[++][++] Albumen none; embryo curved or folded; perianth deciduous (sepals persistent in Resedaceæ).
10. [Cruciferæ] ([p. 61]). Sepals and petals 4. Stamens mostly 6, tetradynamous (two inserted lower and shorter). Pod 2-celled by a transverse partition, 2-valved, or sometimes indehiscent or transversely jointed. Bracts and stipules none.
11. [Capparidaceæ] ([p. 74]). Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 6 or more, nearly equal. Pod 1-celled, 2-valved. Embryo coiled. Leaves often palmately divided; bracts and stipules often present.
12. [Resedaceæ] ([p. 75]). Sepals and petals 4–7, irregular. Stamens indefinite on an hypogynous disk, not covered in the bud. Pod 1-celled, 3–6-lobed, opening at the top.
[++][++][++] Embryo rather large in fleshy albumen; placentæ on the middle of the valves; calyx persistent.
13. [Cistaceæ] ([p. 76]). Flowers regular; sepals and petals 5, the two outer sepals minute. Stamens indefinite. Pod 1-celled, 3–5-valved. Ovules orthotropous. Embryo curved. Leaves entire, the lower often opposite.
14. [Violaceæ] ([p. 78]). Flowers irregular; sepals and petals 5. Stamens 5, with connivent introrse anthers. Style clavate. Pod 1-celled, 3-valved. Ovules anatropous. Embryo straight. Stipules present.
[*] 3. Ovary compound, 1-celled, with central placentæ; embryo curved around mealy albumen (except in Dianthus); leaves entire; stipules mostly none.
15. [Caryophyllaceæ] ([p. 82]). Sepals (5, rarely 4) distinct or united, persistent. Petals as many, rarely none. Stamens as many or twice as many, rarely fewer. Styles 2–5. Leaves opposite.
16. [Portulacaceæ] ([p. 90]). Sepals 2. Petals 5. Stamens 5–20. Capsule 3-valved or circumscissile. Fleshy herbs; leaves mostly alternate.