The History of Freedom, and Other Essays

by Baron John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton Acton

[266]
Darboy, Archbishop, on Papal Infallibility, [547]
opposition of, at Vatican Council, [522]
Daru, revival by, of Hohenlohe's policy, [511]
Darwin, Charles, estimate of Carlyle, [223]
Deàk on Hungarian administration, [510]
Decree, the first, issued to Vatican Council, [531];
withdrawn, [535]
Defoe, Daniel, on want of principle among contemporary politicians, [53]
"De Haereticis," tract on toleration, [182]
Delbrück, criticism of Macaulay's power of historical deduction, [385]
Delicieux, fall of, conclusions on, of Lea, [563], [564]
[Democracy] (see also[ Will of the People]), alliance of, with despotism, [238]
alliance of, with socialism baneful, [92], [93], [98]
attitude to, of Aristotle, [71], [72]
and Catholic Legitimists, link between, [590]
curbing of, by ancient constitutions, [19]
definition and tendencies of, [62]
enlightened ideas of Lilburne on, [83]
essence of, [7]
federalism most effective check on, [98]
in fourteenth century, [80]
government by, danger of, [20]
a great, in relation to self-government, [277]
modern mistakes in true conception of, [93], [94]
in Pennsylvania, [84]
pervading evil of, [97]
political writers against, [93]
Presbyterianism and, [81], [82]
present aim, [95]
principles of, advocated by Pericles, [9]
progress of, in Europe, [85]
revival of, to what due, [80]
ancient, partial solution of, by popular government, [79]
Athenian, tyranny manifested by, [12]
Swiss, [90]
Democracy in Europe, by Sir Erskine May, [61]
Democratic method of Socrates, [71]
principle, triumph of, in France, results of, [287]
Denifle, Father, [574]
Denmark, religion in, Döllinger on, [340]-31
Derby, Lord, cited, [189]
Descartes, advocate of passive obedience to kings, [48]
Despotic spirit, old, its two adversaries, [276]
Despotism after peace of Westphalia, [325]
alliance of democracy with, [238]
emancipation of mankind from, to what due, [24], [25]
overpowering strength of, the doom of classical civilisation, [27]
product of civilisation, [5], [6]
see also [Absolutism]
Development, see also Progress
and its earlier supporters, [592]
Flint on, topic discussed, [591], [592]
Diocletian's persecution of the Christians due to attempt to transform Roman government into despotism of Eastern type, [30], [31]
Dispensation, the, for the Navarre marriage long withheld, [128] & [note];
price, assumed, for, ib.;
never granted, [131]-2;
Charles IX.'s hope regarding, [133]
[Divine right] of freeholders established by Revolution of 1688., [54]
of kings, principle of, led to advocacy of passive obedience, [47]
of the people, [36], see also [Will of the People] with respect to election of monarch, [35]
Divine order in the world, establishment of, [189]
Djakovar, Bishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, [549]
Doctrine, danger from, motive for religious persecution in pagan and mediæval times, [251]
Dogma, Commission on, at Vatican Council, election and proceedings of, [529]-31
Dolcino, two versions of the story of, [555], [568]
Döllinger, Dr. J.J. Ignatius von, his attacks on Papal Infallibility, [538], [545];
on episcopal authority, in Council, [545]
character of, [403]
declaration of, on papal necessity for temporal power, [312]-13
fame of, [463]
historical insight of, limitations of, [409]-10
judgments of, compared to Möhler's, [378];
their gentleness, [410]
influences acting upon, earlier and later studies, intercourse, literatures, etc.—evolution due to—[375]-6, [379]-82, [383], [386]-9,
[392]-3, [399];
later views of, [396], [425]-36
later life of, [399]
and Möhler in Munich, views at variance, [377]-80
politics and their interest for, [400]-403
reliance of scholars on, in theological difficulties, [382]-3
silence of followers of, [313]-15
style of, 375-435;
own estimate of, [432];
views on, and methods of, [383], [385], [389]-92
tract attributed to, on Infallibility, [512], [513]
value as historian of the Church, [408]-10
views of, compared to Möhler's, [378]-9;
on temporal power, [301]-74
visits of, to Oxford, [403];
to Rome, [410]-14
Works by—
Church History, interpretations of, [379]-435;
source of, [386];
new edition of, refused by, [392]-3
Heidenthum und Judenthum, publication of, [405]-7
Hippolytus und Kallistus, publication of, [404]-5
Kirche und Kirchen, argument of, [414]-18;
description of, [384]-6;
source of, [386];
preface to, cited on temporal authority of the Church, [303]-12;
purpose of, [371]-4
Papstfabeln des Mittetalters, spurious authority of the Church, [418]-21
Philosophumena, vindication of Rome, after publication of, by, [404]
Reformation, preparation for, [392]-4;
publication of, [394];
ridiculed in Rome, [411];
style of, [393]-7
cited on attitude of Pius IX. and the Council, [371]
character of Pius IX., [365]-6
Council of Trent, [432]
England's attitude to temporal power of Pope, [415]
German loyalty to the Church, [370]-71
Luther, [397]
mistaken judgments of youth, [429]
St. Dominic, [428]
the temporal power of the Pope, [414]-15
Dominicans, the, theology of, discountenanced, [498]
Dominis, De, [432]
Dorner, [389]
Dort, Canons of, [580]
Doyle, [402]
Duchesne, Abbé, [400], [574]
on the idea of development, and what impeded its acceptance, [592]-3
Dupanloup, [400], [425];
opposition of, at Vatican Council, [522], [526]
defence of Syllabus by, [424]
opposition of, to Papal temporal power, [412]
Duperron, Cardinal, on Arianism, apparent, in St. Irenæus and Tertullian, [592]
[Duplessis-Mornay], forebodings of, as to Huguenot perils, [107]
Dutch independence due to maritime successes, [103]
Dynastic interest, dominant in old European system, [273]
at the Congress of Vienna, [283]
Ebrard, Döllinger's opinion of work of, [420]
Ecclesiastical authority, functions of its office, [460]
Echard, authority on the Inquisition, [554]
book by, on St. Thomas, pages by another, printed in, [558]-9
Eckstein, character of, [400]
École des Chartes, pupils of, methods of, [561]
École Française, [574]
Edessa, Archbishop of, at commission of preparation for Vatican Council, [500]
Edict of Nantes, Revocation of, an inconsistency, [170]
not approved by Innocent XI., [147]
remarks on, [260]
of Pacification, [108]
of Toleration, deceitful, of Charles IX., [117], [135]
Elections, indirect, [97];
not always a safeguard of conservatism, [2]
Elizabeth, Queen of England, Catherine de' Medici's challenge to a massacre of Catholics, [122]
Döllinger's lenient view of, [410]
murder of, sanctioned by Pius V., [139]
not alienated by Charles IX.'s Huguenot massacres, [120]
proposed league of, for Protestant defence, Lutheran protest, [145]
Elizabeth of Valois, first wife of Philip II. of Spain, fate of, [104] & [note]
Ellicott, Dr., Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, on Lamennais's theory, [593]
Emerson, R.W., on attitude of the best Americans to politics, [578]
Encyclical, the, of 1846, Infallibility proclaimed in, [496]
England, an exception to the common law of dynastic States till 1745., [274]
indignation in, at the idea of development in religion, [591]
Inquisition never admitted into, [59]
status of kings in, Canning on, [583]-4
under the Stuarts, Church and liberty in, [208]
English Catholics, peculiarities of their position, [438];
Wiseman's personal relations with, [437], [438]
legal system, pioneer work of Jeremy Bentham in reform of, [3]
liberty, adversary of the despotic policy, [276]
nation, endurance of, and supremacy of, in art of labour, [60]
foremost in battle for liberty, [59]
views of, on the Huguenot massacres, [144]
race, Christianity a cause of greatness of, [204]
writers, Döllinger's acquaintance with, [388]
Entremont, Countess, marriage of, with Coligny, Salviati's denunciation on, [110]
Eötvös on lay interest in religious government, [510]
Ephialtes and democracy, [68]
Epictetus, [406]
Epicurus on purpose of foundation of societies, [18]
Equality, passion for, in France, [57], [58]
subversive theory proclaimed by Rousseau, [273];
making French Revolution (1789) disastrous to liberty, [88]
of fortune, and class interests, [69]
political, observations on the right to, [262]
Erasmus, his idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, [58]
Erhle, Father, [552], [560], [574]
Essenes, disappearance of, [66]
idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, [58]
slavery, both in principle and practice, rejected by, [26]
Ethical offices of the Church not exclusively hers, [448]-9
Ethnology and Geography united, in relation to security of free institutions, Mill on, [286]
Eudæmon-Johannes, praise given by, to the St. Bartholomew, [147]
Eugenius IV., Pope, election of, [355]
Euphemus, cited, [70]
Europe, attitude of, to the French massacre of Huguenots, [120]. [124]-5;
progress of democracy in, [85];
theory of Nationality in, how awakened, [275]
civilised, to what its preservation is due according to Lea, [568]
Latin, frequency in, of revolution, [278];
its object, [280]-81
Western, retrogression in arts and sciences due to domination of Teutons, [32], [33]
the two conquests of, and their effects on social ideas, [278] et seq.
