Leaves punctate with pellucid dots. [Xanthoxylum], in [Rutaceæ], [106]

Leaves not dotted.

Calyx present, and usually colored or petal-like. [Ranunculaceæ], [34]

Calyx absent; flowers entirely naked, perfect, spiked. [Piperaceæ], [446]

[*][*] Pistil one, either simple or compound.

Ovary partly inferior, the calyx coherent to its lower half, 2-celled; styles 2; stamens many. [Hamamelideæ], [179]

Ovary wholly inferior (in perfect or pistillate flowers).

Aquatic herbs; ovary 3–4-celled, or (Hippuris) 1-celled. [Halorageæ], [180]

Mostly woody plants; style or stigma one, entire; ovary 1-celled.

Stigma running down one side of the style. [Nyssa], in [Cornaceæ], [215]