1. S. macrophýlla, Nutt. (Mullein-foxglove.) Rather pubescent (4–5° high); leaves large, the lower pinnately divided, with the broadly lanceolate divisions pinnatifid and incised, the upper lanceolate; tube of the corolla incurved, very woolly inside, as are the filaments except at the apex; style short, dilated and notched at the point; capsule ovate, pointed.—Shady river-banks, Ohio to Iowa, south to Tex. July.
19. GERÁRDIA, L.
Calyx bell-shaped, 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate-funnel-form, or somewhat tubular, swelling above, with 5 more or less unequal spreading lobes, the 2 upper usually rather smaller and more united. Stamens 4, strongly didynamous, included, hairy; anthers approaching by pairs, 2-celled, the cells parallel, often pointed at base. Style elongated, mostly enlarged and flattened at the apex. Capsule globular or ovate, pointed, many-seeded.—Erect branching herbs (more or less root-parasitic); stem-leaves opposite, or the upper alternate, the uppermost reduced to bracts and subtending 1 flowered peduncles, which often form a raceme or spike. Flowers showy, purple or yellow; in late summer and autumn. (Dedicated to the celebrated herbalist, John Gerarde.)
§ 1. DASÝSTOMA. Corolla yellow, the tube woolly inside, as well as the anthers and filaments; anthers alike, awn-pointed at base; leaves rather large, more or less incised or pinnatifid.
[*] Pubescence partly glandular and viscid; corolla pubescent outside.
1. G. pediculària, L. Annual or biennial, smoothish or pubescent, much branched (2–3° high), very leafy; leaves ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid, and the lobes cut and toothed; pedicels longer than the hairy mostly serrate calyx-lobes.—Dry copses; N. Eng. to Minn., south to Fla. and Ark.
[*][*] No glandular pubescence; corolla glabrous outside; perennial.
2. G. grandiflòra, Benth. Minutely downy; stem much branched (2–4° high); leaves ovate-lanceolate, coarsely toothed or cut, the lower pinnatifid; pedicels rather shorter than the calyx; corolla (2´ long) 4 times the length of the broadly lanceolate entire or toothed calyx-lobes.—Oak openings, Wisc. and Minn. to Tenn. and Tex.
3. G. flàva, L. (Downy False Foxglove.) Pubescent with a fine close down; stem (3–4° high) mostly simple; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, entire, or the lower usually sinuate-toothed or pinnatifid; pedicels very short; calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse, rather shorter than the tube, corolla 1½´ long.—Open woods, N. Eng. to Wisc. and Iowa, south to Ga. and Ark.
4. G. quercifòlia, Pursh. (Smooth False Foxglove.) Smooth and glaucous (3–6° high), usually branching; lower leaves commonly twice-pinnatifid; the upper oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid or entire; pedicels nearly as long as the calyx; calyx-lobes lance-linear, acute, as long as the at length inflated tube; corolla 2´ long.—Dry woods, N. Eng. to Minn., south to Fla. and Ill.