European liberalism and conservatism, [582]-3
system, the old, reigning families, not nationalities, dominant in, [273]
Eutychius, Lea's remarks on, challenged, [563]
Excommunication, of Frohschammer, [477]
what it involves, according to the confession of Schmalkald, etc., [158]
Eymeric, author of the Directorium, President of Arragonese tribunal against heretics, [558], [559]
Fables of the Church (Papstfabeln des Mittelalters), Döllinger's investigations of, [418]-21
Faenza, why menaced by Pius V., [137]
Faith not to be kept with heretics, Catholic theory on, [140]-41
Falloux, value of, as historian, [400]
opposition of, to Montalembert, [425]
False principles, place of, in social life of nations, [272]
Fantuzzi, compiler of history, [387]
Farel, death of Servetus approved by, [185]
Farnese, Cardinal, see [Paul III., Pope]
Fatalism, philosophy of historians, [221]
Fauriel, [565]
Federal government, views on, of Hamilton, [581]-3
Federalism, most effective check on democracy, [98];
value of, [20]
Federalist, The, by Alexander Hamilton, various views on, [581]
Federal form of American constitution, said not to be understood by Tocqueville, [576]
Fénelon, his idea of renovating society
on the principles of self-sacrifice, [58]
on absolutism, [433]
on domains as dowries, [273]
on national distress, [49]
Ferdinand I., Döllinger's lenient estimate of, [410]
Ferdinand II., Döllinger's lenient estimate of, [410]
Ferralz, despatches of, on attitude of Roman Court to the St. Bartholomew, unused, [102]
quarrels of, with the Cardinal of Lorraine, [129]
true particulars of the Navarre marriage according to, [131]-2
on the attitude of Gregory XIII. on hearing of the St. Bartholomew, [132]-3 note
Ferrara, Alfonso, Duke of, a massacre of Huguenots advised by (1564), [108] & note
Ferrari, [590];
Döllinger's tribute to, [417]
on Machiavelli's character, [226]
Ferrier, Du, Catherine de' Medici's words to, on the death of the Queen of Spain and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, [104]
Ferrières, [122]
Fessler, see St. Pölten, Bishop of
Feudalism, alien to the sentiment of France, [279]
growth of, [34];
effect on Church, [245]
struggles of, with the Church, [34], [35]
Feuerlein, Machiavelli's loyalty upheld by, [229]
on political expediency, [224]
Fichte, J.S., cited in praise of Machiavelli's policy, [228]
Ficker, Prof., account by, of the Inquisition, [426]
on the real contriver of the Inquisition's rule by terror, [555]
First Empire, the French, things most oppressed by, the causes of its downfall, [281]
Fischer, Kuno, trace of Machiavelli in metaphysics of, [228]
Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, on persecution, [570]
Flaminian Gate, ancient custom connected with, [136]
Flaminius, works of, edited by Trent Commissioners, [215]
Fleury, style of, Döllinger's compared to, [381]
Flint, Professor Robert, [572];
Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland, review, [588]
critical faculty strong in, [591]
nature of his superiority as writer, [588]-9;
some defects, [589]-90
Florence, prepared for the St. Bartholomew, [109]
Fontana, authority on the Inquisition, [554]
Forbes (Bishop of Brechin), Döllinger's intimacy with, [416]
Force replaced by opinion as Catholic tribunal, [148]
Foreign rulers, objection to, as third cause of popular risings, [284]
Forgery, Church authority supported by [511], [513]
Formosus, [563]
Fors de Béarn, the, [566]
"Fourth Estate," rise of, [67]
Fox, Charles James, [54]
France, absolute monarchy in, [48];
how built up, [41]
the Church in, and Protestantism, Döllinger on, [337]
democratic principle in, its triumph the cause of the energy of the national theory, [287]
feudalism alien to, [279]
Gallican theory in, with respect to reigning houses, [35]
governed by Paris during Revolution of 1789., [88]
of history, how, and why, it fell, [277]
inherent absence of political freedom and presence of absolutism in, [237]-40
kingdom of, how evolved, [278]
opposition in, to Lamennais's Ultramontanism, [463]-4
passion in, for equality, [57], [158]
political ideas concerning, of Charles IX., and of Richelieu, [116]
removal of Papacy to, [370]
and representation on Vatican Council, [504]-5
"the slave of heretics" according to Pius V., [105]
restored monarchy of, see[ Restoration]
Franchi at Council of Bishops in 1867., [499]
Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, in 1859., [287]
Franciscan masters, the, and the idea of development in religion, [592]
Franciscans, General of, on the planned character of the St. Bartholomew, [124]
struggle of Avignon with, [552]
Franklin, Benjamin, irreligious tone of, [584]
Franks, preamble of the Salic law of, [200]
Franzelin on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, [500]
Frederic the Great and Machiavelli's political schemes, [227]
ignorant opposition of, to Machiavelli's works, [218]
Frederic II., Emperor, treaty of, with the Church, [555]
Lombard law of, [152];
its provisions, [555], [556]
Free institutions, a generally necessary condition for securing, Mill on, [286]
[Freedom] (see also [Liberty]) accorded to English Catholics, [438]
in antiquity—
age of Pericles, [9]
antiquity of liberty, modernity of despotism, [5]
cause of liberty benefited more under Roman Empire than under Republic, [15]
dangers of monarchy, of aristocracy and democracy, [19], [20]
decline of Athenian constitution, [11]
definition of liberty, [3]
early communism and utilitarianism, [17], [18]
emancipation by Stoics of mankind from despotic rule, [24]
guiding principle of Roman Republic, [13]
highest teaching of classical civilisation powerless to avert despotism, [27]
history of institutions often deceptive and illusive, [2]
implicit opposition of Stoics to principle of slavery, [25], [26]
influence of Christianity over the State, gradual, [27]
infusion of Greek ideas of statesmanship among Romans, [16]
liberty, highest political end, [22], [23], [24]
limitation and excess in duties of State, [4]
method of growth of constitution, [5]
nature of government of Israelites, [4]
object of constitutions, [10]
reform in English legal system instituted by Jeremy Bentham, [3]
representative government, emancipation of slaves, and liberty of conscience not a subject of classical literature, [25], [26]
revision of laws of Athens by Solon, [6]
sanction of Christ the true definition of the authority of government, [29]
teaching of Plato and Aristotle respecting politics, [22]
teaching of Pythagoras and Heraclitus of Ephesus, [21], [22]
triumphs due to minorities, [1], [4]
value of federalism, [20]
vice of the Classic State, [16]
wisest minds among the ancients tainted with perverted morality, [18]
Freedom in Christianity, history of—
Christianity employed by Constantine to strengthen his empire, [30], [31]
civil, its two worst enemies, [300]
conscience, a postulate of religious revolution, [153]
Freeholders, "divine right of," established by Revolution of 1688, [54]
Freeman, Döllinger on, as a historian, [421]
on Mommsen's want of generous sentiment, [222]
French Belgium, see [Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland]
French Catholics, reasons of their confusion between piety and ferocity, [141]
clergy, and the St. Bartholomew, [126]-7 & notes
monarchy, aid of the democracy in establishing and in demolishing, reasons for both, [278]-80
people, attitude of, to and after the Huguenot massacres, [143] et seq.
how regarded after the Revolution, [277]
provincial massacres of Huguenots, [118]-19, [134]
writers, influence of, on Döllinger, [387]
scholarship, dependence on, of Mr. H.C. Lea, [558]

French Republic of 1848, of what school the triumph, [590]
French Revolution, see [Revolution, French]
Frohschammer, [473]-7
conflict with Rome, [462], [467], [469], [473]-483
Fulcodius, Cardinal, see [Clement IV.]
Fulda, council of bishops at, [517]
Funds of the Church, proposed disposal of, in Italy, [509]
Gallicanism, corruption of Christianity, [463], [524]
Lamennais's crusade against, [464]
theory of, on reigning houses in France, [35]
Gams, 429; defender of the Inquisition, [573]
Ganganelli, Cardinal, influence of, on Döllinger, [434]
Gaspary, cited on Machiavelli's loyalty, [230]
Gass, on St. Anthony's life and origin of monasticism, [420]
Gaul, Roman, tolerance in, of absolutism, [279]
Gazette de France and universal suffrage, [590]
Geneva, trial of Servetus at, [184]
Genlis, Huguenot commander, defeat of, the consequences to Coligny, [116], [117], [141]
Genoa, extinction of, as State, [283]
Gentz cited on Machiavelli's policy, [229]
George III., King of England, [583]
George IV., King of England, [583]
German, or Teutonic, conquest of Europe, its consequences, [277] et seq.
writers, as influencing Döllinger, [389]
Germany, effect on, of the massacre of St. Bartholomew, [124], [143]
Protestantism in (1572), [103]
theology of, unique and scientific, [317], [347]-351, [376], [471]-482
union of, [225]
and the Vatican Council—
circular of German bishops to, [517]
opposition in, [503];
and to Infallibility, [500];
representation of, [505]
Gerson, 562; cited, [191]
Gervinus, G.G.. on Machiavelli as prophet of modern politics, [229]
Ghibellines, political theory of, [37]
Gibbon, Edward, [389]
Gieseler, Döllinger's dislike of, [389], and estimate of, [404]
Ginoulhiac, on Papal Infallibility, [540]
on Strossmayer's influence, [536]
Gioberti, followers of, [314]
metaphysics of, Döllinger's love for, [381]
Girondists, objects of, [263]
Gladstone, W.E., Acton's admiration for, [xxiii];
and Döllinger, letter to, on the Irish question, [434];
estimate of historical judgment and style, [416];
intercourse of, [400]
policy of, feared in Rome, [507]
Glencoe, massacre of, [218], [410]
Gneist, [377]
Gonzaga, Lewis, see [Nevers]
Görres, Joseph, [282], [405]
centre of Munich group of theologians, [386]
Göttingen, [378];
seminary pupils of, methods of, [561]
Government, authority of, defined by Divine sanction of Christ, [29]
Catholic view of, [260]
chief duty of, to maintain political right, [449]
American, Judge Cooley on, [580]
Gracchus, opposition to Octavius, [76]
Grant, General Ulysses, [579]
Granvelle, Cardinal, Viceroy of Naples, on the massacre of St. Bartholomew, [125], [140];
on Alva's prisoners, [142]
Gratian, [557]
Gratry, letters of, to the Archbishop of Mechlin, on divisions in the Church, [537]-8
on the Inquisition, [424]
tribute from, to Döllinger, [424]
cited on Veuillot's school, [429]
Greece, national beliefs yielding to doubt during age of Pericles, [8], [9]
politics of, infused into minds of Roman statesmen, [16]
Greek Church, development of, [332]-3
revolution, causes united in, [284]
Greeks, democracy of, [66]
as makers of history, [240]
slavery discouraged by, [63]
Gregory VII., Pope, deception of, by hierarchical fictions, [420]
and democracy, [80]
his disparagement of civil authorities, [36]
Gregory IX., Pope, [430]
appointed Guala as first Inquisitor, [553]
Lea's view of, as intellectual originator of the Inquisition, [555], [557]
Gregory X., Pope, and the Inquisition, [426]
Gregory XIII., Pope, [430]
and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew—
Bull of, on, [101], [134]
complicity of, discussed, [128]
fate of his letters to France, [101]
previous knowledge of, [110], [116]
receipt of the news by, his public and private attitude, and his reply, [132]-5, [137]
urges full and complete extirpation of Huguenots, [142]
conduct as viewed by French and by Italians, [148]
reply, [137]
undue hatred of, consequent on his attitude to the matter, [138]
and the Navarre marriage, his steady opposition, [105], [111], [113], [128]
on destruction as result of sedition, [216]
Gregory XVI., Pope, personal fallibility of, admitted, and denounced by Lamennais, [465], [466]
Grenoble, Bishop of, doctrine of Papal Infallibility admitted by, [528]
excluded from Commission on Dogma, [530]
on dogmatic decrees of the Vatican Council, [533]
Grey, Lord, [219]
Grotius, [432];
days of, [225]
founder of study of real political science, [46]
on the principles of law, [46]
Guala, Bishop of Brescia, successor of Moneta and St. Dominic, [553]
and the burning of heretics. [555]-6
Guelphs, political theory of, [36]
Guicciardini, Francesco, abridged by Trent Commissioners, [215]
Guidonis, Bernardus, frequently cited by Lea, [568]
leading authority of the fourteenth century, [559]
Practitia of, [558]
protests of, on Clement V.'s decree on privilege of Inquisitors, [566]
Guise, Duke of, initiative of, in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, [112]
recalled to France, [213]
slain by Henry III. of France, [121]
Guise, House of, [112], [118]
Guizot, [400]
on the eighteenth century, [585]
on Hamilton's work The Federalist, [581]
on importance, to all denominations, of the Vatican Council, [493]
wisdom of, [401]
Günther, [473]
Gurney, Archer, alarm of, at Döllinger's views, [382]
Guyon on the murder of heretics, [147]
Habeas Corpus Act, principle originated in Middle Ages, [39]
Habsburg family, contests of, [274]
Halifax Archbishop of (Conolly), on the dogmatic decree, [533]
opposition of, at Vatican Council, [522]
on Scriptural authority, [547]
Halifax, George Savile, Lord, [53]
Hallam, Henry, favourable comparison of theory of Il Principe with other political theories, [224]
Hamilton, Alexander, eulogised, [581]-3
history, treatment of philosophy, [380]
political example of, [586]
views of, as cited by Bryce, [578]
Harnack, estimate of Döllinger, [434]
Harrington, political writer in advance of his time, [51]
Hartwig, [230]
Hase, Prof. K., cited on political expediency, view of, on importance of Vatican Council to all denominations, [493]
Hauréau, Histoire Littéraire by, divergence from, of Lea, [558], [563]
Havet, [555]
Haynald, Archbishop of Colocza, at Council of Bishops, 1867, [499]
Hefele, defender of the Inquisition, [573]
estimate by, of Döllinger, [434]
on Papal Infallibility, [540], [544]
on validity of dicta of Vatican Council, [548]
Hegel, Carl, friend of Döllinger, [420]
Hegel, G.W.F., [589], [590]
definition by, of universal history, [224]
as enemy of religion, Döllinger's disparaging view of, [376], [381]
master of Cousin, [589]
posthumous work of, [385]
view of, on Development of Liberty, [596]
[Henry III.], King of France (see also [Anjou. Duke of]), [44], [580]
Döllinger's lenient estimate of, [410]
hopes of his destroying the Huguenots root and branch, [142];
urged on him by Muzio, [143]
and the murder of the Guises, [121], [213]
reliance of, on Il Principe, [215]
Henry IV., King of France, see [Navarre, King of]
Heraclitus, of Ephesus, on the supremacy of reason and divine origin of laws, [21], [22]
Herbert, cited to show Machiavelli's sacrifice to unity, [229]
Herder, J.G., [375]
on Il Principe, [228]
Heresy (see also [Intolerance], [Persecution], and [Toleration]), books on, definition of, by the Archbishop of Cologne, [531]
Calvin's views on punishment, [181];
its famous refutation, [182]
causes of, in Frohschammer, [481]
dependent on the State, [317]
laws of Frederic II. on, [152], [555]
punishable by death, doctrine of the Church, [216]-19
methods of dealing with the Reformers cited on, [154], [157], [163]-164, [166], [167], [175], [181], [183]
[Heretics], attitude towards, of St. Dominic, [554]
Catholic theory on the proper way to deal with, [569];
discredit incurred from, [140]-41
a prominent dissentient, [144]
divisions among, [103]
first proscribed in Aragon, [557]-58
murder of, Guyon on, [147]
Hermann, reliance of Döllinger on authority of, [403]
Hermas, [406]
Hermes and followers denied the power of the Index, [473]
Hesse, Landgrave of, bigamy of, why condoned by Luther, [160] & note
Hindoos, stationary national character of, [241]
Historians, qualities of, revealed by use made of their authorities, [235]
scientific, method of, how differing from that of artist and annalist, [233]
[Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland], by Robert Flint, review, [588]
History, deductions of, Döllinger's theory, [389]-92;
not drawn from moral standards, [219]-21
Döllinger's work in, [375]-435
equity of, deductions drawn from action, [219]
God seen in, [594]
no conscience in, Hartwig's opinion of, [230]
teaching of, Döllinger's desertion of theology for, [379]-83
theory of, Döllinger's view, [385]
History, A, of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, by Henry Charles Lea, review, [551]
Hobbes, Thomas, advocate of passive obedience to kings, [48]
and Machiavelli's policy, [228]
Höfler, [434]
Hogendorp, on the American Revolution and the decline of religion in America (circ. 1784), [584]
Hohenlohe, Prince, defeat of his policy, [511]
defeated by Ultramontanes, [505]
Döllinger secretary to, [385]
opposed to discussion of Infallibility at Vatican Council, [503]-4
Hohenzollern, house of, contests of Silesia with, [275]
[Holland], see also [Low Countries] and [Netherlands], declares for the Prince of Orange, [103]
republican, an exception to common law of dynastic states, [274]
Holst on Hamilton's genius, [581]
Verfassungsgeschichte, by, [577]
Holy Alliance, originated by Baader, [377];
the devotion of, to absolutist interests, [282];
and to suppression of the revolution and national spirit, [283]
Home and Foreign Review, The, action concerning, of Wiseman, [439]-40;
deprecated, [440] et seq.;
his complaints investigated, [442]-43;
and replied to, [443]-44;
how Wiseman came to misconceive the words of the Review, [444] et seq.;
position on which the Review was founded, [447], [457];
sphere of such a publication delimited, [448]-56;
topics excluded from its purview, [457];
its aid to religion indirect but valuable, [459];
attitude of, on supreme authority of the Church, [482]-91
Honorius III., Pope, characterisation by, of Gregory IX., [556]
the Inquisition extant under, [554]
and the Lombard law for burning heretics, [556]
Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity, [45]
Hosius, Cardinal, opposition of, to Beza, concerning the Polish Socinians, [146]
Hötzl, Father, support of Döllinger, [545]
House of Commons, the, and the Inquisition, [570]
[Huguenots], expulsion of from Switzerland, [125]
massacres of, in Paris and the provinces, [106], and see [Massacre of St. Bartholomew] passim
position of, in 1572, and apparent prospects, [102]
views of, on the massacres of co-religionists, [145]-46
Humboldt, W. von, [282]
Hume, David, [54];
cited on Il Principe, [218]
Hungary, Church constitution of 1869., [510]
growing autonomy of, [526]
Huns, stationary national character of, [241]
Hus, John, difference between his teaching and Luther's, [271]
trial of, [552], [570];
a test case, [572];
Lea's puzzling views on, [573]
Ideals, energy evoked by, why greater than in case of rational ends, [272]
usefulness of, [272];
how limited, [273]
Ideas, abstract, more powerful than practical, views on cited, [585]
[Il Principe] (Machiavelli's), dedication of, [215]
Nourrisson's praise of, [227]
Pole's attention called to, [214]
publication of, [214];
interpretation of, by all later history, [213];
known to Pole and Cromwell, [214]
various criticisms of, [218]
Immaculate Conception, doctrine of, Archbishop of St. Louis on, [545]
Income Tax, known in Middle Ages, [39]
Independent congregations, advocacy of toleration by, [52]
Index, the Church's instrument of preventing scandal by literature, [469]-471
institution and origin of, [215], [495]
permanent exclusion of Il Principe by, [215]
power of, in Germany, [473]
reform of, urged on and effected by the Vatican Council, [495], [525], [531]
sanction of, [544]
Indifference, religious, of educated Protestants, [350]-51
[Indulgences] granted by Pius V., in connection with war against the heretics, [141]
Infallibility, Papal—
attitude to, of Lamennais, [462]-4, [465], [466]
Bavarian warning against adoption of, by Vatican Council, [511]
Civiltà Cattolica on, [500]-501
continental discussions on, [518]
debate on, at Vatican Council, [532]-549
declaration of, urged on Vatican Council, [499]
definition of, not to be made, by Vatican Council, [518]
discussion and definition of, by Vatican Council, [525]-49
doctrine of the Jesuits, [498];
establishment of, Vatican Council, [499]
opinions in England, on discussion of, at Vatican Council, [507]
opposition to, [502]-4
origin of doctrine of, [513]-515
to be presented at Vatican Council, [500]-501
proposed by Cardoni at commission of preparation for Vatican Council, [500]
Infidelity, growth of, due to intolerance, [256]
Innocent III., commonly reported as founder of the Inquisition, [553];
intolerance of, [431]
treatment of heretics, [568]
Innocent IV., Pope, cited, [206]
Innocent X., Pope, protest against Peace of Westphalia, [324]-25
Innocent XI., Döllinger's proposed history of, [433]
Innocent XI., Pope, and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, [147]
Inquisition, the, earlier and later, distinction between aims and characteristics of, [552]
Lea's view on, [568]
Machiavelli denounced to, [214]-15
never admitted into England, [59]
origin of, controversy on, [553]
period of its activity and decline, [574]
problem of, [570]
sanction of, [544]
in Spain, [152]
supporters of, [570]
tribunal of, appropriation by Spanish kings leading to absolute monarchy, [41]
at Vienna, [184]
writers defending, [573]
Inquisition, The, of the Middle Ages, A History of, by Henry Charles Lea, review, [551]
Institutes, Calvin's, on Toleration, [182]
Insurrections previous to 1789, wherein differing from the French Revolution, [271]
Intellectual offices of the Church not exclusively hers, [448]-9
International league of nations founded by Mazzini, [286]
[Intolerance] carried to an extreme by the Anabaptists, [172]
Catholic and Protestant, distinguished, [165], [168]-70, [186]-7
cause of growth of infidelity, [256]
inherent in the Mediæval Church, Leas view, [571]
motive and principle of, when justifiable, [251]
of Reformers, [184]
as a rule of life, Lea's view on, [562]-3
Ireland, Church in, Goldwin Smith's views on, [259]
Celtic race in, yielding to higher political aptitude of the English, [242]
failure of Reformation in, [43]
history of, comparative method of, study of, [234]
land question, the great difficulty in, [236]
question of, Döllinger's views on, [434]
religious disabilities in, an engine of political oppression, 253
and Ultramontanism at Vatican Council, [507]
Irish agitation, causes united in, [284]
[Israelites], democracy of the, [65]
government of, exhibiting principle upon which freedom has been won, [4], [5]
a federation held together by faith and race, [4]
resistance of monarchy among, by prophet Samuel, [4]
Italian States (1862), nationality in, [295]
Italy, Austrian rule in, error of, [285]
effect on, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [124], [143]
literature of, influence on Döllinger, [386]-7
policy of, under Machiavelli and before, use of assassination, [213]
politics of, influenced by Vatican Council, [508]-511
reliance in, on Machiavelli, [226]
Machiavelli's triumph, [225], [266]
temporal power of papacy in, [355]-62, [367]-71
wisdom of Huguenot massacres confessed, [125]
Ivan the Terrible. Czar of Muscovy, protests of, on the St. Bartholomew, [144]
Jackson, Andrew, American President, [578]
Jacobins, policy of, criticism of, [261]

James II., King of England, [54], [410]
overthrow imperative, [468]
Janus, [519];
book on Ultramontane ideal, [511], [513]
Jefferson, Thomas, President, U.S.A., [579]
irreligion of, [585]
Jesuit attitude to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [1], [127], [147], [148]
[Jesuits], the, and infallibility, [498]
and preparations for Vatican Council, [497]-98
Jews, see also[ Israelites]
treatment of, by Catholics, [169];
and by Protestants, [164], [179]
Joachim, Abbot, and his work, [560]
Joan of Arc, [552];
authorities on, not consulted by Lea, [558]
John Of Salisbury, [45];
reputed author of the Historia Pontificalis, [559]
Joubert, on authority of the Church, [463]
Judæ, Leo, views of, as to persecution, [174]
Julian, apostate, reasons for persecution by, [196]
Julius Cæsar, conversion by, of Roman republic into monarchy, [15]
Jürgens, his estimate of Luther, [161]
Justification by faith, dogma of, as test of orthodoxy, [158]
Justin, summit reached by, [406]
Justinian, code of, greatest obstacle to liberty next to feudalism, [79]
on the absolute authority of the Roman Emperor, [31]
Kolde, effect of works of, [408]
Kampschulte, effect of works of, [408]
Kant, Immanuel, [594]
Kaulbach, pictorial ridicule of Döllinger's Reformation, [411]
Kenrick, on Papal infallibility, [540], [544]
Ketteler, W.E. von, Döllinger's lectures praised by, [381]
on Papal infallibility, [540], [544]
Kings, status of, in England, Canning on, [583]-84
Kirchmann on political ethics, [222]
cited on the adoption of Machiavelli's policy, [227]-28
Klein. J.L., cited on Machiavelli's moral purpose, [229]
Kleutgen, garbled version of Strossmayer's protest, [542]
Kliefoth, influence on Döllinger, [389]
work on penitential system, [381]
Knowledge, growth of, freedom of, in the Church, [461]
Knox, John, [44]
"Monstrous Regiment of Women," [45]
Laboulaye, indictment against democracy, [93]
Labour, supremacy of English nation in art of, [60]
Lacordaire, Henry, advice of, ignored by Montalembert, [400]
cited on political honesty, [220]
Döllinger antagonistic to, [401]
on St. Dominic, [428]
Lafayette, [590]
La Farina, tribute to Machiavelli, [226]
Lamennais and the Church, condemnation and fall, and cause of the latter, [398], [465], [466]-73
conflict with Rome, [462]-473
classed as Ultramontane, [451]
endeavours of, to exalt Rome, [463]-4
intercourse of, with Döllinger, [398]
and the idea of development, [591], [593]
theory of common sense, [593]
Land question, the great difficulty in Ireland, [236]
Languedoc, work in, of St. Dominic, [553]
Lanza, [509]
La Roche-sur-Yon, on the resolutions of the conference of Bayonne, [108] & notes
Larroque, Tamizey de, rejection by, of Arnaud's speech at Beziers, [567]
Lasaulx, Ernst von, estimation of, [405]
Lassalle, Ferdinand, on collective thought, [585]
Laurent, [590];
Döllinger's praise of, [417]
cited on Machiavelli's doctrines, followed by detractors, [226]
Laval, Bishop of, opposition of, at Vatican Council, [522]
Lavradeo, Count de, Portuguese ambassador to Vatican Council, [507]
Lavaur, fate of Albigenses at, [556]
Law, custom and national qualities, not will of government, makers of, [58]
mediæval opinions on, [258]
in relation to the will of the people, Vergniaud on, [276]
Laws (see also [Legal system]), divine origin of, [22]
of realm, Socratic view that they were only sure guide of conduct, [18]
view of Ghibelline writers respecting, [37]
view of Guelph writers respecting, [36]
Lay representation on Vatican Council, plans for, [503]-8
Lea, Henry Charles, A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, review, [551]
characteristics of, [555], [559], passim;
as historical writer, [551]
League, the, Charles IX.'s refusal to join, [129]
League, Holy, attempts to bring France into, [113]
Le Blanc de Beaulieu on political expediency, [225]
Lecoy de la Marche, collection, [559]
Lee, murder of, note on, [65]
