5. G. lævigàta, Raf. Smooth, not glaucous; stem (1–2° high) mostly simple; leaves lanceolate, acute, entire, or the lowest obscurely toothed; pedicels shorter than the calyx-tube; corolla 1´ long. (G. integrifolia, Gray.)—Oak-barrens, etc., Penn. to Mich, and Ill., south in the mountains to Ga.
§ 2. OTOPHÝLLA. Corolla purple (rarely white), naked within, as well as the very unequal filaments; anthers dissimilar, pointless, glabrous or sparingly hairy.
6. G. auriculàta, Michx. Rough-hairy; stem erect, nearly simple (9–20´ high); leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, sessile, the lower entire, the others with an oblong-lanceolate lobe on each side at the base; flowers nearly sessile in the axils (1´ long).—Low grounds and prairies, W. Penn. to Minn., south to N. C. and Mo.
7. G. densiflòra, Benth. More hispid and rough, very leafy; leaves rigid, pinnately parted into 3–7 narrowly linear acute divisions, those subtending the densely spicate flowers similar and crowded; corolla over 1´ long.—Prairies, E. Kan. to Tex.
§ 3. GERARDIA proper. Corolla purple or rose-color (rarely white); calyx-teeth short; anthers alike, nearly pointless, pubescent; cauline leaves linear or narrower, entire.
[*] Perennnial; leaves erect, very narrow; pedicels erect, as long as floral leaves.
8. G. linifòlia, Nutt. Glabrous, 2–3° high, sparingly or paniculately branched; leaves flat, thickish, 1´´ wide; calyx-teeth minute; corolla 1´ long, minutely pubescent outside, villous within and lobes ciliate; anthers and filaments very villous.—Low pine barrens, Del. to Fla.
[*][*] Annuals; herbage blackish in drying (except n. 13).
[+] Pedicels little if at all longer than the calyx and capsule.
9. G. áspera, Dougl. Sparingly branched (1–2° high); leaves long and linear, rough; pedicels (most of them alternate) equalling or moderately exceeding the calyx, which has triangular-lanceolate acute lobes about half as long as the tube; corolla over 1´ long.—Plains and prairies, Mich, and W. Ind. to Dak. and W. Ark.