Tree; calyx none; flowers monœcious, in heads. [Platanaceæ], [466]

Herbs; calyx present and commonly petal-like. [Polygonaceæ], [436]

Stipules not sheathing the stem, or none.

Aquatic herbs, submerged or nearly so.

Leaves whorled and dissected; style single. [Ceratophyllaceæ], [488]

Leaves opposite, entire; styles 2; ovary 4-celled. [Halorageæ], [180]

Not aquatics, herbs.

Ovary 10-celled; berry 10-seeded. [Phytolaccaceæ], [436]

Ovary 3- (rarely 1–2-) celled; juice usually milky. [Euphorbiaceæ], [451]

Ovary 1-celled; juice not milky.