10. G. purpùrea, L. (Purple Gerardia.) Stem (1–2° high) with long and rigid widely spreading branches; leaves linear, acute, rough-margined; flowers large (1´ long), bright purple, often downy; pedicels shorter than the calyx, mainly opposite; calyx-teeth sharp-pointed, from very short to about half as long as the tube.—Low grounds, mainly near the coast and in the region of the Great Lakes. Very variable.—Var. paupércula, Gray. Smoother, more simple; corolla usually only ½´ long, lighter rose-purple.—N. Eng. to Penn., N. Ill., Minn., and northward.
11. G. marítima, Raf. (Sea-side G.) Low (4–12´ high), with shorter branches; leaves and short broad calyx-teeth rather fleshy and obtuse; pedicels about as long as the calyx; corolla ½´ long.—Salt marshes along the coast.
[+][+] Pedicels usually exceeding the corolla; woolly anthers cuspidate at base.
12. G. tenuifòlia, Vahl. (Slender G.) Leaves narrowly linear, acute, the floral ones mostly like the others; calyx-teeth very short, acute; capsule globular, not exceeding the calyx; corolla about ½´ long.—Low or dry ground, common.—Var. macrophýlla, Benth. Stouter; larger leaves 1½–2´ long and almost 2´´ wide, scabrous; pedicels ascending; calyx-teeth larger; corolla little over ½´ long. W. Iowa to W. La. and Col.—Var. aspérula, Gray. Leaves all nearly filiform and upper face hispidulous scabrous; inflorescence more paniculate; corolla small, the expanded limb only 6´´ in diameter. Dry bare hills, Mich, and N. Ind. to Minn. and Mo.
13. G. Skinneriàna, Wood. Leaves bristle-shaped, as are the branchlets, or the lower linear; capsule ovate, mostly longer than the calyx, which has short setaceous teeth; corolla 4–6´´ long. (G. setacea, Gray, Man., not of Walt.)—Sandy low ground, Mass. to Minn., south to Fla. and La.
20. CASTILLÈIA, Mutis. Painted-Cup.
Calyx tubular, flattened, cleft at the summit on the anterior, and usually on the posterior side also; the divisions entire or 2-lobed. Tube of the corolla included in the calyx; its upper lip (galea) long and narrow, arched and keeled, flattened laterally, enclosing the 4 unequal stamens; lower lip short, 3-lobed. Anther cells oblong-linear, unequal, the outer fixed by the middle, the inner pendulous. Capsule many-seeded.—Herbs (root-parasitic), with alternate entire or cut-lobed leaves; the floral ones usually dilated, colored, and more showy than the yellow or purplish spiked flowers. (Dedicated to Castillejo, a Spanish botanist.)
1. C. coccínea, Spreng. (Scarlet Painted-Cup.) Hairy biennial or annual; stem simple; root-leaves clustered, mostly entire, obovate or oblong; those of the stem incised; the floral 3–5-cleft, bright scarlet toward the summit (rarely yellow); calyx about the length of the pale yellow corolla, equally cleft both sides, the lobes quadrate-oblong, entire or retuse.—Low sandy ground, Maine to Minn., south to N. J., Tenn., and Tex.
2. C. pállida, Kunth, var. septentrionàlis, Gray. Perennial, smooth or sparingly hairy, at the summit woolly; leaves mainly entire, the lower linear, upper broader; the floral oblong or obovate, greenish-white, varying to yellowish, purple, or red; calyx equally cleft, the lobes oblong or lanceolate, 2-cleft; corolla ½–1´ long, the galea decidedly shorter than the tube, not over 2 or 3 times as long as the lip.—Alpine summits of N. Eng., N. shore of L. Superior, west and northward.
3. C. sessiliflòra, Pursh. Perennial, 6–8´ high, very leafy, cinereous-pubescent; leaves mostly 3–5-cleft, with narrow diverging sometimes cleft lobes; the floral similar or broader, not at all colored; calyx deeper cleft in front, the narrow lobes deeply 2-cleft; corolla 2´ long, the short galea but twice as long as the slender-lobed lip.—Prairies, Wisc. and Ill. to Dak. and Tex.