Calyx equally 4-cleft. Corolla with upper lip entire and sides not folded back. Otherwise much as Euphrasia.—Herbs, with opposite sessile leaves, and subsessile flowers, in the upper axils and in a terminal leafy spike.
B. Odontìtes, Huds. A span or two high from an annual root, branching, scabrous-pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, coarsely and remotely serrate; spikes elongated, loosely-flowered; corolla small, rose-red.—Coast of Maine and N. Scotia. (Nat. from Eu.)
25. RHINÁNTHUS, L. Yellow-Rattle.
Calyx membranaceous, flattened, much inflated in fruit, 4-toothed. Upper lip of corolla arched, ovate, obtuse, flattened, entire at the summit, but with a minute tooth on each side below the apex; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, under the upper lip; anthers approximate, hairy, transverse; the cells equal, pointless. Capsule orbicular, flattened. Seeds many, orbicular, winged.—Annual upright herbs, with opposite leaves; the yellow flowers crowded in a one-sided leafy-bracted spike. (Name composed of ῥίν, a snout, and ἄνθος, a flower, from the beaked upper lip in some species formerly of this genus.)
1. R. Crista-gálli, L. Leaves narrowly oblong to lanceolate, coarsely serrate, the floral bracts more incised with bristle-tipped teeth; corolla 6´´ long; seeds broadly winged (when ripe they rattle in the inflated calyx, whence the popular name.)—Coast of N. Eng. and alpine region of N. H., to L. Superior, and northward. (Eu., Asia.)
26. PEDICULÀRIS, Tourn. Lousewort.
Calyx various. Corolla strongly 2-lipped; the upper lip arched, flattened, often beaked at the apex; the lower erect at base, 2-crested above, 3-lobed; lobes commonly spreading, the lateral ones rounded and larger. Stamens 4, under the upper lip; anthers transverse; the cells equal, pointless. Capsule ovate or lanceolate, mostly oblique, several seeded.—Perennial herbs, with chiefly pinnatifid leaves, the floral bract-like, and rather large flowers in a spike. (Name from pediculus, a louse; of no obvious application.)
1. P. Canadénsis, L. (Common Lousewort. Wood Betony.)
Hairy; stems simple, clustered (5–12´ high); leaves scattered, the lowest pinnately parted, the others half-pinnatifid; spike short and dense; calyx split in front, otherwise almost entire, oblique; upper lip of the (dull greenish-yellow and purplish) corolla hooded, incurved, 2-toothed under the apex; capsule flat, somewhat sword-shaped.—Copses and banks, common. May–July.
2. P. lanceolàta, Michx. Stem upright (1–3° high), nearly simple, mostly smooth; leaves partly opposite, oblong-lanceolate, doubly cut-toothed; spike crowded; calyx 2-lobed, leafy-crested; upper lip of the (pale yellow) corolla incurved and bearing a short truncate beak at the apex, the lower erect, so as nearly to close the throat; capsule ovate, scarcely longer than the calyx.—Swamps, Conn. to Va., Ohio, and Minn.