[52] The formula of abjuration from the heresy defined by John XXII’s bulls was: ‘I swear that I believe in my heart and profess that our Lord Jesus Christ and His Apostles while in the mortal life held in common the things which Scripture declares them to have had, and that they had the right of giving, selling and alienating them,’—Eymeric, Directorium, p. 486.
[53] For Guglielma see Lea, vol. iii, pp. 90-100.
[54] See Bernard Gui, Practica, pp. 340 et seq.; also Salimbene, op. cit., pp. 112 et seq.; Directorium, pp. 286-8.
[55] For Dolcino see ibid. and Practica, pp. 340-55.
[56] Inferno, Canto xxviii.
[57] Practica, p. 340.
[58] Inquisitors found difficulty in proceeding against Dolcinists, ibid., p. 343. ‘Est autem valde difficile ipsos examinare et veritatem contra eos invenire pro eo maxime quod, quantuscumque juraverint in juditio se veritatem dicturos, nolunt tamen manifeste suam detegere falsitatem, nec suos errores publice confiteri, nec directe respondere ad interrogata, set palliate et per astucias et tergiversationes multas deviant et mendaciis se juvant, et se ipsos contegunt, et ideo multum est ars necessaria contra ipsos et industria inquirentis.’
[59] See Lea, vol. ii, pp. 351-2, 355.
[60] Lea, vol. ii, p. 320. E. Renan, Averroës et l’Averroïsme (Paris, 1861, 2nd ed.), p. 222.
[61] See Lea, vol. i, p. 360; vol. ii, p. 359. For views ascribed to Beghards see Döllinger, Beiträge, vol. ii, pp. 378-401 (passim). ‘ ... se esse vel aliquos ex istis perfectos et sic unitos Deo, quod sint realiter et veraciter ipse Deus, quia dicunt se esse illud idem et unum esse quod est ipse Deus absque distinctione.’ See also Directorium, pt. ii, question xv, pp. 299-308.