Critical and Historical Essays, Volume III (of 3)

by Baron Thomas Babington Macaulay Macaulay

INDEX TO THE ESSAYS

• A priori reasoning, defects of, i. 385.
  • Absolute uselessness of in political science, 394.
• Abbé and Abbot, difference between, ii. 129.
• Absalom and Achitophel, Dryden's, i. 231.
• Academy, the, character of its doctrines, ii. 450.
• Addison, Joseph, birth and education, iii. [400].
  • Life at Magdalen College, [401].
  • Knowledge of the Latin poets, [402].
  • Poems of, [406].
  • Complimented by Dryden, [408].
  • Drawn into political life by Charles Montague, [409].
  • Pensioned and sent abroad to study, [411].
  • Introduced to Boileau, [413].
  • Travels in Italy, [416].
  • Loses his pension, [422].
  • Returns to England through Germany, [423].
  • Writes The Campaign, [426].
  • Publishes his Narrative of Travels in Italy, [430].
  • Opera of Rosamond, [431].
  • Not fitted for prominence in Parliament, [433].
  • Conversational gifts, [436].
  • His timidity, [437].
  • His friends, [438].
  • Goes to Ireland as Chief Secretary, [441].
  • Contributes to the Tatler, [443].
  • His humor compared to that of Swift and Voltaire, [445].
  • Value of his essays in elevating literary taste, [447].
  • Dismissed from office, [450].
  • Enters Parliament again, [451].
  • His Spectator papers, [454].
  • Contributes to the Guardian; his tragedy of Cato, [457].
  • Again Chief Secretary of Ireland, [465].
  • Friendship with Swift, [466].
  • His comedy The Drummer played; starts the Freeholder, [467].
  • His quarrel with Pope, [469].
  • Accused of retaliating on Pope, [474].
  • Marries the Dowager Countess of Warwick, [476].
  • Becomes Secretary of State, [477].
  • His troubles with Steele, [479].
  • Answers Steele's arguments against the bill for limiting the number of the Peers, [481].
  • Dedicates his works to Craggs, [482].
  • His piety, [483].
  • Death, [484].
  • His services to literature, [486].
• Addison, Rev. Lancelot, life, iii. [399].
• Adiaphorists, the, ii. 68.
• Æschylus, Quintilian's opinion of, i. 42.
  • His use of the supernatural, 106.
• Afghanistan, monarchy of, analogous to that of England in the sixteenth century, ii. 80.
• Aikin, Lucy, her life of Addison reviewed, iii. [396].
• Aix, island of, captured, ii. 276.
• Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, iii. [270].
• Akenside, his Epistle to Curio, ii. 222.
• Albigensian Crusade, iii. [9-11].
• Alexander the Great, compared with Clive, ii. 760.
• Alfieri, Vittorio, first to appreciate Dante, i. 6.
  • Influenced by the school of Plutarch, 256.
  • Comparable to Cowper, 591.
• Alphabetical writing, the greatest of human inventions, ii. 460.
  • Comparative views of its value by Plato and Bacon, 460, 461.
• Anabaptists, their origin, ii. 72.
• Anacharsis, reputed contriver of the potter's wheel, ii. 447.
• Anaverdy Khan, governor of the Carnatic, ii. 685.
• Angria, his fortress of Gheriah, reduced by Clive, ii. 700.
• Anne, Queen, her political and religious inclinations as Queen, ii. 176.
  • Changes in her government in 1710, 177.
  • Relative estimation by the Whigs and the Tories of her reign, 178-186.
• Annus Mirabilis, Dryden's, i. 215.
• Anytus, first briber of Athenian judges, ii. 431.
• Apostolical succession, claimed by Mr. Gladstone for the Church of England, ii. 645.
• Aquinas, Thomas, ii. 482.
• Archimedes, his slight estimate of his inventions, ii. 457.
• Archytas, rebuked by Plato, ii. 457.
• Arcot; Nabob of, his relations with England, ii. 685-692.
  • His claims recognized by the English, 687.
• Argyle, Duke of, secedes from Walpole's administration, ii. 241.
• Ariosto, rises above Petrarch's influence, i. 5.
• Aristotle, his unrivalled excellence in analysis and combination, i. 40.
  • Value of his general propositions, 41.
  • His enlightened and profound criticism, 41.
  • His authority impaired by the Reformation, ii. 454.
• Arithmetic, comparative estimate of, by Plato and by Bacon, ii. 456.
• Arlington, Henry Bennet, Lord, his character, ii. 523.
  • His coldness for the Triple Alliance, 530.
  • His impeachment, 546.
• Arragon and Castile, their old institutions favorable to public liberty, ii. 137.
• Arrian, authenticity his only merit as an historian, i. 251.
• Art, rise of, in Italy, i. 148.
  • Need of skill for perfection in, 200.
• Art of War, Machiavelli's, i. 175.
• Arundel, Earl of, ii. 443.
• Asaph-ul-Dowlah, prince of Oude, taxed by Hastings, iii. [188].
  • Agrees to plunder the Begums, [189].
  • Method used, [191].
• Assemblies, deliberative, ii. 273.
• Astronomy, comparative estimate of, by Socrates and by Bacon, ii. 459.
• Athenian Orators, On the, i. 40-55.
• Athenians, oratory unequalled, i. 45.
  • Their taste and knowledge, 46.
  • Method of education, 47.
• Athens, eloquence at, i. 51.
  • Progress of her oratory kept pace with her decay, 52.
  • Ostracism at, 64.
  • Her freedom and happiness, 68.
  • Cruelty excusable, 69.
  • Evil of slavery, 71.
  • Permanent effect of her intellectual power, 80.
• Attainder, act of, ii. 39, 40.
• Aubrey, charges Bacon with corruption, ii. 425.
  • Bacon's decision against him after his present, 440.
• Aurungzebe, his policy, iii. [680].

• Baber, founder of the Mogul Empire, iii. [679].
• Bacon, Lady, mother of Francis Bacon, ii. 368.
• Bacon, Francis, review of Basil Montagu's new edition of his works, ii. 357-497.
  • His father, 362-368.
  • His mother distinguished as a linguist, 368.
  • His early years, 371-374.
  • His services refused by Government, 374, 375.
  • His admission at Gray's Inn, 375.
  • His legal attainments, 375, 376.
  • Sat in Parliament in 1593, 377.
  • Part he took in politics, 378.
  • His friendship with the Earl of Essex, 382-389.
  • Examination of his conduct to Essex, 390-397.
  • Influence of King James on his fortunes, 399.
  • His servility to Lord Southampton, 400.
  • Influence his talents had with the public, 400.
  • His distinction in Parliament and in the courts of law, 402.
  • His literary and philosophical works, 402.
  • His "Novum Organum," and the admiration it excited, 403.
  • His work of reducing and recompiling the laws of England, 403.
  • His tampering with the judges on the trial of Peacham, 404-408.
  • Attaches himself to Buckingham, 410.
  • His appointment as Lord Keeper, 413.
  • His share in the vices of the administration, 414.
  • His animosity towards Sir Edward Coke, 419.
  • His town and country residences, 420, 421.
  • His titles of Baron Verulam and Viscount St. Albans, 421, 422.
  • Report against him of the Committee on the Courts of Justice, 424.
  • Nature of the charges, 425.
  • Overwhelming evidence to them, 426, 427.
  • His admission of his guilt, 427.
  • His sentence, 428.
  • Examination of Mr. Montagu's arguments in his defence, 429-440.
  • Mode in which he spent the last years of his life, 441, 442.
  • His death, 443.
  • Chief peculiarity of his philosophy, 444-455.
  • His views compared with those of Plato, 456-465.
  • To what his wide and durable fame is chiefly owing, 469.
  • His frequent treatment of moral subjects, 472.
  • His views as a theologian, 474.
  • Vulgar notion of him as inventor of the inductive method, 475.
  • Estimate of his analysis of that method, 475-484.
  • Union of audacity and sobriety in his temper, 484.
  • His amplitude of comprehension, 485.
  • His freedom from the spirit of controversy, 487.
  • His eloquence, wit, and similitudes, 487, 488.
  • His disciplined imagination, 490.
  • His boldness and originality, 491.
  • Unusual order in the development of his faculties, 492.
  • Specimens of his two styles, 493.
  • Value of his Essays, 494.
  • His greatest performance the first book of the Novum Organum, 495.
  • Contemplation of his life, 496, 497.
• Bacon, Sir Nicholas, ii. 362-368.
  • Character of the class of statesmen to which he belonged, 363.
  • Classical acquirements of his wife, 368.
• Baconian philosophy, its chief peculiarity, ii. 444.
  • Its essential spirit, 448.
  • Its method and object, 455, 456.
  • Comparative views of Bacon and Plato, 456-465.
  • Its beneficent spirit, 462, 465, 468, 469.
  • Its value compared with ancient philosophy, 465-478.
• Banim, Mr., defends James II. as a supporter of toleration, ii. 330.
• Barcelona, captured by Peterborough, ii. 161-164.
• Barère, Bertrand, Mémoires de, reviewed, iii. [487-590].
  • Approached nearest to the idea of universal depravity, [489].
  • His natural disposition, [490].
  • Greatest liar known, [493].
  • His false account of Marie Antoinette's death, [494].
  • Of the proceedings against the Girondists, [497].
  • Birth and education, [499].
  • Marriage, [500].
  • First visit to Paris, [501].
  • Elected to the States General, [502].
  • Position there, [503].
  • Becomes a justice, [507].
  • Chosen to the second convention, [510].
  • At first a Girondist, [515].
  • Accused of royalist sympathies, [518].
  • A federalist, [520].
  • Opposes the Jacobins, [521].
  • On the Committee of Public Safety, [522].
  • Supports the Girondists against the Paris authorities, [523].
  • Feeling of parties toward, [526].
  • Goes over to the Jacobins and accuses the prominent Girondists, [527].
  • Raves against Marie Antoinette, [528].
  • Style of oratory, [529].
  • His bloodthirsty ferocity, [539].
  • Sensual excesses, [541].
  • His delight in murder, [543].
  • Urges war without quarter, [546].
  • Admitted to the Jacobin club, [547].
  • Urges the strengthening of the Revolutionary Tribunal, [553].
  • Deserts Robespierre, [554].
  • Attacked in the convention, [559].
  • Arrested, [561].
  • Enmity shown him on his way to the prison at Oléron, [563].
  • Escapes, [564].
  • The Council of Five Hundred refuses to seat him, [565].
  • Scorned but employed by Bonaparte, [568].
  • Perhaps employed as a censor, [571].
  • His rôle of spy, [573].
  • Reports on public opinion, [575].
  • His newspaper, [576].
  • His reports refused a reading, [579].
  • His double treason, [580].
  • Becomes a royalist in 1814, [580].
  • Exiled, [582].
  • Turns Jacobin under Louis Philippe, [583].
  • His ignorance and hatred of the English, [587].
  • His professions of Christianity, [589].
• Barillon, M., French ambassador, his opinion of the council proposed by Sir William Temple, ii. 556, 564.
• Barwell, Mr., made councillor in India, iii. [144].
  • Supports Hastings, [148].
• Baxter, Richard, his testimony to the excellence of Hampden, ii. 4.
• Beatrice, Dante's devotion to, i. 11.
• Beaumarchais, his suit before the Parliament of Paris, ii. 440, 441.
• Bedford, Duke of, head of a Whig faction, iii. [600].
  • Opposed to Pitt's war policy, [613].
  • His party compared to Rockingham's, [654].
• Bedford, Earl of, invited by Charles I. to form an administration, ii. 40.
• Bellasys, General, ii. 156.
• Belphegor, Machiavelli's, i. 168.
• Benares, its wealth, iii. [178], [179].
  • Relation of the English to, [180].
  • Revolution in, on the arrest of Cheyte Sing, [185].
  • Conquered and added to British dominion, [187].
• Benevolences, Oliver St. John's opposition to, and Bacon's support of, ii. 403.
• Bengal, its resources, ii. 700, 701.
  • Internal government of, iii. [127-129].
  • Competition for minister-ship, [129].
  • Character of its people, [130].
  • Hastings gains control of, [134].
• Bentham, Jeremy, his character, i. 424.
  • His defence of James Mill, 425.
  • His argument over despotism, 426.
  • Refuted, 427.
  • His condemnation of the theory of saturation met, 430.
  • His evasion of the power of public opinion displayed, 432.
  • Charges the "Edinburgh Review" with evasion, 435.
  • On Woman Suffrage, 438.
  • On the poor plundering the rich, 439.
  • Defence of a theory of government founded on certain propensities of human nature, 442.
  • Refutation of the same, 445.
  • His "greatest happiness principle," 448.
  • His authorship of the defence of Mill denied, 458.
  • His greatness; his literary partnership with Dumont, ii. 96-98.
  • On the French Revolution, 294.
• Bentinck, Lord William, his memory cherished by the Hindoos, ii. 762.
• Bentivoglio, Cardinal, on the state of religion in England in the sixteenth century, ii. 84.
• Bentley, Richard, his quarrel with Boyle, and remarks on Temple's Essay on the Letters of Phalaris, ii. 593-595.
• Berwick, Duke of, checks the allies, ii. 158.
  • His retreat before Galway, 166.
• Bible, the English, its excellence, i. 210.
• Bishops, claims of those of the Church of England to apostolical succession, ii. 246.
• Black Hole of Calcutta, described, ii. 704.
  • Retribution of the English for its horrors, 706, 710, 712-715.
• Blackstone, Sir William, ii. 356.
• Bodley, Sir Thomas, ii. 403, 443.
• Boileau, Nicolas, introduced to Addison, iii. [413].
  • His contempt for modern Latin poetry, [414].
• Bolingbroke, Lord, proposes to strengthen the royal prerogative, ii. 211.
  • His method of reform, iii. [610].
• Bonaparte, Napoleon, becomes first consol, iii. [566].
  • His scorn of Barère, [568].
  • Employs Barère as a writer and a spy, [569].
  • His opinion of Barère as a writer, [577].
  • Refuses to accept his reports, [579].
• Book of the Church, Southey's, i. 500.
• Borgia, Cæsar, his triumph and failure, i. 170.
• Boroughs, rotten, abolition of, ii. 220.
• Boswell, James, his life of Johnson, ii. 691.
  • His work expurgated by Croker, 707.
  • And interpolated with extracts from other authors, 708.
  • His mean character, 711.
  • Lack of talent, 714.
  • Not ill-natured, 716.
• Bourbon, House of, its vicissitudes in Spain, ii. 148-175.
• Boyle, Charles, nominal editor of the Letters of Phalaris, ii. 236, 237.
  • "Boys," the, oppose Sir R. Walpole, ii. 216, 252.
• Brahmin, fable of a pious, i. 546.
• Breda, treaty of, ii. 527.
• Brihuega, siege of, ii. 174.
• "Broad Bottom Administration, The," ii. 255.
• Brown's Estimate, ii. 266.
• Brussels, seat of a viceregal court, ii. 526.
• Buchanan, character of his writings, ii. 455.
• Buckingham, Duke of, the "Steenie" of James I., ii. 14.
  • Bacon's early discernment of his influence, 410.
  • His expedition to Spain, 411.
  • His return for Bacon's patronage, 412.
  • His corruption, 415.
  • His character and position, 415, 420.
  • His marriage, 423, 424.
  • His visit to Bacon, and report of his condition, 426.
• Budgell, Eustace, a relation of Addison, iii. [458].
• Bunyan, John, Southey's life reviewed, i. 743-758.
  • His Pilgrim's Progress, 745-749.
  • An excitable man in an age of excitement, 751.
  • Not vicious, 752.
  • His internal conflicts, 753.
  • Style delightful. 757.
• Burgoyne, General, chairman of the committee of inquiry on Lord Clive, ii. 756.
• Burgundy, Louis, Duke of, ii. 116, 117.
• Burke, Edmund, his imagination and sensibility, i. 497.
  • His opinion on the war with Spain, ii. 252.
  • Development of his mental powers, 492.
  • Effect of his speeches on the House of Commons, 601.
  • Investigates Indian affairs, iii. [194].
  • His vehemence against Hastings, [210].
  • Knowledge of India, [211].
  • Begins the impeachment of Hastings, [214].
  • Chairman of the impeachment committee, [221].
  • His opening speech at the trial, [227].
  • Attempts to force him to relinquish the prosecution, [231].
• Burleigh, William Cecil, Lord, review of Rev. Dr. Nares's memoirs of, ii. 63-94.
  • His early life and character, 65-70.
  • His death, 70.
  • Importance of the times in which he lived, 71.
  • The great stain on his character, 89.
  • His conduct towards Bacon, 374-376, 383.
  • His apology for having resorted to torture, 407.
  • Bacon's letter to him upon the department of knowledge he had chosen, 486.
• Burnet, Bishop, on Sir William Temple, ii. 597.
• Burney, Dr. Charles, parentage, iii. [334].
  • Society in his home, [337].
  • Urges his daughter to accept the Queen's offer, [361].
  • Consents at last to her retirement, [374].
• Burney, Fanny. See D'Arblay, Madame.
• Bussy, his conduct in India, ii. 695.
• Bute, Earl of, influence over George III., iii. [606].
  • Character, [607].
  • His kind of Toryism, [608].
  • Brought into the government, [611].
  • Becomes Secretary of State, [618].
  • Error of dismissing Newcastle, [621].
  • Detested on several grounds, [626].
  • Resigns, [635].
  • His career, [636].
• Byng, Admiral, was he a martyr to political party? i. 696.
  • His failure at Minorca, ii. 266.
  • His trial, 269.
  • Opinion of his conduct, 269.
  • Chatham's defence of, 270.
• Byron, Lord, Moore's Life of, i. 569.
  • His character and surroundings unfortunate, 571.
  • Petted and persecuted, 572.
  • Condemned unheard, 575.
  • His excesses in Italy, 577.
  • Goes to Greece and dies, 579.
  • Lot cast in a literary revolution, 580.
  • Largely contributed to the emancipation of literature, though naturally a reactionary, 594.
  • A creature of his age, 596.
  • The reverse of a great dramatist, 597.
  • Lacked diversity in characterization, 600.
  • Tendency to soliloquy, 600.
  • Lack of dramatic effect, 601.
  • Excelled in description, 602.
  • His morbidness, 603.
  • Influence largely due to his egotism, 605.
  • His popularity among young readers, 605.
• Byron, Lady, quarrel with her husband, i. 573.

• Cabal, the, its designs, ii. 538, 544, 548, 549.
• Cadiz, exploit of Essex at the siege of, ii. 156, 385.
  • Pillaged by the British, 157.
• Cæsar, Claudius, resemblance of James I. to, ii. 12.
• Cæsars, the, parallel between them and the Tudors, not applicable, ii. 81.
• Cæsar's Commentaries, i. 259.
  • Calcutta, its position on the Hoogley, ii. 702.
  • Scene of the Black Hole of, 704.
  • Resentment of the English at its fall, 766.
  • Again threatened by Surajah Dowlah, 709.
  • Revival of its prosperity, 720.
  • Its sufferings during the famine, 750.
• Cambridge, University of, superior to Oxford in intellectual activity, ii. 364.
  • Disturbed by the Civil War. 510.
• Cambyses, punishes a corrupt judge, ii. 434.
• Campaign, The, Addison's, iii. [426-430].
• Canada, subjugated by the British, ii. 277.
• Cape Breton, reduction of, ii. 276.
• Carlisle, Lady, warns Pym, ii. 46.
• Carnatic, the, resources of, ii. 685.
• Carnot, Hippolyte, editor of Barère's Memoirs, iii. [487].
  • Blamable for misstatements in the Memoirs, [494].
  • Finds two virtues in Barère, [586].
• Carteret, Lord (afterwards Earl Granville), his ascendency after the fall of Walpole, ii. 223.
  • Sir Horace Walpole's stories about him, 226.
  • His defection from Sir Robert Walpole, 239.
  • Succeeds Walpole, 254.
  • Created Earl Granville, 255.
• Carthagena, surrender of the arsenal and ships of, to the Allies, ii. 167.
• Cary, Rev. Henry Francis, translator of Dante, i. 12. 22.
• Casti, his Animali Parlanti characterized, i. 6.
• Castile, Admiral of, ii. 157.
• Castile and Arragon, their old institutions favorable to public liberty, ii. 137.
• Castilians, their character in the sixteenth century, ii. 133.
  • Their conduct in the War of the Succession, 168.
• Castracani, Castruccio, Machiavelli's life of, i. 183.
• Catholics, persecution of, under Elizabeth, unjustifiable, i. 291.
  • Not necessarily opposed to her, 293.
  • Southey's hostility towards, 530.
  • Former treatment of, compared with present condition of Jews, 651.
  • Their earnestness against Protestantism, iii. [27].
  • See also Rome, Church of.
• Catiline, his plot unwarrantably condemned, i. 260.
• Cato. Addison's, iii. [457].
• Cavendish, Lord, in the new council of Sir William Temple, ii. 567.
  • Retires, 581.
• Cecil, Robert, rival of Francis Bacon, ii. 374, 375, 383.
  • Fear and envy of Essex, 380.
  • Increase of his dislike for Bacon, 382.
  • Conversation with Essex, 383.
  • His interference to obtain knighthood for Bacon, 399.
• Cecilia, Fanny Burney's, iii. [355].
  • Change of style apparent in, [388].
• Censorship, ii. 351.
• Cervantes, i. 193; ii. 134, 359.
• Chalmers, Dr., his defence of the Church, ii. 605.
• Champion, Colonel, sent to help Sujah Dowlah against the Rohillas, iii. [141].
• Chandernagore, French settlement on the Hoogley, ii. 701.
  • Captured by the English, 709, 710.
• Charles, Archduke, his claim to the Spanish crown, ii. 140.
  • Takes the field in support of it, 158.
  • Accompanies Peterborough in his expedition, 161.
  • His success in the northeast of Spain, 165.
  • Is proclaimed king at Madrid, 167.
  • His reverses and retreat, 170.
  • His reëntry into Madrid, 173.
  • Concludes a peace, 177.
  • Forms an alliance with Philip of Spain, 183.
• Charles I., justification of the Great Rebellion against, i. 112 et seq.
  • Charges against him upheld, 117.
  • His execution an error, 122, 341.
  • His conduct toward Strafford, 315.
  • His early mistakes, 317.
  • Attempts to seize the five members, 318.
  • His deceit toward the Commons, 320.
  • Uses force unsuccessfully, 321.
  • Loses the loyalty of his people, 322.
  • Attempted absolute monarchy, 327.
  • Clings to the control of the army, 333.
  • Falls into the hands of the army, 340.
  • Inconsistent attitude toward the Established Church, 344.
  • Hampden's opposition to him and its consequences, ii. 16, 27-20.
  • Resistance of the Scots to him, 30.
  • His increasing difficulties, 35.
  • His conduct, towards the House of Commons, 44-49.
  • His flight, 50.
  • Review of his conduct and treatment, 51-55.
  • Reaction in his favor during the Long Parliament, 326.
  • Cause of his political blunders, 422.
  • Effect of the victory over him on the national character, 503, 504.
• Charles II., his unfitness for the English throne, i. 211.
  • Disgrace of his reign, 353.
  • Licentiousness of his court, 358.
  • Pecuniary transactions in a measure excusable, 363.
  • Lack of national feeling under, 365.
  • His situation in 1660 contrasted with that of Louis XVIII., ii. 310, 311.
  • His character, 317-319, 524, 538, 568.
  • His position towards the king of France, 322.
  • Consequences of his levity and apathy, 325.
  • His court compared with that of his father, 523.
  • His extravagance, 526.
  • His subserviency to France, 530, 535, 536.
  • His renunciation of the dispensing power, 547.
  • His relations with Temple, 548-553, 583.
  • His system of bribery of the Commons, 559.
  • His dislike of Halifax, 576.
  • His dismissal of Temple, 586.
• Charles II. of Spain, unhappy condition of, ii. 139, 144-148.
  • His difficulties in respect to the succession, 139-143.
• Charles VIII. of France, ii. 487.
• Charles XII. of Sweden, compared to Clive, ii. 760.
• Chatham, William Pitt, Earl of, character of his public life, ii. 234, 235.
  • His early life and travels, 236.
  • Enters the army, 237.
  • Obtains a seat in Parliament, 237.
  • Attaches himself to the Whigs in Opposition, 243.
  • His qualities as an orator, 246-250.
  • Is made Groom of the Bedchamber to the Prince of Wales, 251.
  • Declaims against the ministers, 253.
  • His opposition to Carteret, 254.
  • Legacy left him by the Duchess of Marlborough, 254.
  • Supports the Pelham ministry, 255.
  • Appointed Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, 256.
  • Averse to subsidizing foreign powers, 264.
  • Overtures made to him by Newcastle, 264, 267.
  • Made Secretary of State, 268.
  • Defends Admiral Byng, 270.
  • Coalesces with the Duke of Newcastle, 273.
  • Success of his administration, 275-281.
  • His appreciation of Clive, 728, 753.
  • Breach between him and the great Whig connection, 752.
  • Review of his correspondence, iii. [591-687].
  • Forms a coalition with Newcastle, [596].
  • His war policy attacked, [612].
  • Resigns, [616].
  • Rewarded for his services, [617].
  • Speech against the French treaty, [633].
  • Invited to succeed Grenville, [640].
  • His legacy from Pynsent, [645].
  • Refuses to take the ministry without Grenville, [650].
  • Supports the repeal of the Stamp Act, [658].
  • His position toward Rockingham's ministry, [664].
  • Attempts to form a ministry, [668].
  • Loss of popularity on accepting a peerage, [670].
  • Errors in policy, [672].
  • Taken ill, [674].
  • His recovery, [677].
  • His relations with Rockingham and Grenville, [680].
  • Attitude on the American Revolution, [683].
  • Final speech in the House of Lords, [684].
  • Death, [685].
  • Public funeral, [686].
• Cherbourg, guns taken from, ii. 276.
• Cheyte Sing, Prince of Benares, iii. [179].
  • Hastings demands money from, [183].
  • Arrested, [184].
• Chillingworth, William, on apostolical succession, ii. 650.
• Chinsurah, Dutch settlement on the Hoogley, ii. 701.
  • Its siege by the English and capitulation, 727.
• Christchurch, Oxford, its repute after the Revolution, ii. 592.
  • Issues a new edition of the Letters of Phalaris, 592, 593.
• Chunar, treaty of, iii. [189].
• Church of England, moderation and loyalty, i. 303.
  • Its sophisms at the time of the Revolution, 368.
  • Mr. Gladstone's work in defence of it, ii. 600.
  • His arguments for its being the pure Catholic Church of Christ, 641.
  • Its claims to apostolical succession discussed, 645-655.
  • Views respecting its alliance with the state, 659-668.
  • Its rejection of enthusiasts, iii. [31].
• Churchill, John, Duke of Marlborough, his rise the result of conditions, i. 360.
  • His infamous treason, 369.
  • Converted to Whiggism, ii. 176.
  • Addison's mention of, in The Campaign, iii. [429].
• Cicero, partiality of Dr. Middleton towards, ii. 360.
  • The most eloquent and skilful of advocates, 361.
  • His epistles in his banishment, 379.
  • His opinion of the study of rhetoric, 477.
• Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, defects in his History, i. 277.
  • Too good for his age, 361.
  • His virtues and faults, 362.
  • His testimony in regard to Hampden, ii. 5, 6, 19, 21, 26-28, 37, 41, 56, 59, 61.
  • His literary merit, 358.
  • His position at the head of affairs, 522-530.
  • His faulty style, 541.
  • His opposition to the growing power of the Commons, 561.
  • His temper, 562.
• Classical literature, indiscriminate praise of, i. 44.
  • Should be justly estimated, 45.
• Clavering, General, made Councillor for India, iii. [144].
  • Opposes Hastings, [148].
  • Dies, [163].
• Clement VII., Pope, i. 184.
• Clifford, Lord, his character, ii. 538, 539.
  • His retirement, 545.
  • His talent for debate, 561.
• Clive, Lord, review of Sir John Malcolm's Life of, ii. 670-762.
  • His family and boyhood, 672, 673.
  • His shipment to India, 673.
  • His arrival at Madras, and position there, 675.
  • Obtains an ensign's commission in the Company's service, 678.
  • His attack, capture, and defence of Arcot, 688-692.
  • His subsequent proceedings, 693-696.
  • His marriage and return to England, 696.
  • His reception, 697.
  • Elected to Parliament, 698.
  • Returns to India, 700.
  • His subsequent proceedings, 700, 706-708.
  • His conduct towards Omichund, 709-719.
  • His transactions with Meer Jaffier, 711-713, 715, 716, 723.
  • His pecuniary acquisitions, 720.
  • Appointed Governor of the Company's possessions in Bengal, 723.
  • His dispersion of Shah Alum's army, 725.
  • Responsibility of his position, 727.
  • His return to England, 728.
  • His reception, 728.
  • His proceedings at the India House, 731, 732, 736.
  • Nominated Governor of the British possessions in Bengal, 736.
  • His arrival at Calcutta, 737.
  • Suppresses a conspiracy, 741, 742.
  • Success of his foreign policy, 742.
  • His return to England, 745.
  • His unpopularity and its causes, 745-750.
  • His speech in his defence, and its consequence, 753, 757.
  • Invested with the Grand Cross of the Bath, 756.
  • His life in retirement, 758.
  • Failing of his mind, and death by his own hand, 758-760.
  • Reflections on his career, 760.
  • Notices Warren Hastings, iii. [120].
• Clodius, bribery at the trial of, ii. 432.
• Cobham, Lord, his malignity toward Essex, ii. 397.
• Coke, Sir E., his conduct towards Bacon, ii. 376, 418.
  • His opposition to Bacon in Peacham's case, 404, 405.
  • His experience in conducting state prosecutions, 406.
  • His removal from the Bench, 418.
  • His reconciliation with Buckingham, and agreement to marry his daughter to Buckingham's brother, 419.
  • His reconciliation with Bacon, 420.
  • His behavior to Bacon at his trial, 437.
• Coleridge, S. T., Byron's attitude towards, i. 594.
• Collier, Jeremy, character, iii. [85].
  • Outlawed for absolving traitors, [87].
  • Attacks the immorality of the stage, [88].
  • Replies to Congreve, [93].
• Colloquies on Society, Southey's, reviewed, i. 496-545.
  • Plan of, 505.
  • Absurdity of, 507.
• Comic Dramatists of the Restoration, Leigh Hunt's, iii. [47-100].
• Comines, Philip de, testimony to the good government of England, ii. 7.
• Commons, House of, commencement of the practice of buying of votes in, ii. 209.
  • Corruption in, not necessary to the Tudors, 209.
  • Increase of its influence after the Revolution, 210.
  • How kept in order, 211.
  • Increased in power by the Revolution, 348.
• Comus, modelled on the Italian Masque, i. 97.
• Condé, Marshal, compared with Clive, ii. 761.
• Conflans, Admiral, defeated by Hawke, ii. 277.
• Congreve, William, birth and education, iii. [80].
  • His literary work, [81-84].
  • Attempts to answer Jeremy Collier, [91].
  • Produces The Way of the World, [94].
  • Political impartiality, [95].
  • Place among literary men, [96].
  • Friendship with the Duchess of Marlborough, [98].
  • Death, [99].
  • Compared to Wycherley, [100].
• Constitutional government, in England and on the Continent, i. 323.
  • Conversion of, into despotism, on the Continent, 326.
  • Dangers to, in England, 327.
• Cooke, Sir Anthony, his learning, ii. 368.
• Coote, Sir Eyre, sent to India, iii. [166].
  • His military reputation, [167].
• Correctness, as a canon in art, i. 581.
  • Folly of, 587.
• Council of York, abolished, ii. 38.
• Country Wife, Wycherley's, iii. [70], [77].
• Courtenay, Rt. Hon. T. P., review of his Memoirs of Sir William Temple, ii. 498-599.
  • His concessions to Dr. Lingard in regard to the Triple Alliance, 533.
  • His opinion of Temple's proposed council, 554, 556.
  • His error as to Temple's residence, 585 note.
• Covenant, the Scotch, ii. 30.
• Covenanters, the Scotch, their treaty with Charles I., ii. 30, 31.
• Cowley, Abraham, his wit, ii. 204.
  • Admired Bacon, 495.
• Cowper, William, forerunner of literary revival in England, i. 591.
  • Schoolmate of Warren Hastings, iii. [117].
• Coxe, Archdeacon, eulogizes Sir R. Walpole, ii. 214.
• Craggs, Secretary, ii. 238, 261.
• Cranmer, Archbishop, his time-serving character, i. 299.
• Crébillon, the younger, ii. 198.
• Crisp, Samuel, iii. [340].
  • His dramatic aspirations, [343].
  • Failure and retirement, [345].
• Criticism, cannot exist in perfection with the creative faculty, i. 190.
  • Effect on critical poetry, 202.
• Croker, John Wilson, his edition of Boswell's Johnson reviewed, i. 691-742.
  • Misstatements in the notes, 691.
  • Classical errors, 700.
  • Want of perspicacity, 704.
  • Triviality of his comments, 705.
  • His style, 706.
  • Omissions, 707.
  • Additions, 708.
• Cromwell, Henry, ii. 512.
• Cromwell, Oliver, wisdom of his government, i. 124.
  • His great opportunity, 345.
  • Compared with Napoleon, 347.
  • His service to justice, 348.
  • His army, 348.
  • His administration, 349.
  • His foreign policy, 351.
  • Weakness of his son, 352.
  • Compared with Charles II., 353.
  • His qualities, ii. 29, 61.
  • His administration, 313, 319.
  • His abilities displayed in Ireland, 519-521.
• Crown, the, ii. 75.
  • Curtailment of its prerogatives, 210, 211.
  • Its power predominant at the beginning of the 17th century, 557.
  • Decline of its power during the Pensionary Parliament, 560.
  • Its long contest with the Parliament put an end to by the Revolution, 566.
  • See Prerogative.
• Culpeper, Mr., a leader of the Constitutional Royalists, ii. 43.
• Cumberland, Duke of, single victory of, ii. 729.
  • Hated by Scots, iii. [628].
  • Opposes the French treaty, [630].
  • His character, [649].
  • Tries to induce Pitt to succeed Grenville, [650].
  • Advises a Whig ministry without Pitt, [653].
  • Death, [656].

• D'Adda, quoted, ii. 333.
• Danby, Earl of, ii. 210.
  • His connection with Sir William Temple, 547.
  • Unjust charges against, 551.
  • Impeached and sent to the Tower, 553.
  • Owed his dukedom to his talent in debate, 561.
• Dante, criticism on, i. 1.
  • His first adventure in the popular tongue, 2.
  • Influences of the times in which he lived upon his works, 3, 4.
  • His love of Beatrice, 11.
  • His despair of happiness on earth, 12.
  • Close connection between his intellectual and moral character, 12.
  • Compared with Milton, 13, 99-101.
  • His metaphors and comparisons, 15, 16.
  • Little impression made by the forms of the external world upon him, 16, 19.
  • Fascination revolting and nauseous images had for his mind, 18.
  • His use of ancient mythology in his poems, 19.
  • His idolatry of Virgil, 20.
  • Excellence of his style, 20, 21.
  • Remarks upon the translations of the Divine Comedy, 21, 22.
  • His use of the supernatural, 105.
  • His character as expressed in his poetry, 107.
  • His veneration for lesser writers, 194.
• D'Arblay, M., a French refugee, marries Fanny Burney, iii. [378].
• D'Arblay, Madame, Diary and Letters reviewed, iii. [331-395].
  • Family, [333].
  • Education, [335].
  • Shyness, [339].
  • Writes Evelina, [347].
  • Its success, [349].
  • Johnson's affection for, [351].
  • Writes a poor play, [353].
  • Publishes Cecilia, [354].
  • Loss of friends, [355].
  • Meets the king, [357].
  • Invited to be a keeper of the Queen's robes, [358].
  • Drawbacks to the position, [359].
  • Accepts it, [361].
  • Slavery of the service, [362].
  • Visits Oxford, [364].
  • Attends the trial of Warren Hastings, [366].
  • Her prejudice against his accusers, [367].
  • Feeling on the king's illness, [369].
  • Respect for the queen, [371].
  • Leaves the court on account of ill-health, [375].
  • Recovers, [377].
  • Marries, [378].
  • Lives in Paris, [379].
  • Her character-drawing, [385].
  • Her style, [387].
  • Quotations to illustrate the changes in her style, [390-392].
  • Her real service to English literature, [394].
• D'Argens, Marquess, iii. [280].
• Daun, an Austrian general, defeats Frederic the Great at Kolin, iii. [306].
  • At Hochkirchen, [319].
  • Driven from before Dresden, [320].
  • Defeated at Buckersdorf, [327].
• David, M., editor of Barère's Mémoires, iii. [487].
• Davila, one of Hampden's favorite authors, ii. 22.
• De Augmentis Scientiarum, Bacon's, ii. 402, 443.
• Declaration of Right, ii. 341.
• Defensio Populi, i. 85.
• Delhi, splendor of, ii. 679.
• Democracy, the ideal government, i. 62.
  • Requires an educated constituency, 63.
  • Reaction induced by the violence of its advocates, ii. 72.
• Democritus, reputed inventor of the arch, ii. 365.
  • Bacon's estimate of, 448.
• Demosthenes, transcribes Thucydides six times, i. 47.
  • Falsely described by Mitford, 73.
• Denham, Sir John, satire on Hampden, ii. 58.
• Despotism, Mill's condemnation of, i. 388.
  • The Westminster Reviewer's defence of Mill's position on, 426.
• Devonshire, Duke of, forms an administration after the resignation of Newcastle, ii. 268.
  • Lord Chamberlain under Bute, iii. [623].
  • Opposes the treaty with France, [630].
• Dionysius, his critical ability, i. 41.
  • Confines himself strictly to things Grecian, 267.
• Diplomacy, requirements of, in the Italian service, i. 169.
• Discourses on Livy, Machiavelli's, i. 176.
• Dissenters, exclusion of, from civil offices, ii. 624.
• Divine Comedy, Dante's, its reality, i. 12.
  • Translations of, 21, 22.
  • Literalness of the descriptions, 99.
  • Comparable to Gulliver's Travels, 101.
  • Character of the spirits in, 105.
• Division of labor, necessity of, ii. 606.
• Donne, John, his wit compared with Horace Walpole's, ii. 204.
• Dorset, Lord, his poetical ability, i. 212.
• Double Dealer, Congreve's, iii. [82].
• Dover, Lord, review of his edition of Horace Walpole's Letters to Sir Horace Mann, ii. 181-231.
• Drama, real object of, i. 163.
  • Delightful character of the old English, 207.
  • Unnaturalness of the French, 207.
  • Affected by the closing of the theatres, 209.
  • Rhyme introduced into, 212.
  • Folly of the preservation of the unities, 583.
  • Immorality of the English, at the Restoration, iii. [48].
• "Drunken Administration, The," ii. 225.
• Dryden, John, essay on, i. 187-234.
  • His rank among poets, 187.
  • Affected by circumstances, 187.
  • Greatest of the critical poets, 214.
  • His Annus Mirabilis, 215.
  • His plays, 217.
  • Unnaturalness of his characters, 220.
  • Tendency to rant, 222.
  • The improvement of his work in later life, 225.
  • Founds the critical school of poetry, 227.
  • His power of reasoning in verse, 228.
  • His use of the flattery of dedication, 229.
  • His characteristics, 230.
  • Satirical works, 231.
  • A connecting link between two literary periods, 597.
  • Admits the justice of Jeremy Collier's attack, iii. [91].
• Dumont, M., review of his Souvenirs sur Mirabeau, ii. 95-127.
  • Services rendered by him to society, 96.
  • The interpreter of Bentham, 96-98.
  • His view of the French Revolution, 98-103, 294.
  • His opinion that Burke's work on the Revolution had saved Europe, 101, 294.
  • His efforts to instruct the French in political knowledge, 103.
  • His pen-portrait of Mirabeau, 125.
  • His revelation of his own character, 127.
• Dundas, Henry, investigates Indian affairs, iii. [194].
  • Sides with Hastings, [208].
  • Defends him on the first charge, [215].
  • Follows Pitt on the second, [219].
• Dupleix, governor of Pondicherry, his gigantic schemes for establishing French influence in India, ii. 677, 683, 685, 693, 695, 700.
  • His death, 700, 758.

• East India Company, the, its absolute authority in India, ii. 277.
  • Its condition when Clive first went to India, 674, 675.
  • Its war with the French East India Company, 677.
  • Increase of its power, 693.
  • Its factories in Bengal, 702.
  • Fortunes made by its servants in Bengal, 733, 734.
• Ecclesiastical Commission, the, of Queen Elizabeth's time, ii. 76.
• Ecclesiastics, fondness of the old dramatists for the character of, ii. 88.
• Education, in England in the 16th century, ii. 373.
  • Duty of the government in promoting it, 661.
• Egerton, brings charge of corruption against Bacon, ii. 425.
  • Bacon's decision against him, after receiving his present, 440.
• Egotism in conversation and literature considered, i. 23, 24.
• Elephants, use of, in war in India, ii. 691.
• Eliot, Sir John, ii. 18-20.
  • His Treatise on Government, 21.
  • A martyr to liberty, 22.
• Elizabeth, Queen, her unjustifiable persecution of non-conformists, i. 291.
  • Her use of the church to increase her power, 303.
  • Condition of the working classes in her reign, 534.
  • Her rapid advancement of Cecil, ii. 69, 70.
  • Character of her government, 76, 77, 80, 90.
  • A persecutor, though herself indifferent, 89, 90.
  • Her early notice of Lord Bacon, 372.
  • Her favor toward Essex, 379.
  • Factions at the close of her reign, 380, 381, 398.
  • Her pride and temper, 387, 398.
  • Her death, 398.
• Elphinstone, Lord, ii. 761.
• England, under Elizabeth, i. 291.
  • Reformation in, a political move, 297.
  • Under Henry VIII., 302.
  • In 1640, 306.
  • Under Charles I., 317.
  • Change of feeling in, after the attempt on the Five Members, 319.
  • Representative government in, preserved, 327.
  • Disgraceful condition of, under Charles II., 354.
  • Decay of statesmanship, 355.
  • Corruption of the bar, 360.
  • National feeling displaced by party loyalty, 364.
  • Fortunate that the Revolution was effected by men of small calibre, 367.
  • Perfidy of William III.'s statesmen, 368.
  • Review of constitutional history of, from Henry VII., 371.
