LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

[Portrait of Tolstoy when commencing Anna Karénina, 1873. By Kramskóy]Frontispiece
Facing page
[Tolstoy in 1848, after leaving the University]48
[Map of Sevastopol]113
[Prominent Russian Writers, 1856: Tourgénef, Sologoúb,Tolstoy, Nekrásof, Grigoróvitch, and Panáef]142
[Tolstoy in 1856, the year he left the Army]152
[Tolstoy in 1860, the year his brother Nicholas died]200
[Tolstoy in 1862, the year of his Marriage]290
[Tolstoy's Library, showing the wooden crosspiece from which he wished to hang himself]402

NOTE ON PRONUNCIATION OF RUSSIAN NAMES

The spelling of Russian names in Latin letters in a work of this kind, presents great difficulties. To begin with, we have as yet (though it is much needed) no accepted method of transliteration from Russian into English; and though it is not difficult for any one to frame or select his own system of transliteration—as I have done for my translations—this does not entirely meet the case when one has to deal with the names of people, many of whom have adopted a spelling of their own.

On the one hand, a man has a right to decide how he will have his own name spelt; but on the other hand, the inclusion of a dozen different systems of transliteration in one book, is apt to create confusion.

I have had to do the best I could under the circumstances. To pronounce the names correctly, in accord with the system of transliteration I have adopted, the reader should note the following: