in which paints are used, one or other of the methods, or both in conjunction, may be employed with very great advantage in a saving of time.