[Legal system], English, pioneer work in reform of, of Jeremy Bentham, [3]
'Leges Barbarorum,' principle of, in respect to the Church, [244]
Legislation, liberty independent of domain of, [2]
Legitimate ruler, defence of, first cause of popular risings, 1813., [284]
Leibniz, Döllinger's gratitude to, [393]
on Il Principe, [228]
influence of, on Döllinger, [381]
Leo I., Pope, and the suppression of heresy at any cost, [571]
Leo X. (Medici), Pope, character of, [378]
treatment of tyrant of Perugia, [214]
Leo XIII., Pope, literary fruits of his liberality, [573]-4
Leopold, [401]
Lepanto, naval battle of, [104];
effect foiled by Charles IX., [105]
victory of, less dear to the Pope than the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [134]
Leti, cited, [140]
Lewis XII., king of France, extermination of Vaudois of Provence by, [217]
Lewis XIII., king of France, Döllinger's lenient estimate of, [410]
Lewis XIV., king of France, death penalty by, indicted for disobedience to his will, [48]
Döllinger's lectures on, [433]
ordinance against Protestants, [50]
as political assassin, [410]
records of reign of, [409]
secret treaty between, and Charles II., [53]
supreme among tyrants for bad use of his power, [49];
adulation bestowed on him sign of national subjection to absolutism, [49]
L'Hôpital, [126]
Liberal movement in Latin Europe, its objects, [280]-81
Liberalism, European, [582]-3
Liberals, eighteenth century, their care only for the individual, [273]
of the French Restoration, limitations of, [282]
[Liberty] (see also [Freedom]), change in constitution not effected by, in Italy and Germany, [225]
definition of, [3]
and democracy, [63]
essential condition and guardian of, religion, [4]
essential to the subsistence of a country, Rousseau on, [294]
failure of Protestant systems to secure, [181]
influences of Christianity on, [203]
Luther's attitude to, [156]
and property, connection between, [54]
realisation of, on what depended, [288]
reconciled to religion, dispute concerning, [467]-9
theory of, as regards nationality, [289]
religion and nationality, causes united in revolutions after 1815., [284]
sacrificed to unity, by Machiavelli, [229]
views on, of Hegel, and of Flint, [596]
vulgar definition of, [580]
Liberty, American, Judge Cooley on, [580]
civil and religious, point of unison between, [151]
English, adversary of old despotic policy, [276]
English, adversary of former despotic power, [276]
municipal, vigorous growth of, in Belgium, [38]
religious, definition of, [151]-2
effect on, of State control, [151]-3
in Maryland, [187]
necessary conditions of, [152]-3
not impossible, [367]
Liddon, Canon, intimacy with Döllinger, [416]
Liebig, [377]
Lightfoot (Bishop of Durham), Church history of, [418]
Lilburne, political writer in advance of his time, [50];
his enlightened ideas on democracy, [83]
Limborch, [563]
Lipsius, R.A., study of Machiavelli by, [215]
Lisle, Ambrose de, [423]
Littré, [590]
Locke, John, [54]
doctrine of resistance, [54]
inconsistent ideas regarding liberty, [53]
on rules of morality, [221]
Lombard law of Frederick II., as affecting heretics, [152], [555], [556]
Lombardy, the heresy of (Waldensian), [559]
work of St. Dominic in, [553]
Longpérier, cited, on Italy's adoption of Machiavelli's policy, [227]
Lorraine, Cardinal of (Guise), on Anjou's hatred of Protestants and its consequences, [105] & note
approval expressed by, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [140]
high position of, [111];
on his initiative in the Huguenot massacre, his praise of Charles IX., [112] & note;
complicity of, in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [129]-30
quarrels with, of Ferralz, [129];
its reason, the Pope's attitude to him, [130]
on the price of the Navarre marriage, [128]
slain by Henry III., attitude of the Pope, [121]
Louis XVI., king of France, policy of, [57]
powerlessness of, to effect reform, [85]
why he perished, [280]
Louis Philippe, king of the French, his good opinion of republican government, [56], [90]
decline of his popularity, [92]
Love of country, Bossuet on, [294] note
[Low Countries] (see also [Holland] and[ Netherlands]), Alva's failure in, [103]
Loyola, Ignatius, founder of the Society of Jesus, [113]
Luca, Cardinal de, proposed discussion of infallibility at Vatican Council denied by, [518]
Reisach's deputy as president, [534]
Lucchesini, sermon against Machiavelli, [215]
Lucius, attack of, on Philo, [419]
Luther, Martin, [502]
attitude of, to the marriage difficulties of Henry VIII., [160]
and the bigamy of Philip of Hesse, [160]
Döllinger's estimate of, [397]
early utterances of, on toleration, [153]-5;
his change of view, [155]
influence of, on politics, [81]
Möhler on, [378]
persecuting principles involved in his system, [164], [590]
teaching of, wherein differing from that of Wycliffe and of Hus, [271]
views of, on government, [42];
on polygamy, [159], [162];
on the relations of Church and Slate, [156], [157]-58, [161]-63, [173], [177], [180];
logical outcome of his theory, [159];
its inconsistency, [162];
work of, on the Civil Power, [154] & note;
cited on toleration of Anabaptists, [157]
[Lutheran ]attitude to heretics, gradual change in, [154], [157]
to Huguenots, [145]-6
theory of persecution, political element in, [172]
Lutheranism, decline of, [327]-9
in Denmark, [341]
description of, [343]-5
national character of, [319]-320
roused by abuses in the Church, [495]
in Sweden, [341]
Lyons, massacre of Huguenots at, [119];
news of, sent to Rome, [132];
horror aroused by, in Provence, [144];
letter from, on the massacres at that place, [131]
Macaulay, T.B., [580]
historical limitation of, [385]
injustice of Döllinger to, [391]-2
opinion of, on Father Paul, [432]
on the study of history, [232]
Machiavelli, Niccolo (see also[ Il Principe]), character of, [225]-6;
its complexity, [212]-14
crime of Catherine de' Medici not instigated by, [216]
denouncement of, to Inquisition, by Muzio, [214]-15
doctrine of, [40], [41];
impulse given by, to absolutism, [41]
influence on succeeding generations, [40], [41];
political, [49];
held by rulers before and since, [216]-19;
estimated by early historians, [225]-231
ignorance of, displayed by great men, [218]-19
indulgent views taken of methods of, [224]
Medici patron and his daughter, [122]
merits of, admitted by later historians, [230]-231
methods of, [225]-6
secret patriotism of, upheld by various historians, [229]-230
in touch with reasoners and imitators, by theory of success, [223]
zenith of power, [225]-7
Mackintosh, Sir James, on constitutions, [581]
Macmaster, on Hamilton's genius, [581]
Madison, James, [579]
on Hamilton's theory of government, [581]
Maffei, on regicide, [217]
Magdeburg, Archbishop of, temp. Gregory IX., [556]
Mai, Cardinal, as an editor, [421]
Maimbourg, [215]
Maine, Sir Henry, on the Droit du Seigneur, [566]-7
Maistre, Count de, Ultramontane writer, [451], [468];
on the authority of the Church, [377]
and Lamennais's theory, [593]
relation to Savigny, [593]
exaggerations of, [378]
influence on Döllinger, [377]
interpreted by elder Windischmann, [381]
rank of, as writer, [417]
thoughts of, on Nationality, [282] & note
Malebranche, [382]
Malvenda, authority on the Inquisition, [554]
Mamachi, authority on the Inquisition, [554]
Mandelot, Governor of Lyons, and the Huguenot massacres, [119]
Manin, Daniele, [287]
Manning, Cardinal, Archbishop of Westminster, adviser of De Angelis, [529]
on admission of papal infallibility by acknowledgment of supreme authority, [543]-4
Manteuffel, administration of, [283]
Manzoni on temporal power of Papacy, [512]
Marat, madness of, [401]
outcome of Rousseau's teaching on his policy, [57], [58]
Maret, book of, on Vatican Council plans, [512], [513]
opposition of, at Vatican Council, [426]
and papal infallibility, [528]
Mariana, rejoicing of, over the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [124]
cited on death of Henry III., [217]
Marini, as a compiler of history, [387]
occasional removal of, from Index, [215]
Marlborough, Duke of (the Great), character of, [53]
Marseilles, Bishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, [549]
Marsilius of Padua, the Ghibelline,
views of, on power and persecution, [561]-2
cited on the relation of kings to the people, [37]
Marshall, John, [579];
and the development of the American Constitution, [581]
Martens, [427]
Martensen, Bishop, estimate of Döllinger, [434]
tribute to Baader's powers, [376]
Martineau, Dr., and Mill's opinion of results as test of actions, [223]
Mary Tudor, Queen of England, [410]
Maryland, religious history of, [187]
Massachusetts, history of, contrasted with that of Maryland, [187]
[Massacre, the, of St. Bartholomew], [101]
defects in plan and execution of, as judged by immediate results, [106];
sources of the same, [117]
defence of, on political grounds, [218]
Döllinger's work on, [430]-31
evidence concerning, how dealt with, difficult of access, [101];
best existing sources, [102]
motive inspiring its chief author, [121]
question of numbers slain in, [106], [137]
question of premeditation of, contemporary view, [106];
modern view, [107];
evidence in support of the former, [107] et seq.
results anticipated from, [69];
Philip II., [123];
view not stated by Alva, [124]
Massillon, Jean-Baptiste, cited on retribution, [220]
Mathieu, Cardinal, share in elections to Commission of Dogma, [529], [530], [532]
Matter, cited on Machiavelli's influence on liberty, [227]
Maurenbrecher, rank of Döllinger estimated by, [386]
Maurer, Conrad, at Döllinger's house, [405]
Maximillian II., Emperor, information sent to, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [107]
opinion of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [144]
toleration of, [105]
urged to follow example of Charles IX., [134] & note
May, Sir Erskine, Democracy in Europe, by, [61]
Mazade, influence on Döllinger, [434]
Mazzini, Giuseppe, association of, with the growth of the idea of Nationality, [286]
association of his revolutionary ideas with conservatism of Niebuhr, [59]
on Machiavelli's politics, [219]
proclaimer of Nationality, [273]
profane criticism by, [218]
Mazzuchelli, [114]
Mechlin, Archbishop of, reply to the Bishop of Orleans by, [537]
Medici, Cosmo de', patron of Machiavelli, father of Catherine, [122]
family of, in disfavour under Paul III., [214]
Machiavelli not countenanced by followers of, [214]
Mediæval writers on law and right, [258]
Melanchthon, Philip, his theory of persecution, [164]-170
views of, on polygamy, and the bigamy of Philip of Hesse, [160] & note
on religious assassination, [325]
cited on Cromwell's death, [217]
Memorandum of the Powers, [183];
on temporal power, [366]
Menabrea, circular of, on representation of Vatican Council, [509]
Mendoça, praise of those concerned in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [124]
Mentz, Bishop of, belief in infallibility doctrine, [518]
Mérode, [414]
Metternich, Prince, [283];
attitude of, to Nationality, [285]
Metz, Bishop of, repudiation of Döllinger's declaration, [538]
Mexico, nationality in, [245]-46
Meyer, Paul, on the Council of Arles, [565]
Michelet, Jules, Flint compared to, [596]
cited on human action as interpreter of God's commands, [223]
on Machiavelli, [213]
influence on Döllinger, [433]
Döllinger's study of, [421]
Michiel, Giovanni, Venetian ambassador, [109];
on premeditation of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [110]
Middle Ages, authority of State inadequate in, [4]
decline of religion in, [595]
history of, reason for its unity, [244]
political advances in, [39]
persecution in, [152], [168]
revival of study of, [390]-91
Middle Ages, The, A History of the Inquisition of, by Henry Charles Lea, review, [551]
Mignet, Döllinger's praise of,

[417]
Milan, Archbishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, [549]
Mill, John Stuart, indictment of democracy, [93]
on results as tests of actions, [223]
on states as coincident with nationalities, [285]
Milton, John, his justification of execution of Charles I., [51]
Minerve, fate of Albigenses at, [556]
Modena, [386]
Mohammedans, treatment of, by Catholics, [169];
by Protestants, [179];
their tolerance, [186]
Möhler, J.A., [593]
influence on Döllinger's views of fixity of national types, [434]
publication of Symbolik, [377]
on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [149]
suggested history of progress of doctrine of, [385]
cited on Döllinger's rank as theologian, [379]
cited on intercourse with Döllinger, [377]
partiality as historian of religious wars, [428]
rank of, [430]
views of, compared to Döllinger's, [378]-9
cited on Luther, [378]-9
Möhler and Döllinger in Munich, views at variance, [377]-380
Molina, Luis, [380]
Molinier, Auguste, on a history of the Inquisition, [551]-2
rejection by, of Arnaud's speech at Béziers, [567]
Molino, Francesco da, cited on the recall of the Guises, [213]
Mommsen, Theodor, cited on political expediency, [222]
distinction of pupils of, [419]
indifference of the public to, [430]
Monarchy—
adulation manifested towards, after the Middle Ages, [48]
danger of, [19], [20]
and democracy, [64]
limitation of powers, aim of modern constitutions, [19]
resistance of, among Israelites, justified in later ages, [4]
restricted suffrage not always a safeguard of, [2]
Absolute—
clergy upholders of, [41]
development and destruction of, by the democracy in France, & notes, [279]-80
France chief centre of, [48]
one of the worst enemies of civil freedom, [300]
Monarchs, election and deposition of, divine right of people with respect to, [35]