  • Condition of the common people in, at various periods, 534.
  • Prophecy of its future prosperity, 543.
  • Her periodic fits of morality, 573.
  • Theories deduced from her population, 617 et seq.
  • Fecundity of the nobility, 632.
  • Disability of Jews in, 646.
  • Her physical and moral condition in the 15th century, ii. 7.
  • Never so rich and powerful as since the loss of her American colonies, 135.
  • Her conduct in reference to the Spanish succession, 152, 153.
  • Successive steps of her progress, 307-310.
  • Influence of her Revolution on the human race, 309, 344.
  • Her situation at the Restoration compared with that of France at the restoration of the Bourbons, 311, 312.
  • Her situation in 1678, 317, 319-327.
  • Character of her public men in the latter part of the 17th century, 507.
  • Difference in her situation under Charles II. and under the Protectorate, 525.
  • Restoration immorality the reaction from Puritanism, iii. [58].
  • Diminished prestige of, in 1785, [195].
  • Upholds Prussia against all Europe, [302].
  • Subsidies paid, [318].
  • Withdraws her aid from Prussia, [326].
  • State of parties in, [592].
  • Factions sink into repose, [595].
  • Corruption in the House of Commons, [609].
  • Terminates her continental alliances, [623].
  • War with America, [682].
• England, Constitution of, how preserved, i. 322 et seq.
  • Development of, from Henry VII.'s reign, 371.
  • Recent attacks on, 375.
  • Proposed reform of, 380.
  • A standing refutation of James Mill's reasoning, 399.
• English, the, in the 16th century, a free people, ii. 78.
  • Their character, 319, 320.
• English Common Law, not suited to India, iii. [168].
• Epicureans, their peculiar doctrines, ii. 452.
• Epicurus, the lines on his pedestal, ii. 452.
• Erasmus, quoted, ii. 286.
• Ercilla, Alonzo de, soldier as well as poet, ii. 133.
• Essay on Government, James Mill's, review of, i. 381-422.
• Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, ii. 93.
  • His character, popularity, and favor with Elizabeth, 379, 380, 382, 389.
  • His political conduct, 382.
  • His friendship for Bacon, 383, 385, 412.
  • His conversation with Robert Cecil, 382, 383.
  • His expedition to Spain, 384.
  • Pleads for Bacon's marriage with Lady Hatton, 385.
  • Decline of his fortunes, 385.
  • His faults, 387, 410, 411.
  • His administration in Ireland, 386.
  • Ingratitude of Bacon towards him, 386-396, 412.
  • His trial and execution, 388, 389.
  • Feeling of King James towards him, 399.
  • His resemblance to Buckingham, 410, 411.
• Essex, Earl of (time of Charles I.), ii. 56-59.
• Euripides, how regarded by Quintilian, i. 42.
• Europe, state of, at the Peace of Utrecht, ii. 182.
  • Want of union in, to arrest the designs of Louis XIV., 528.
  • The distractions of, suspended by the Treaty of Nimeguen, 550.
• Evelina, Fanny Burney's, iii. [347].
  • Johnson's admiration for, [351].
• Evelyn, John, ii. 524, 539.
• Ex post facto punishments considered, i. 312.

• Falkland, Lucius Cary, Viscount, deceived by Charles, i. 320.
  • A friend of liberty, 329.
  • At the head of the Constitutional Royalists, ii. 43.
• Family Compact, the, between France and Spain, ii. 183.
• Fénelon, standard of morality in his Telemachus, ii. 115-117.
  • The book not immoral, iii. [54].
• Ferdinand VII., resemblance between him and Charles I. of England, ii. 55.
• Feudal nobles, unimportant in Italy, i. 146.
• Fielding, Henry, his description of Partridge at the play, quoted, i. 196.
• Finch, Lord Keeper, a humble tool of Charles I., ii. 26.
  • His impeachment and flight to Holland, 37.
• Fine arts, the, their decline in England after the civil war, ii. 199.
  • Government should promote them, 660.
• Florence, its commercial preëminence, i. 148.
  • Its superiority of learning, 151.
  • Military reform in, 173.
  • Return of the Medici to, 174.
  • Machiavelli's History of, 184.
  • Last struggle for liberty of, 185.
• Foote, Charles, his stage character of an Anglo-Indian grandee, ii. 747
• Forde, Colonel, ii. 724, 727.
• Fox, Henry (afterwards Lord Holland), his personality, ii. 258.
  • Accepts office, 264.
  • Relations with Newcastle, 261-267.
  • Directed to form an administration in concert with Chatham, 268.
  • Early history and career, iii. [104].
  • Made paymaster by Chatham, [601].
  • Continued by Bute, [623].
  • Employed by Bute to carry the Commons, [628].
  • Methods used, [631].
  • Made a peer, [637].
• Fox, Charles James, son of the above, his success as a debater, ii. 249.
  • Comparison of his History of James II. with Mackintosh's History of the Revolution, 284.
  • His style, 285, 286.
  • Characteristic of his oratory, 287.
  • Championship of arbitrary measures and defiance of public opinion, iii. [106].
  • Change in his attitude after his father's death, [107].
  • Brings forward the Benares charge against Hastings, [216].
  • Speaks on the course of proceedings, [228].
• France, from Louis XIV. to the Revolution, ii. 118-122.
  • Condition in 1712 and 1832, 180.
  • At the restoration of Louis XVIII., 311.
  • Austerity in, under Louis XIV., produces the immorality of the regency, iii. [59].
  • Turns to Prussia for help against England, [267].
  • Drawn into the combination against Frederic the Great, [295].
  • Makes peace, [328].
  • Assemblies in, in 1791, [505].
  • Constitution of 1791 fails, [503].
  • Cause of its failure, [509].
  • Convention of 1792, [510].
  • Justice of the abolition of the monarchy, [511].
  • Execution of the king, [516].
  • Reign of Terror in, [533].
  • End of the Terror, [559].
  • Under Constitution of 1795, [565].
  • Under the Consulate, [568].
  • Return of the Bourbons to, [581].
  • Effect of the Terror upon, [584].
• Francis, Philip, made Councillor for India, iii. [144].
  • Probably wrote the Junius letters, [145].
  • Opposes Hastings, [148].
  • Accepts Nuncomar's testimony against him, [150].
  • Partially reconciled to Hastings, [168].
  • Objects to the arrangement with Impey, [173].
  • Challenges and is wounded by Hastings, [174].
  • Returns to England, [178].
  • Attacks Hastings in the House of Commons, [209].
  • Proposed as a manager of Hastings's impeachment, [221].
• Franks, rapid decline of the, after the death of Charlemagne, ii. 680.
• Frederic the Great, essay on, iii. [243-330].
  • Birth, [247].
  • Treatment by his father, [248].
  • Tastes, [250].
  • Acquaintance with Voltaire, [254].
  • Character as a king, [256].
  • Decides to seize Silesia, [259].
  • Invades it, [261].
  • Conduct at Molwitz, [263].
  • Makes peace with Austria, [267].
  • Joins France against England and Austria, [268].
  • His attention to the details of administration, [271].
  • Aggrandizement of the army, [273].
  • Parsimony, [274].
  • Liberality and justice, [275].
  • Commercial policy, [277].
  • His associates, [279].
