Receptacle mostly elevated (varying from convex to columnar), and

Chaffy only at the summit; the chaff deciduous. Pappus none 66

Chaffy throughout. Achene flattened laterally if at all 48, 49, 50, 52, 54

Receptacle flat or flattish. Achene flattened, parallel with the scales or chaff 55, 56

Receptacle flat. Achene terete, 2-awned 57

Rays pistillate and fertile; the disk-flowers also perfect and fertile.

Achene much flattened laterally, 1–2-awned 53

Achene flattened parallel with the scales and chaff. Pappus none 67

Achene 3–4-angular, terete or laterally flattish, awnless.

Receptacle convex or conical. Leaves alternate, dissected 66