Guelphic and Ghibelline views respecting, [36], [37]
subjection of, to public law, [35]
Mondoucet, French agent at Brussels, Charles IX.'s letter to, on the proposed Massacre, [117]
Moneta, Fra, successor of St. Dominic, [553]
Monluc, Bishop of Valenca, dying speech of, its bitterness against Huguenots, [141]
on the effect of the Huguenot massacres on Poland, [120]
view of, on St. Bartholomew, [107]
Monroe, James, President, his term of office "the era of good feeling," [56]
Mons, fall of, [103];
Lewis of Nassau at, [105]
the garrison devoted to death by Charles IX. and Philip II., [141]-2
Montaigne, Michel de, view held by, on Machiavelli's fame, [215]
Montalembert, Count de, classed as Ultramontane, [451]
influence of, on Döllinger, [400]
intercourse unbroken, [463]
unacknowledged agreement with Döllinger, [316]
and Kirche und Kirchen, views cited, [417];
estimate of that work, [424]
in Munich, [398]
opposition of, at Vatican Council, [524]-5
politics of, [400]
and the temporal power of the Papacy, [412]
Montalto, Cardinal, alleged dissent of from congratulation on the St. Bartholomew, [140]
Montégut, influence on Döllinger, [434]
Montesquieu, and his development of Locke's teaching, [54]
Montezuma, and Torquemada, resemblance between the gods of, [569]
Montferaud, Sieur de, rumoured orders to, as to massacre of Huguenots, [127] note
Montfort and the Albigenses, [556]
Montgomery and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [107], [122]
Montpensier, Duke of, Huguenot massacres ordered by, in Brittany, [119]
unguarded speech by, on coming massacre, [111]
Montpezat, Lieutenant of Guienne, and the Bordeaux massacres, [127]
Morality, perverted ideas of, prevailing among classic sages, [18]
public, how differing from private, [40]
Mordenti, cited on Machiavelli, as champion of conscience, [226]
More, Sir Thomas, author of the Utopia, [270]
idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, [58]
Mores Catholici, Digby's, [569]
Morinus cited, [194]
basis of Kliefoth's work in, [381]
Morley, John, on equity of history, [219]
Mornay, see [Duplessis-Mornay]
Morris of Exeter, and study of Petavius, [380]
Morris, Robert, an American, the suggester of the French wars of speculation and plunder, [578]
cited on Hamilton as a leader, [582]-3
Morvilliers, Bishop of Orleans, attitude of, to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [126]
Mozley, James, visit of Döllinger to, [403]
Muenscher, works of, esteemed by Döllinger, [381]
Müller, [282]
[Munich, Archbishop of] (Reisach), brief from the Pope to, denouncing Frohschammer, 481-5
nominated as President of Vatican Council, [501];
death of, before taking seat as, [534]
Munich, conference at, Döllinger's declaration to, [312]-13
Döllinger at, [386];
lectures in, [375]
Frohschammer's work in, [473]
Möhler with Döllinger in, [377]-80
school of theology at, [398]-9, [434]
Municipal liberties, vigorous growth in Belgium, [38]
Münster (Westphalia), excesses of Anabaptists at, [171]
Münzer, Thomas, intolerance of, [171]
Muratori, Döllinger's study of, [387]
on evangelists, [419]
papal biographies by, [559]
and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [148]
[Murder] (see also[ Assassination],[ Heretics], and [Persecution]), on plea of religion, attitude to, of Rome, [138], [139], [140], [147]
Muretus, [101];
famous speech of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [130]
Muzio, the Decamerone recommended to students by, [215]
in favour with Pius V., [214]-15
letter from, to Henry III. of France, urging unsparing extirpation of Huguenots, [143]
Machiavelli denounced by, to the Inquisition, [214]-15
Mylius, view of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [107]
Nantes, city, refusal of, to massacre Huguenots, [119]
edict of, revocation of, not approved by Innocent XI., [147];
inconsistency, [170];
remarks on, [260]
Napoleon I., causes of his downfall, [281], [284]
new power called into existence by, [281]
question respecting the durability of his institutions, [238]
cited on importance of results, [221]
cited on quality of endurance in English nation, [66]
Napoleon III., ambition of, [316]
and discussion of infallibility doctrine at Vatican Council, [504]
Nassau, Lewis of, at Mons, French auxiliaries with, [105]
National character, influence of, on events, units of, [557]
claims, based on race only, futility of, an instance, [295]
Nationality, essay on, [270]
auxiliary and substance of present-day revolution, [276]
denial of, what it implies, [297]
evolution of, three stages in, [284]-5;
and definition of, in its final form, [285]
idea of, as influencing modern thought greater than that of liberty, [59]
modern theory of, greatest advocate of rights of, [297]
historical importance of, its two chief causes, [298], [299]
how awakened in Europe, [273], [275], [276];
its parentage, [277], [286], [287];
how first seen, [278], [281], [286]
mission of, in the world, [300]
more absurd and criminal than that of Socialism, [300]
political character and value of, discussed, [280] et seq.
a retrograde step in history, [298]
rights of, and greatest adversary of, [297]
some of its first supporters, [281]-2
a subversive theory, [273]
summing up of, [287]-8
political theory of, in contradiction with the historic nation, [243]
the true, [294], [295]
Nations, different, in one State, considerations regarding, [289] et seq.
Naudé, basis of his apology for Charles IX., [147]
[Navarre, Henry, King of], later Henry IV., King of France, [44]
[marriage] of, with Margaret of Valois, opposed by the Popes, [105], [109], [111], [128];
real facts regarding, [131]-3;
representations on, of Charles IX. and his mother, [135];
dissolution of, by Paul V., [114]
murder of, schemed as a good deed, [139]
and the proposed league of Protestant defence, [145]
[Navarre], Queen of (Margaret of Valois), death of, reckoned on in France, [109], and see [Marriage], under Navarre, Henry, King of
Neander, rank of, [421]
special gifts of, [555]
unconventionally of, [384]
Nelson, [592]
[Netherlands] (see also [Holland] and [Low Countries]), deposition of Philip II., and establishment of republic, [44]
republic of, inaugurated reign of law through freedom of press, [50]
[Nevers, Duke of] (Lewis Gonzaga), high station of, [128]
share of, in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [110];
his "ill-timed generosity" on this occasion, [122];
praises of, by Capilupi, [129]
Newman, John Henry, Cardinal, [573], [592], [593]
distinction drawn between Pope and Court, [417]
Döllinger's early appreciation of, [395];
intercourse with, [402]
Napoleon III. not condemned by, [413]
theory of development different from Döllinger's, [407]-8
cited on papal authority, [423]
Nicholas I., [431]
Niebuhr, [581];
association of his conservatism with revolutionary ideas of Mazzini, [59]
Döllinger's gratitude to, [393]
Nimes, Bishop of, on infallibility, [515];
opposed to discussion of, [501]
Nimes (city), no Huguenot massacres at, [143]
Nippold, rank of Döllinger estimated by, [386]
Nourrison cited on Machiavelli's sincerity, [227]
Nugent, Count, proclamation by, on Italian independence, [285]
Nuremberg, Anabaptists at, [157]
Octavius, opposition of Gracchus to, [76]
Odescalchi, character of, [433]
Œcolampadius, Joannes, opinions of, on Church government, [176]-7
Ollivier, opposition of, to French lay representation in Vatican Council, [504]
Orange, Prince of (William the Silent), [44]
alliance made with, by Charles IX., [105]
declaration for (1572), of province of Holland, [103]
Huguenot expedition to aid, failure of results, [116], [141]
not alienated by Charles IX.'s Huguenot massacres, [120]
Origines de la France Contemporaine, [569]
Orleans, Bishop of, attitude of, to papal infallibility, [228], [316], [515], [523], [524]
at Council of Bishops, 1867., [500]
patriotism of (1862), [445]
permission refused to, for publication of reply to the Archbishop of Mechlin, [537]
promotion of Vatican Council by, [493]
unacknowledged agreement with Döllinger, [316]
on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, [549]
Orleans, city of, horrors of Huguenot massacre at, [124]
Orleans dynasty, result of appeal from, in 1848., [590]
Orsi, Döllinger's tribute to, [387]
Orsini, Cardinal, Legatine mission of, to France, his instructions, [137];
Charles IX.'s representations to him, [138]
Oscott, Wiseman's work as President of, [438]
Osiander, Andreas, cited on toleration, [157]
Ossat, D' [114] & note
Overbeck, on Epistle to Diognetus, [420]
Oxford movement, Döllinger told of, by Brewer. [402]
Wiseman's influence on, [438]
Paderborn, Bishop of, on infallibility of Pope, [518]
Paine, Thomas, [585];
citation of, from Rights of Man, on the confusion of political forms with political liberty, [238]
Pallavicini, Theiner on, [431]
Panhellenism, [284]
Panigarola, panegyric by, on Charles IX., [125]
Panslavism, rise of, [284]
[Papacy], the, acknowledgment of small principalities of Italy, [355]
based on organic development, [321]-4
and the Byzantine Empire, [353]
extraordinary notions of Godwin Smith on the, [267]
future of, [367]-70
government of, reform in, [363]-5
reform of, attempted by Pius IX., Döllinger on, [365]
removal to France, a challenge to schism, [370]
temporal power of, see Temporal power
Papal Legations rescued from Austria at the Congress of Vienna, [283]
See, confusion between direct and indirect authority of, [256]
struggle with the Franciscans, [552]
Papinian, cited on political progress, [79]
Paramo, [428]
Paris, attitude hostile to the Huguenots, [116], [117]
attitude after the murder of [Coligny] and [Massacre of St. Bartholomew] in, [106], [126], and see both heads
France governed by, during revolution of 1789, [88]
Mendoça's praise of its Catholic inhabitants, [124]
Archbishop of, cardinals hat refused for, by Pius IX., [526]
career of, [526]
character of, [326]
French representation on Vatican Council urged by, [505]
on Papal infallibility, [532]
on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, [549]
university of, and the Inquisition, [570]
Paris, Matthew, Lea's authorities on, [558]
Parliamentary corruption in America, past and present, [578]
government, primitive republicanism the germ of, [32]
Parma, centre of historical work, [387]
(1862) nationality in, [292]
Partition of Poland, see under [Poland]
Pascal, Blaise, advocate of passive obedience to kings, [48]
cited on varying standards of right and wrong, [220]
Passaglia, fame of, [413]
on papal liberty, [313]
reputation of, [502]
[Passive obedience to the State], doctrine upheld by theologians and philosophers, [47], [48]
taught by Luther, [156], [161], [180];
asserted by Calvin, [180]-81
Patrie, French newspaper, criticism by, of Wiseman's address at Rome, [439], [443], [444], [445];
his reply, [439]
Paul, Father, [432]
[Paul III., Pope] (Cardinal Farnese), hatred of the Medici family, [214];
letter from Sadolet, praising the extermination of the Vaudois, [217]
Paul V., Pope (Borghese), aware of premeditated Huguenot massacre, [114]
Peace of St. Germains, as affecting French Huguenots, [105];
alarmist views on, held by Salvati, [110]
Peasants' war, the, in Germany, attitude of Luther towards, [155], [156] & note, [162]
Pegna, Arragonese origin of, [558], [560]
character of works of, [428]
Pellevé, Cardinal, Archbishop of Sens, on the premeditation of a massacre of Huguenots, [111]
Peloponnesian war, influence of, on Athens, [69]
Penn, William, [410];
follower of doctrine of toleration, [84]
Pennaforte, home of St. Raymond, [556]
Pennsylvania, democratic constitution of, [84]
People, see also [Democracy] and[ Will of the People]
sovereignty of, idea of parent of idea of Nationality, [277]
wishes, etc., of, as criterion of right, teaching on, of the French Revolution as to, [271]
Percin, authority on the Inquisition, [554]
German ignorance of, [428]
Peresius, on Bible inspiration, [514]
Perez, Antonio, accusation by, of Philip II. of Spain, [104]
Pericles and democracy, [9], [68]
effort to prevent predominance of any particular interest in politics, [10]
Perronne, on biblical critics, [514]
on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, [500]
hostility to Passaglia, [413]
rank of, [417]
[Persecution], attitude to, of Marsilius, [562]
by Catholics, principles of, [168]-170, [186]
by heathen Rome, justified on political grounds, [186]
mediæval, justification of, [254]
method of escaping from imposition of religious disabilities, [250]
natural stage in the progress of society, [250]
Protestant theory of, [150];
the book by H.C. Lea, review, inadequate as history of, [574]
reasons for and against, as a political principle, [252]
some noted supporters of, [570]
Spain and Sweden contrasted, [170]
two propositions regarding, [572]-3
Persian wars, influence of, [67]
Persians, makers of history, [240]
Petavius (s.j.) and the idea of development in religion, [591], [592]
Döllinger's early study of, [379]
Döllinger's gratitude to, [393]
Morris of Exeter advised to read, [380]
Peter Martyr, death of Servetus approved by, [185]
Petrucci, communications of, forecasting the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [109]
mysticism of, [376]
Philip II., king of Spain, aid of, essential to crush French Huguenots, [104]
the St. Bartholomew massacre urged by, [116]-17
orders from, for slaughter of Alva's Huguenot prisoners, [142]
revolt against, of the Netherlands, [44]
Philo of Alexandria, Lucius's attacks on, [420]
on customs of the Essenes, [26]
Philosophers, doctrine of passive obedience, upheld by, [48]
schemes of, for ideal societies, why never realised, [270]-71