  • His spite, [281].
  • Invites Voltaire to Berlin, [286].
  • Quarrels with him, [290].
  • European combination against, [294].
  • Personal dislike of, among sovereigns, [298].
  • His great danger, [299].
  • Alliance with England, [302].
  • Invades Saxony, [304].
  • And Bohemia, [305].
  • Driven back at Kolin, [307].
  • Extreme distress of, [308].
  • Further communication with Voltaire, [309].
  • Wins the battle of Rosbach, [313].
  • Of Leuthen, [314].
  • Tendency of Rosbach to unify Germany behind him, [316].
  • Worsts the Russians at Zorndorf, [318].
  • Attacked by the Pope, [322].
  • Beaten at Kunersdorf, [323].
  • Conquers at Lignitz and Torgau, [325].
  • Political changes to his advantage, [326].
  • Obtains peace, [328].
• Frederic the Second, the Emperor, his qualities, i. 7.
• Frederic William, Great Elector of Brandenburg, iii. [244].
• Frederic William of Prussia, iii. [245].
  • Military establishment, [246].
  • Conduct to his children, [247].
  • Dies, [255].
• Froissart quoted, ii. 7.
• Fuller, on Lord Burleigh, ii. 66, 67.

• Galway, Earl of, commander of the allies in Spain, ii. 158, 166, 171.
  • Defeated at Almanza, 172.
• Ganges, the chief highway of Eastern commerce, ii. 700, 701.
• Gentleman Dancing-Master, Wycherley's, iii. [69].
• George I., transformation of English parties under, iii. [593].
  • His position at the beginning of his reign, [602], [603].
• George II., his resentment against Chatham, ii. 255.
  • Compelled to accept him, 256.
  • His efforts for the protection of Hanover, 263, 264.
  • His relations with his ministers, 273-275.
  • Mixture of parties under, iii. [595].
  • Growth in popularity toward the close of his reign, [603].
• George III., partial to Clive, ii. 756.
  • Sentiment of loyalty toward, at his accession, iii. [604].
  • Education, [606].
  • His speech not agreeable to the ministry, [611].
  • Dream of freedom on the accession of Bute, [622].
  • Determines never to submit to the Whigs, [633].
  • Harassed by Grenville, turns to Pitt, [640].
  • Resentment toward Grenville over the Regency Bill, [648].
  • Sends Cumberland to Pitt, [649].
  • Lectured by Grenville and Bedford, [652].
  • Makes Rockingham First Lord of the Treasury, [655].
  • Supported by the politicians called the king's friends, [660].
  • Tries to win Pitt over, [666].
• Gibbon, Edward, why accused of being a Mohammedan, i. 697 and note.
  • A successful historian, ii. 284.
• Gibraltar, capture of, by Sir George Rooke, ii. 158.
• Giffard, Lady, sister of Sir William Temple, ii. 528, 529, 586, 597.
• Gifford, Mr., the poet, admired by Byron, ii. 594.
• Girondists, eminent men among, iii. [512].
  • Refuse to sanction any excesses, [514].
  • Oppose equivocally the king's execution, [515].
  • Accused of federalism, [519].
  • Their leaders condemned by Barère, [527].
  • Their trial, [531].
  • Executed, [532].
• Gladstone, W. E., his book The State in its Relations with the Church, reviewed, ii. 600-669.
  • Quality of his mind, 603.
  • His grounds for the defence of the church, 605.
  • His doctrine that the duties of government are paternal, 609.
  • Specimen of his arguments, 610-613.
  • His argument that the profession of a national religion is imperative, 611, 613, 617.
  • The consequence of his reasoning, 620-628.
  • Shrinks from the suggestion of persecution, 624.
  • Fails to meet the consequences of his theory, 635.
  • Considers difference of opinion unnatural, 641.
  • Claims that the succession of the Anglican church was not broken in the Reformation, 645.
  • Believes in unity in doctrine, 296.
• Gleig, Rev. G. R., his Life of Warren Hastings reviewed, iii. [114].
• Glover's Leonidas, compared with Fénelon's Telemachus, ii. 116.
• Godfrey, Sir E., ii. 323.
• Godolphin, Lord, becomes a Whig, ii. 176.
  • Comes into power with Anne, iii. [423].
  • Induces Addison to commemorate Blenheim, [426].
  • Dismissed, [449].
• Goëzman, bribed by Beaumarchais, ii. 440, 441.
• Goldsmith, Oliver, character, i. 713.
  • Pleasantry about Johnson, 740.
• Goordas, Nuncomar's son, iii. [134].
• Goree, conquest of, ii. 216.
• Gorhambury, Bacon's country residence, ii. 421, 442.
• Government, must be adapted to its body politic, i. 62.
  • Aims of, according to James Mill, 386.
  • His reasoning against aristocratic and monarchical, 387, 388.
  • Combinations of the simple forms of, considered, 395.
  • Folly of Mill's conclusion, 398.
  • Representative, 403.
  • Its weak points, 404.
  • Correctives for the evil tendencies of representative, 410.
  • Influence of the middle class on, 415.
  • Theory of, deduced from principles of human nature in only one way, 419.
  • Must be founded on experience, 421.
  • Absurdity of utilitarian principle of, 468.
  • Sensible view of monarchic, 472.
  • Of constitutional, 475.
  • Religion as the basis of, according to Southey, 520.
• Grafton, Duke of, First Lord of the Treasury in Chatham's last ministry, iii. [669].
  • Condition of that ministry after Chatham's retirement, [678].
• Granby, Marquis of, his character, ii. 728.
• Grand Alliance against the Bourbons, ii. 152.
• Grand Remonstrance, Debate on, ii. 43.
• "Great Commoner," the designation of the elder Pitt, ii. 281.
• Greatest Happiness Principle, i. 418.
  • Its uselessness, 452.
  • Restated and assailed, 483.
  • Not demonstrated in its later form by Mr. Bentham, 487.
• Greece, review of Mr. Mitford's History of, i. 56-82.
  • Errors of the historians of, 57, 58.
  • Partly caused by their high estimation of later classic writers, 59.
  • Military history of, 152.
  • Progress of literature in, 204.
  • All education oral in, 242.
  • Absence of progress in political science in, 265.
  • Instances of the corruption of judges in the ancient commonwealths of, ii. 431.
• Greek Drama, derived from the Ode, i. 95.
• Greeks, their attitude toward women, i. 25. See Athenians.
• Grenville, George, opposed to Pitt's war policy, iii. [613].
  • Heads Bute's ministry in the Commons, [619].
  • Supports Bute's excise bill, [634].
  • Insulted by Pitt, [635].
  • Becomes First Lord of the Treasury, [637].
  • His characteristics, [638].
  • Attacks Wilkes, [639], [642].
  • Conduct toward the king, [644].
  • His Stamp Act and Regency Bill, [647], [648].
  • His vehement opposition to the repeal of the former, [663].
  • Conciliation with Chatham, [680].
  • Death, [681].
• Grey, Lady Jane, her high classical acquirements, ii. 368.
• Guadaloupe, fall of, ii. 276.
• Guicciardini, ii. 64.
• Guise, Henry, Duke of, his conduct compared to that of Essex, ii. 389.
• Gunpowder, inventor of, unknown, ii. 452.