Piatti, apologist of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [148]
Piedmontese government and the Papacy, [368]-9
Pilgrim fathers, belief of, not influencing the American revolution, [584]-5
Pistoja, on treatment of heretics in Rome under Pius V., [138]
Pitra, influence of, in France, [404]
Pius IV., Pope, Bull Multiplices inter, published by, [520]-25
Pius V., Pope, blessing given by, to war against Huguenots, [141]
denunciatory letter from, to court of France, [110]
patron of Muzio, [214]-15
previous information of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew supplied to, [130]-31
strong anti-Protestant views of, [138]-9
on the peace of St. Germains, [105]
Pius VII., Pope, destruction of church of France by, [323]
influence on Döllinger, [402]
cited on Papal authority, [323]
Pius IX., Pope, alarm of dissenting bishops allayed by, [519]
Archbishop of Paris rebuked by, [526]
brief of, to the Archbishop of Munich, censuring Frohschammer, [481]-5
character of, described by Döllinger, [365]-6

confidence in the support of the bishops at the discussion of Papal infallibility, [523]-4
on Döllinger's Kirche und Kirchen, [415]
on the infallibility of the Pope, [496]
personal popularity of, [497]
quarrel with Russia, [493]
reform of excommunication laws, [531]
treatment of Döllinger, [411]
Vatican Council convened and prepared for by, [492]-511
obstinacy in management of Vatican Council, [532]
reforms of, [402]
refusal of permission to Theiner to publish acts of Council of Trent, [431]
and Vatican Council, Döllinger's estimate of, [431]
veneration of, spell broken by protesting bishops, [531]
Planck, Möhler's address to, [378]
Plantagenet, house of, claims backed by Rome against house of Bruce, [35]
Plantier, authority on Louis Philippe, [402]
Platen, diaries of, description of Döllinger's early studies in, [375]
Plato, Laws, [22]
on class interests, [69], [71]
opinions of, [71]
not without perverted notions of morality, [18]
Republic of, [270]
Plebeians, Roman, struggle with aristocracy, [13], [14]
Plotinus, ideal society of, [270]
Plutarch, religious knowledge of, [406]
[Poland], [105];
Anjou as candidate for throne of, [105];
prospects of, after the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [144]
an exception to common law of dynastic States, [274];
and why, [275];
the consequence, the partition, [275]
extinction of, [283]
government of, and the Reformation, [43]
partition of, awakening theory of nationality in Europe, [275]
religious toleration in sixteenth century, [103]
republic of, nature, [49]
Socinians in, Beza's hostility to, [146]
wrath in, at the Huguenot massacres, [120]
Pole, Cardinal, Il Principe brought to notice of, [214]
cited on political scruples, [219]
Polish exiles, why always champions of national movements, [286]
Protestants, strength and unity of, [103]
revolution, causes united in, [284]
Political corruption, Hamilton's paradox on, [581]
disorders, distribution supersedes concentration of power as remedy against, under Solon, [7]
equality at Athens, [68]
forms, confusion with popular rights, [238]
freedom inherently absent in France, [237]-40
habits and ideas special to particular nations, varying in the national history, [297]
intelligence, not culture, the test of a conquering race, [242]
liberty in modern times the fruit of self-government, [253]
life a sign of true patriotism, [293]
opposition to Vatican Council, absence of, [511]
power should be in proportion to public service, [8]
observance of this principle at Athens, [8]
principles, obligation of, essentials for understanding, [458]
science, America's rank in, its exponents, [578]
theory of nationality in contradiction with the historic notion, [243]
thoughts on the Church, [188]
Politics, attitude to, of the best Americans, [578]
conscience in, expedient elasticity of, [212]-14
contemporary, Döllinger's part in, [400]-403
honesty in, approved by great men, [219]-23;
not always expedient, [219]-21;
opinions of Pope Clement, [214];
Machiavelli, [212];
Michelet, [213];
Molino, [213];
Sarpi, [213];
Soto, [213]
laws of, rest on experience, [391]
liberty highest end of, [22], [23], [24]
Machiavellian, tribute to, [219]
principles of, high teaching regarding, in Plato's Laws and Aristotle's Polities, [22]
retribution in, [220]-23
science of, impartial study, unknown in seventeenth century, [43]-46;
impartial study originated by Grotius, [46]
Politics and science, authority of, now re-established, extent of, [453];
discoveries and principles of, how generally judged, [454]
Polygamy, attitude of reformers to, [159], [160]
Pontiac, price on head of, [213]
[Pope], the, and the court, Lamennais's distinction between, [464]-5
intervention of, between state and sovereign, [257]
Popes, the (Medicean), unofficial countenance of Machiavelli, [214]
Popular rights, confusion of political forms with, [238]
Population, masses of, not benefited by liberty of subject, [94]
relief of, aim of modern democracy, [95]
Porrette, Marguerite, [558], [568]
Portugal, lay representative of, on Vatican Council, [507]
Postel, [382]
Potomac, army of, [579]
Praetorius, [432]
Presbyterianism, democratic element in, [81], [82]
Döllinger's sketch of, [336]-7
Prescott, W., [569]
Press, freedom of, in Netherlands Republic inaugurated reign of law, [50]
Principles, false, place of, in social life of nations, [272]
political, obligation of, essentials for understanding, [458]
touchstone and watershed of, [454]
Principles and interests, relative importance of, [449]
Priscillian, fate of, Lea's view on, [572]
Property, liberty and connection between, [54]
Protagoras cited, [70]
Protestant authorities, use made of, by the Ultramontanes, [451]-2
Church government, agitation for reform in Prussia, [347]
establishment, its views on government, [260]
Reformers, see [Reformers]
"Protestant Theory, The, of Persecution," [150], & see [254], [255], [576]
involved in Luther's teaching, [164]
developed by Melanchthon, [164] et seq.
carried to an extreme by the Anabaptists, [172]
carried out by Calvin, [178];
and defended by Beza, [183]
continued in Massachusetts, [187]
characteristics of, [168]-70
failure of, [187]
Zwinglian varieties of, [174] et seq.
Protestantism, aversion of, to freedom, [240]
and the civil power, [150], [159], [161], [181]
decline of, in Northern Europe, Döllinger's description of, [342]-51
Döllinger's survey of, [302]-303
final acceptance by, of toleration, [187]
friendly feeling of Döllinger towards, [396]-7
growth of, [325]-52
and the later mediæval sects, essential difference between, [271]
never successful in France, [595]
toleration as, cause and effect of its decline, [255]
Protestants, the, see also[ Huguenots] and [Lutherans]
as cats' paws of France against Spain, [105]-16
ordinance of Louis XIV. against, and their action, [50]
position and apparent prospects of (1572), [102]
English, unanimity amongst, [189]
Polish, unity and strength among, [103]
Provincial massacres of Huguenots, [105]
Prussia, nationality shown in the opposition to Napoleon I., [281]
Prynne, on study of records, [393]
Pufendorf, expositor of Grotius' doctrines, [46]
Purgatory, release from (see[ Indulgences]), obtainable from the Pope, belief in, [495]
Puritans in America, intolerance of, [187]
Pusey, Dr., Döllinger's letters to, [395]-6
in favour of Vatican Council, [493]
Puygaillard, mission of, to ensure provincial massacres of Huguenots, [118] note, [119]
Pythagoras, an advocate of government by aristocracy, [21]
Quetelet, [589]
Quicherat and other authorities on Joan of Arc, [558]
Quinet, cause to which he attributes the breakdown of the French Revolution, [595]
Radowitz, Döllinger's debt to, [402]
potential liberality of, [414]
Rambler, The, [447]
Rambouillet, French Ambassador at Rome, [136]
Ranke, Leopold von, calm indifference of historical deductions of, [390]
estimate of Macaulay by, [391]
old age of, friendship with Döllinger, [396]
style of, admiration of Döllinger for, [393]
cited on judgment of time, [221];
on Luther's conservatism, [161];
on Machiavelli's merits, [228]
Rattazzi, impoverishing policy of, [509]
Raumer, source of historical work of, [386]
Rauscher, Cardinal, opponent of Papal infallibility, [532], [533], [535], [544]
Ravignan, [400]
Raymundus, Döllinger's opinion of works of, [382]
Raynaud, account of Machiavelli's death, [215]
Rebellion punished by death by the Church in the Middle Ages, [216]-19
Reformation, the, discredited by the Peasants' War, [155]
Döllinger on, [393]-7
early character of, [153]
effect of, on governments, [41], [42], [43]
[Reformers], Protestant, attitude of, to polygamy, [159], [160]
common origin of their views on State policy, [150]-51
intolerance of, exemplified, [184]
Saxon and Swiss, reason of their political differences, [173], [177]
on the treatment of heresy, [183]
views of, on Church and State, [181]
writings of, [150]
[Regicide] (see also [Assassination] and [Murder]) urged by mediæval Church to remove tyrants, [217]-18
Reid, [593]
Reisach, Cardinal, see [Munich], Archbishop of
Religion in relation to the American government, [584]-5
decay in belief of, among Greeks, [8]
development of, attitude to, of Bossuet, [591]
how it influences State policy, [150]
principles of, non-sectarian study of, unknown in seventeenth century, [45]-46
reconcilable to liberty, dispute on, [467]-9
toleration in, early advocates of, [52]
turned into engine of despotism after Reformation, [44]
true, definition of, [197]
differentiation of, from false, standards for, [449]
Religions, multiplicity of, danger from, limited, [250]
suppression of, due to danger from doctrine in pagan and mediæval times, [251];
only necessary when practice of, dangerous to State, [251]
Religious crime, civil jurisdiction over, Beza's views, [146]
disabilities, danger of, greater than multiplicity of religions, [250]
in Ireland made an engine of political oppression, [253]
intelligence and zeal, office of, [460]
liberty, defined, [151]-2
effect on, of State control, [151]-3
incompatibility of, with unity frequent, [252]
in Maryland, [187]
and political emancipation, connection of, not accidental, [292]
persecution and slavery, [64]
toleration, see [Toleration]
Renan, Ernest, commendation by, of dishonesty in politics, [225]
rank of, as writer in France, [417]
Renouvier, Flint's agreement with, [594]-5
Representation separability from taxation, origin of this principle in Middle Ages, [39]
in America, restrictions on, [579]
Representative assemblies, methods of strengthening, [97]
government, earliest proclamation and enactment of, [26]
not discussed in classical literature, [25], [26]
origin of, in Middle Ages, [39]
Republic, French (the first), its title and what it signified, [277]
Republic of 1848 (France), of what school the triumph, [590]
Republican views of Zwingli and Calvin, [42]
Republicanism of Athens, [68]
primitive, germ of Parliamentary government, [32]
true, defined, [277]
Republics, government by, good opinion of Louis Philippe as to, [56], [90]
of Poland and Venice, contrast between, [49]
Resistance, doctrine of, [54]
law of, as manifested in the American Revolution, [586]
[Restoration, French] (under Louis XVIII.), effects of, on Nationality, [282]
the true, that of 1688., [580]
Rettberg, [420]
Retz, Cardinal de, opposed to, yet ignorant of, Machiavelli's doctrines, [218]
cited on political adaptability, [219]
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, an inconsistency, [170];
not approved by Innocent XI., [147];
remarks on, [266]
Revolution, identity of, and difference from, passive obedience, [162]
one of the worst enemies of civil freedom, [300]
its most powerful auxiliary, present day, [276]
Protestantism favourable to, [181]
American—
not inspired by the belief of the Pilgrim Fathers, [584]-5
nothing of, in common with the French, [580]
spirit of, [580], [587]
supreme manifestation of the law of resistance, [586]
of 1848, double debt to, of Nationality, [287]
[the French]—
abolition by, of traces of national history, [278]
the (1789), causes leading up to, [85], [86], [87]
change produced by, how effected, [271];
consequences, [272]
characteristics peculiar to, roots far back in history, [280]
denounced by Burke, [219]
doctrines of, adversary of the old despotic policy, [276]
essential difference between it and others, [271]
injured by its religious policy, [86]
ethnological character of, [277], [278]
nothing in it in common with the American revolution, [580]
revival of a conquered race, [241]
no constructive idea given rise to by it, [241]
substance of its ideas, [280]
theory of equality disastrous to liberty, [88]
of 1688, "divine right of freeholders" established by, [54]
principles of, anticipated, [179]
statesmen of, represented as ancestors of modern liberty, [53]
Revolutionary leaders of 1789, ideas of, contrary to idea of Nationality, [281]
Revolutions, three phases of those subsequent to the Congress of Vienna, [284]-5
Rhode Island, State of, rise of, [187]
Richelieu, Cardinal, historical insight of, [409]
method of dealing with Protestants, its effect, [116]
on subjection of nation, [48]
cited on historical deductions based on success, [221]
Riehl, on abstract ideas and their power, [585]
Rimini, [559]
Rio, [432];
cited on Döllinger as a theologian, [399]
Ritschl, [389]
Robespierre, fate of, [401]
terrorism of, causes of production of, [262]
Robinson cited on progressive revelation, [592]
Rochelle, La, siege of, [113] note, [115], [118]
Roman conquest of Europe and its consequences, [277] et seq.
Romans, as makers of history, [240]
persecution of Christians by, reasons for, [196], [198]
[Rome], see also [Church], the conflicts with, [461]-91
attitude at, towards Döllinger, [410]-14
and the Church at variance, [516]-17
popularity of Machiavelli in, [214]
statesmen of, permeation of, with Greek ideas, [16]
Court of, reformation demanded by Strossmayer, [536]
religious power of, as the preservation of civilised Europe, Lea's view, [568]
and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, its complicity (believed in), [128], [131];
reception at, of the news of, [132], [134], [135]
result of Vatican Council, scorn of opposition, [544]
ties of English Catholics with, tightened by Wiseman, [438]
Wiseman's Address at, criticised by The Patrie, [439];
his reply and rebuttal of "covert insinuations" in The Home and Foreign Review, [439]-40;
reply of that publication, [440];
statement of facts concerning the Address, [444]
Emperors of, above legal restraint, [78], [79]
pleasure of, force of law possessed by, [31]
Empire of, creation of the Roman people, not by usurpation, [77], [78]
better services rendered by, to cause of liberty than by the Republic, [15]
seat of, transferred from Rome to Constantinople, [30]
heathen, persecution by, how justified, [186]
Republic of, conversion into monarchy by Julius Cæsar, [15]
influenced by precept and example, [13], [14]
ruined by its own vices, [74]
Roscher, intercourse of, with Döllinger, [403]
Rosmini, [381];
disciples of, [314]
Döllinger's pupils sent to, [381]
erudition of, [400]
Rossi, De, [431];
Döllinger's guide in Rome, [411]
on epistles of St. Ignatius, [419]
friendship with Cardinal Reisach, [501]
Rouen, clergy of, desirous of Huguenot extirpation, [142]

reluctance of Carouge to allow Huguenot massacre at, [119]
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, cause of his power as a political writer, [84]
definition of the social compact, [57]
effects of his teaching on Marat, [57], [58]
proclaimer of equality, [273]
vindication of natural society by, [263]
on true sense of country, [294]
Royalism, execution of Charles I., a triumph for, [51]
Royalty exalted into a religion (see also [Divine Right of Kings] and [Passive Obedience]), [47]
Ruinart, credulous criticism of, [420]
Rümelin, [589];
on political expediency, [222]
Russia, and its adoption of Greek Church, [333]-4
attitude of, to Vatican Council, [508]
quarrel of, with Pius IX., [493]
Russian nationality attacked by Napoleon I., [281]
Saccarelli, Döllinger's tribute to, [387]
"Sacerdotal Celibacy," [561];
and the Droit du Seigneur, [566]
Sacred College, the, attitude of, on the St. Bartholomew, [140]
Salviati's eminence at, [110]
Sadolet, Paul, cited, on massacre of Vaudois of Provence, [217]
Sailer, [402]
St. Augustine, cited, [197];
in praise of Seneca, [25]
St. Bartholomew, the Massacre of (see [Massacre of St, Bartholomew]), [44], [101];
not a crime of the people, [43]
St. Bernard, [434]
St. Brieuc, agreement with Gratry's views, [537]
St. Cyprian, intolerance a rule of life from the days of, Lea's view, [562]
St. Dominic as the First Inquisitor, [553];
so entitled by Sixtus V. [558]
attitude of, to heretics, [428], [554]
house of, at Toulouse, headquarters of the Inquisition, [552]
St. Elizabeth of Hungary, strange choice by, of a confessor, [570]
St. Francis of Assisi, Lea's view of, [569]
St. Germains, Peace of, advantages of, to French Huguenots, [105];
alarmist views on, of Salviati, [110]
St. Irenaeus, language of, which might be taken as Arian, [592]
St. Louis, Archbishop of, on the Immaculate Conception, [545]
on Papal Infallibility, [533], [545];
his protest against the doctrine, [499]
St. Martin, mysticism of, [376];
study of, by De Maistre, [377]
St. Pölten, Bishop of (Fessler), and the proposed discussion of Papal Infallibility at Vatican Council, [500]-501, [513]
reform urged by, [495]
Secretary of Vatican Council, [501]
St. Raymond and the Inquisition, [556]-7
St. Sulpice, Catechism of, Lea's deductions from, [570]
opposition of, to Lamennais's Ultramontanism, [463]
St. Thomas Aquinas, later exponent of Plato's Politics, [72]
cited on the relation of Kings to the People, [36], [37]
Sainte Beuve, C.A., cited on political fatalism, [221]
Ste. Hilaire, Barthélemy, cited on Machiavelli's politics, [219]
Salvianus on social virtues of pagans, [33]
Salviati, despatches of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [132], [133];
as utilised by Acton, and his predecessors, [102]
on the "spirit of a Christian," as shown by Charles IX. at the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [122]
on the true reason for the Navarre marriage, [135]
Samarra, the, [569]
San Callisto, Döllinger's visit to, [411]
San Germano, treaty of, [555]
San Marino, [386]
Santa Croce, Nuncio, information derived from, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [102];
on the plans framed at Bayonne against Huguenots, [108] & note, [108]-9
alleged report by, on the intended Huguenot massacre, [131]-2
Sarpi, Paolo, cited on political honesty, [213]
Savigny, [380];
influence of, on Döllinger, [376]
leading doctrines of, [594]
source of historical works of, [386]
Savonarola, Girolamo, [556]
Savoy, motto of its abortive rising in 1834., [286]
not surprised by the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [109]
Duke of, and the marriage of Coligny, [110]
Say, J.B., cited on political virtues, [219]
Schelling, [403]
estrangement of, from Döllinger, [381]
mythology of, [405]
cited on collective thought, [585]-6
Scherer, Edmond, cited on progress, [221]
Schlegel, H.W.F. von, classed as Ultramontane, [451]
studied by Döllinger, [375]
Schleiermacher, F.E.D., Döllinger on, [375]
Schmalkald, Confession of, on excommunication, [158]
Schomberg on Charles IX. and the provincial massacres, [120]
Schopenhauer, metaphysics of, Döllinger's love for, [381]
Schottmüller, [421], [574];
conclusions of, on the trial of the Templars, [563]
Schrader, Clement, reputation of, [502]
on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, [500]
Schwarzenberg, Cardinal, manager of German elections to Commission on Dogma, [529], [532]
Cardinal, opposition of, at Vatican Council, [525]-6
on Papal Infallibility, [544]
Schwenkfeld, Kaspar von, his doctrines condemned by Melanchthon, [167]
Science, demands of, on its students, [453]
liberty of, in the Church, [461]-91
liberty in, questioned through Frohschammer's excommunication, [477]
power of, to act upon religion, not foreseen in 1679., [595]
Science and religion, reconciliation of, [462];
denied by Frohschammer, [462];
accepted by Lamennais, [462]-3
Science, truth essential in, [449]
German, great services to intellectual liberty, [469]
religious, definition of, [389]
Scientific truth, certainty of essentials for understanding, [458]
Sclopis, Count, on character of Machiavelli, [226]
Scotland, Döllinger on Presbyterianism of, [337]
triumph of Reformation in, over the State, [43]
Scott, Hope, consulted by Döllinger, [395]
Sega, Bishop of Piacenza and Nuncio, attitude of, to murder for the glory of God, [139]
Self-government, faculty of, opposed to tradition of antiquity, [31]
in a great democracy, how alone preservable, [277];
that kind of, which constitutes true republicanism, [277]
modern political liberty the result of, [253]
Self-sacrifice, renovation of society on principles of, [58]
Seneca, his elevated sentiments praised by St. Augustine, [25]
religious knowledge of, [406]
views of, [73]
Sermoneta, [131]
Servetus, Michael, [430];
his condemnation approved by Melanchthon, [167];
and by other Reformers, [175], [184]-5;
defended by Calvin, [181]-2;
but not politically justified, [184]-5
Seward, W.H., on the rights sought by the revolting Americans, [587]
praise by, of Hamilton's statesmanship, [581]
Shakespeare, study of, Döllinger's motive for, [432]
Sherman, General, [579]
Sicily, the Inquisition in, 1224., [553]-4
Sickel, [422]
Sidney, Algernon, character of, [53]
slight knowledge of Machiavelli's works, [218]
Sieyès, [277];
council suggested by, [96]
doctrine of, [57]
Sigismund, King of Poland, Beza's advice to, on Socinianism, [146]
Sigonius, Döllinger's gratitude to, [393]
Simancas, annotations of, on Campeggio's commentary, [559]-60
Simpson, [432]
Sixtine Chapel, Vasari's paintings in, illustrative of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [135]
Sixtus V., Pope, attitude of, to the murder of the Guises, [121]-2
Döllinger's estimate of, [424]
St. Dominic entitled by, the First Inquisitor, [558]
a strong Pope, [138]
Slavery and democracy, [63]
Slavery, general extinction of, in Europe in Middle Ages, [39]
principle of, implicit opposition of Stoics to, [25], [26]
and practice of, rejected by Essenes, [26]
Slavonic races, [245]
stationary national character of, [241]
Smith, Adam, doctrine of, [57]
known in France, [219]
Smith, Goldwin, on the Catholic Church in Ireland, [259]
on history, success only attribute acknowledged by, [223]
Smith, Sir Thomas, on English attitude to the French, after the Huguenot massacres, [144] & note
Socialism, baneful alliance of, with democracy, [92], [93], [98]
and slavery, [63]
Societies, Epicurean notion that they are founded on contract for mutual protection, [18]
Society and government, association and correspondence of, [265]
Society of Jesus (see also[ Jesuits]), Arragonese influence in its constitution, [557]
Socinians, reason of their persecution, [169]
Socinus, partial advocate of toleration, [52]
Socrates, [406];
on democracy, [71]
death of, crowning act of guilt of Athenian government, [12]
method of, essentially democratic, [71]
records of, [409]
view of, on laws of country as sole guide of conduct, [18]
Solon, decentralisation of power advised by, to remedy social disorders, [7]
doctrine of, that political power should be commensurate with public service, [8]
influence of, on democracy, [66], [68]
revision of laws of Athens by, [6]
good results of his forethought in providing for revision of Athenian constitution, [7], [8]
Sophists, doctrine of, [70]
their ideas of utilitarianism, [17]
Sorbin, Confessor of Charles IX., and the Orleans massacres, [126];
his account of the death of Charles IX., [126]-7 & note
on premeditation of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [112]
Soto, on political conscience, [216]
cited on assassination as a political resource, [213]
Spain (see also[ Cadiz Constitution]), abortive monarchy of (1812), [89]
absolute monarchy in, due to appropriation of tribunal of Inquisition, [41]
designs against, of Charles IX., utilisation in, of the Protestants, [105], [116]
effect on, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [124], [143]
and the Inquisition, [152]
Montalembert's journey to, [425]
national character of rejection of French forces and ideas, [281]
Parliamentary system of, origin, [34]
reasons for persecution in, [170]
and representation on Vatican Council, [507]
view in, of the planned character of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [124]
Spinoza, advocate of passive obedience to the State, [48]
interpreter of Machiavelli, [228]
Spirit of the American Revolution, what it was, [587];
what it was not, [584]-5
Spondanus, Bishop, on Gregory XIII., reasons for permitting the Navarre marriage, [128]
Stahl, J., 589; injustice of Döllinger to, [391]
Stahr, A., cited on historical deductions, [221]
Stanley, Dean, considered Vatican Council important to all denominations, [493]
State, the (see also [Church and State]), authority of, excessive in ancient times, insufficient in Middle Ages, [4]
free constitution of, free action of Church a test of, [246]
limitations of its duties, [3]
and religious liberty, [151]-3
sole authority according to modern theory, [151]
sole care of the Absolutists, eighteenth century, [273]
State Church, its connection with the community, [260]
of Ireland, Goldwin Smith on, [259]
States, boundaries of, as coincident with Nationalities, J.S. Mill on, [285]
classic, taking from citizens more than they gave them. [17];
vice of, [16]
small, drawbacks of, [295]
States-General, the, and the Inquisition, [570]
Stein, [282]
Stenzel, G.A.H., cited on political expediency, [222]
Stephen, Leslie, cited on philosophy of history based on truth, [223]
Stewart, Dugald, praise of Machiavelli, [224]
Stoics, their emancipation of mankind from subjugation to despotic rule, [24]
their implied opposition to principle of slavery, [25], [26]
their teaching nearest approach to that of Christianity, [24], [25]
views of, [73]
Stolberg, classed as Ultramontane, [451]
Story, on Tocqueville's views of the American Constitution, [576]
cited on The Federalist, [581]
Strappado, the, [569]
Strasburg, Senate of, reluctance of, to act harshly to Catholics, [172]
Stratagemma, Lo, di Carlo IX., and its author, [129]
Strossmayer, Bishop (upon Turkish frontier), [548];
absence of, from vote on decree (involving acceptance of Infallibility), [543]
demand for reform made by, [536]
opposition of, at Vatican Council, [522]
protest of, to Vatican Council altered before presentation, harmony restored by, [542]
on authority of Vatican Council, [541]
on the dogmatic decree, [527], [533]
on ungenerous treatment of Protestants, [541]
Strozza, Philip, [113] note
Stuart, House of, misrule of, only temporarily foiled under Cromwell, [50]
upholders of supremacy of kingship over people, [47]
Suarez, revision of MS. of, in Rome, [428]
Suffrage, limitations of, effects of, [96]
restricted, not always a safeguard of monarchy, [2]
universal, of what school the triumph, [590]
Sunderland, [410]
Sura, Bishop of, [519]
Sweden, bishops of, and political assassinations, [217]
religion in, Döllinger on, [341]-2
working of Protestant theory of persecution in, [170]
Swift, Jonathan, [409]
Swiss, the, true nationality of, [294]-5
Constitution (1874), significant work of modern democracy, [91]
reformers, unlikenesses of, to the Saxons, [173]
Switzerland, see [Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium] and
Calvinism in, Döllinger on, [338]-9
Cantons of, influence in days preceding French Revolution, [50]
progress and success of democracy in, [91]
and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [120], [124]-5
Sybel, H. von, historical style of, [384]
cited on historical deduction, [221]
Sylla, invested with dangerous powers, [77]
Syllabus, the Archbishop of Paris led by, to urge moderation, [526]
the, designed to restore authority to the Church, [492]
opinions of Pius IX. collected in, [496]-8
opposition controlled by, [524]
Prince Hohenlohe opposed to discussing state maxims of, at Vatican Council, [503]-4
Symmachus, cited, [196]
Synods, Acts of, alleged tampering with, as affecting doctrine of Infallibility, [499]
Tacitus, confession of, respecting mixed constitutions, [20]
Taine, Henri, Döllinger's ambiguous praise of, [417]
influence of, on Döllinger, [434]
Talleyrand de Perigord, Charles Maurice, [100]
signs of sympathy with idea of nationality shown by, [282]-3
cited on Hamilton, [581]
Tapparelli, classed as Ultramontane, [451]
Taxation of American colonists, opposition of Lords Chatham and Camden to, [55]
exemption of clergy from, [34]
inseparable from representation, origin of this principle in Middle Ages, [39]
Taylor, Sir Henry, on necessity for political subtlety, [219]
Téligny and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [107]
Tempesti on Catherine de' Medici and the Massacre of St-Bartholomew, [148]
Templars, Döllinger's lecture on, [433]
trial of, Lea's conclusions on, [552], [563]
Temporal power of the Papacy, [312]-13, [352]-62, [367]-71, [412]-16, [422]-5
antagonism to, [315]-16
Döllinger on, [301]-74
Terror, the, see Reign of Terror
Tertullian, language of, which might be taken as Arian, [592]
Teutonic races, missionaries the channel of conversion to Christianity, [245]
union political more than religious, [244]
State and the Church, quarrel between, cause of revival of democracy, [80]
tribes, Christianity readily accepted by, [199]
Theiner, A., early views of, superseded, [429]
Life of Clement the Fourteenth, by, [411]
Permission to publish acts of Council of Trent, refused to, by the Pope, [431]
skill of, as editor, [421]
as source of information on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [102]
views of, on Jesuits not in agreement with Döllinger, [411]-12
Theognis on domination of oligarchies, [6]
Theology in Germany, unique and scientific, [317], [347]-51, [376], [471]-82
schools of, at Munich, [375], and Tübingen, [376]
Theramenes as statesman, [70]
Thiers, Adolphe, opinion of Machiavelli's works, [227]
Thou, De, and the charge against the Bordeaux clergy, [127] note
on the Navarre marriage, [128]
reproached for condemning Huguenot massacres, [147]
Thucydides on reformed government at Athens, [12]
Tocqueville, [400];
indictment brought by, against democracy, [93]
influence of, on Döllinger's politics, [414]
on the inspiration of the American Revolution, [584]
on the need for two chambers in a Senate, [575]-6
cited on the American federal constitution, [576]
on democracy and absolute government, [239]
Toledo, Councils of, framework of Parliamentary system of Spain, [34]
[Toleration], advocacy of, by William Penn, [84]
of Anabaptists, varying views of Reformers on, [157], [164], [176]
anonymous tract on, against Calvin, [182]
Calvinism a danger to, [180]
cause and effect of decline of Protestantism, [255]
early attitude of Reformers towards, [153]-55, [168]
in the early church, [186]
Edict of, deceitful, of Charles IX., [117]
Maryland an example of, [187]
as a political principle, reasons for and against, [252]
religious, in Poland, [103]
forced upon Protestantism, [187]
Protestant theory of, [151]
and religious liberty, [152]
traditional, attitude to, of Lea, [562]
views of Beza on, [146]
Tommasini, praise of Machiavelli, [226]
Torquemada, [569]
Tosti, on Papal Liberty, [313]
on Temporal Power, [412]
Toulouse, and the Albigenses, [556]
Count of, and the Council of Arles, [565]
Treitschke, cited on Political Morality, [222]
Trent Commissioners and prohibited works, [215]
[Trent, Council of], [111], [175]
intolerance of, reformed by Vatican Council, [493]-4
spirit of, [138]
Treviso (province), story of, [387]
Tridentine Reformation, see [Trent], Council of
Tronchin, on Voltaire's death, [215]
Tübingen, heresies of, [381]
school of positive theology at, [376], [377]
Turgot, attempted reforms of, [85]
cited on political expediency, [220]
views of, on single or double form of Legislature, [576]
Turin, Court of, policy of, [445]
Turks, Charles IX.'s pourparlers with, [104]
Twesten, cited in support of Machiavelli's policy, [229]
Tyrol, movement in, against Napoleonic institutions, a national one, [281]
Ultramontane school, eminent writers of, two peculiarities of, [451]
supersession of, [452]
Ultramontanism, see also Döllinger extreme, considered to be keystone of the Church, by Lamennais, [462]-3
United States, see [America]
Unity, aimed at, by English Catholics, [438]
change of constitution effected by, in Italy and Germany, [225]
of faith in France, enforcement of, aim of the Court, [117]
liberty sacrificed to, by Machiavelli, [229]
in relation to nationality, [287], [289]
and religious liberty, incompatibility of, frequent, [252]
necessity for, in Church and State, [252]
religious, in relation to religious freedom, [152]
Universal suffrage, of what school the triumph, [590]
University of Paris and the Inquisition, [570]
Ussher, Archbishop, advocate of passive obedience to kings, [47]
Utilitarianism in classical ages, [17]
Utrecht Psalter, story of, [551]
Vaissète, [565]
Valois, Margaret of, see [Navarre, Queen of]
Vasari, paintings by, in the Sixtine Chapel, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [135]
Vatican Council, [431], [492]-550
constitution of, [501]-11
convened by Pius IX., [492];
approbation of Pius IX.'s action in convening, [492]-511
decree of, dissatisfaction with, [531]
discussion on validity of dicta of, [548]
Infallibility, doctrine of, its victory over opposition, [543]
letter from German bishops to, on doctrinal points, [517]
methods of, reformed to involve admission of Papal Infallibility, [539]
opening of, [511]
opposition at, [492]-511, [525]-9
preparations for, [492]-511
proceedings of, [527]-50
programme of, discussed in The Reform of the Church in its Head and Members, [494]-6
representation on:—
by Belgium, [507]
by England, [506]
by France, [504]
by Germany, [505]
by Italy, [508]
by Portugal, [507]
by Spain, [507]
Strossmayer prevented by, from protesting, [541]
Vaticinia Pontificum, Lea's knowledge of, [560]
Vauban, Marshal, [48]
Vaudois, the, of Provence, extermination of, by Louis XII., [217]
Vavasour, Sir Edward, acquaintance of, with Döllinger, [388]
Venice, extinction of, as State, [283]
not surprised by the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [109];
the event celebrated at, [125]
and political murders, [213], [214]
withdrawal of, from the League, [105], [107]
republic of, nature, [49]
Vergennes, cited on political judgment, [227]
Vergniaud, on the laws in relation to the will of the people, [276]
Verona, centre of historical work, [387]
Vespucci, [562]
Veuillot, Louis, Döllinger on, [428]
and the Droit du Seigneur, [566]
Montalembert, cited on, [428]
Vico, [590]
Vienna, Congress of, dynastic interests predominant at, [282]-3
effects of, on ideas of nationality, [283]
Vienne, Inquisition at, and Servetus, [184]
Villari, admiration of Machiavelli, [226]
Vinet, [591]
Virginia and Maryland, [187]
Visconti family, models for Machiavelli, [212]
Vitae Paparum Avenionensium, utilised by Lea and others, [559]
Vives, toleration taught by, [570]
Voltaire, profane criticism of, [218]
Waldenses, analogy of Arnold of Brescia with, [559]
why they opposed persecution, [563]
Waldus, [558]
Walpole, Horace, cited on political scruples, [219]
Walsingham, English ambassador in France, his reports on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [101], [107], [115]-16
condemnation by French Catholics as a whole, [143]
War, art of, no national feeling in, till after 1789., [274]
of Deliverance, new forces evoked by, [282]
of 1859, troubles of the Papacy after, [412]-14
Wars of religion, end of, [274]
Washington, George, [579]
political example of, [586]
Waterloo, [282]
Webster, [584]
Weingarten on St. Anthony's life and origin of monasticism, [420]
Wesel, English Calvinists at, [170]
Wesley, John, Döllinger's tribute to, [395]
Westminster, Archbishop of, at Council of Bishops, 1867., [500]
on Papal Infallibility, [528]
Westphalia, Peace of, and Roman ambition, [323], [324]
Whigs, English, and their continental counterparts, attitude of, after Waterloo, [282]
Wilberforce, Archdeacon, Döllinger consulted by, [395]
Samuel, Bishop of Winchester, story of, [551]
Wilkins, [421]
[Will or sovereignty], the, of the people (see also Democracy), as criterion of right, [271];
as above the law, [276];
idea of, the parent of idea of nationality, [277]
theory of nationality involved in, [287]
William III., King of England, and massacre of Glencoe, [218], [410]
Windelband, cited on national government, [227]
Windischmann (elder), Döllinger's esteem for, [381]
public indifference to, [430]
Winkelmann on the Inquisition, [426]
Wirtemberg, left by Möhler, after publication of Symbolik, [377]
Duke of, and the Huguenot refugees, [145]
Wiseman, Cardinal, [424], [436]
Döllinger consulted by, on mediæval authorities, [390]-91
influence of, on the Church of England, and on the Oxford movement, [437]-8
literary standing of, [437], [438]
position of, universal and local in Catholicism, [437]
relations of, with English Catholics, [437], [438]
view of, on English theology, [380]
work of, at Oscott, [438]
on the "covert insinuations" of the Home and Foreign Review, [439]-40;
the editor's defence of that publication, [440] et seq.
Witt, De, murder of, [410]
Wittelsbach, house of, contests of the Empire in the, [275]
Würzburg, Bishop of, reform urged by, [495]
(city) Döllinger and Platen at, [375]
Wycliffe, John, difference between his teaching and Luther's, [271]
Ximenes, Cardinal, and the Inquisition, [570]
Young Europe, Mazzini's evolution of Young Italy, [286]
Young Italy and Mazzini, [286]
Zanchini, an Inquisitor, leading authority of the fourteenth century, [559];
cited by Lea, [560]
Zeller, cited on Anti-Machiavel policy in Prussia, [227]
Zimmerman, Wilhelm, and Machiavelli's policy, [227]
Zuñiga, Juan and Diego, [123]
denunciation by, of French treachery even to heretics, etc., [144]
Zürich, the question of toleration in, [174], [175]
Zwickau, Saxony, prophets of, Melanchthon's attitude towards, [164]
Zwingli, Ulrich, influence of, on politics, [81];
influence of environment on him, [173], [177]
theory of government, including persecution, [173]-4
republican views of, [42]
Zwinglian schism, influence of, on Luther, [155]
Zwinglians, the, condemned by Melanchthon, [167], [170] note

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