Critical and Historical Essays, Volume III (of 3) - Baron Thomas Babington Macaulay Macaulay - Page №125
Critical and Historical Essays, Volume III (of 3)
Baron Thomas Babington Macaulay Macaulay
Страница - 124Страница - 126
  • Habeas Corpus Act, Lord Shaftesbury's connection with, ii. 570, 578.
  • Hale, Sir Matthew, integrity of, ii. 405.
  • Halifax, Charles Montague, Earl of, his attainments, iii. [409].
    • Draws Addison into politics, [411].
    • Addison's Epistle to, [421].
    • Loses power, [422].
    • Returns to the Council, [432].
  • Halifax, George Savile, Viscount, a trimmer; compared with Shaftesbury, ii. 573.
    • His political tracts, 575.
    • His oratorical powers, 575, 576.
    • The king's dislike of him, 576, 577.
  • Hallam, Henry, his History of England dry but accurate, i. 287.
    • His perfect fairness to all parties, 290.
    • Just condemnation of Cranmer, 298.
    • His view of Strafford's punishment, 312.
    • Of the Parliament of 1640, 316.
    • Condemns the Long Parliament, 336.
    • His estimate of Cromwell, 347.
    • Of Clarendon, 362.
    • Of William III.'s reign, 809.
  • Hamilton, Gerard, his celebrated speech, ii. 205.
  • Hammond, Henry, uncle of Sir William Temple, ii. 509.
  • Hampden, John, review of Lord Nugent's Memorials of, ii. 1.
    • His public and private character, 2, 3.
    • Baxter's testimony to his excellence, 4.
    • His origin and early history, 4,5.
    • Took his seat in the House of Commons in 1621, and joined the opposition to the court, 6.
    • His first appearance as a public man, 13.
    • His first stand for the fundamental principle of the Constitution, 16.
    • Committed to prison, 16.
    • Set at liberty and reëlected for Wendover, 17.
    • His retirement, 18.
    • His remembrance of his persecuted friends, 19.
    • His letters to Sir John Eliot, 19.
    • Clarendon's characterization of him as a debater, 19.
    • Letter from him to Sir John Eliot, 20.
    • His acquirements, 21.
    • Death of his wife, 22.
    • His resistance to the assessment for ship-money, 27.
    • Strafford's hatred of him, 29.
    • His intention to leave England, 29.
    • His return for Buckinghamshire in the fifth Parliament of Charles I., 31.
    • His motion on the subject of the king's message, 32.
    • His election by two constituencies to the Long Parliament, 36.
    • Character of his speaking, 37.
    • His opinion on the bill for the attainder of Strafford, 40.
    • Lord Clarendon's testimony to his moderation, 41.
    • His mission to Scotland, 41.
    • His conduct in the House of Commons on the passage of the Grand Remonstrance, 44.
    • His impeachment ordered by the king, 45-49.
    • Returns in triumph to the House, 50.
    • Raises a regiment in Buckinghamshire, 56.
    • Contrasted with Essex, 57, 58.
    • His encounter with Rupert at Chalgrove, 59.
    • His death and burial, 60.
    • Effect on his party, 61.
  • Hanover, Chatham's invective against the favor shown it by George II., ii. 254.
  • Harcourt, French ambassador to Spain, ii. 144, 145.
  • Harley, Robert, his accession to power, ii. 177.
    • Censured by Lord Mahon, 178.
    • Thrown into prison, 182.
  • Hastings, Warren, essay on, iii. [114-242].
    • Birth and ancestry, [115].
    • Education, [117].
    • Beginnings in India, [119].
    • Returns to England, [123].
    • Appointed to the Council at Madras, [124].
    • Meets Baroness Imhoff, [125].
    • Effects reforms at Madras, [126].
    • Dispenses with the double government at Bengal, [133].
    • His principle "Thou shalt want ere I want," [135].
    • His dealings with the Prince of Oude, [137].
    • Helps him conquer the Rohillas, [141].
    • His successful financial policy, [143].
    • Made Governor-General, [144].
    • Opposed by majority of the Council, [148].
    • Accused by Nuncomar, [150].
    • Supported by the English sentiment in Bengal, [151].
    • Motive in destroying Nuncomar, [157].
    • Opposition to, in England, [159].
    • Maclean presents his resignation, [160].
    • Repudiates the resignation and retains his position, [161].
    • Marries Baroness Imhoff, and is reappointed Governor-General, [163].
    • Plans to meet the Mahratta encroachments, [164].
    • Stops the legal excesses of Impey, [172].
    • Fights a duel with Francis, [174].
    • Sends Coote against Hyder Ali, [178].
    • Notes the advantage to the English of the double government in India, [181].
    • His demands on the Rajah of Benares, [182].
    • Visits Benares, [184].
    • Adds it to British dominions, [187].
    • Extorts money from the Begums of Oude, [191].
    • Condemned in England but supported by the Company, [194].
    • His extension of the Indian dominions, [195].
    • Internal administration in India reviewed, [196].
    • Ability in writing dispatches, [198].
    • His encouragement of literature, [199].
    • Loved by all classes, [200].
    • His offences, [201].
    • Returns to England, [203].
    • Insensible of his danger, [205].
    • Mistakes in his course of defence, [206].
    • Supported by the ministry, [207].
    • His opponents, [209].
    • His defence, [214].
    • Cleared on the charge relating to the Rohilla war, [215].
    • Deserted by the ministry on the charge respecting Cheyte Sing, [216].
    • Spoliation of the Begums charged by Sheridan, [220].
    • Scene at his trial, [223].
    • His counsel, [225].
    • Acquitted, [233].
    • Ruined financially, [235].
    • Aided by the East India Company, [236].
    • Later life at Daylesford, [238].
    • Tardy acknowledgment of his services, [240].
    • Death, [241].
  • Hastings, Mrs. Warren, her influence, iii. [203]. See Imhoff, Baroness.
  • Hatton, Lady, marries Sir Edward Coke, ii. 385.
  • Hawke, Admiral, defeats French fleet under Conflans, ii. 277.
  • Hawkins, Sir John, interpolation of extracts from, in Boswell's Johnson, condemned, i. 707-710.
  • Henry VII., his reign the starting-point of modern English history, i. 371.
  • Henry VIII., his interest in the Reformation, i. 302.
    • Attempts to raise a forced loan, ii. 82.
    • His intermediate position between the Catholic and Protestant parties, 86.
  • Henry IV. of France, ii. 621.
  • Heresy, remarks on, ii. 622-634.
  • Herodotus, as an historian, his simplicity, i. 236.
    • Inaccuracy of, 237.
    • His work adapted to oral publication, 239.
    • His reality, 240.
  • Hesiod, his complaint of the corruption of the judges of Ascra, ii. 431.
  • Hesse Darmstadt, Prince of, commands the land forces sent against Gibraltar in 1704, ii. 158.
    • Accompanies Peterborough on his expedition. 161.
    • His death at the capture of Monjuich, 164.
  • High Commission, Court of, abolished, ii. 38.
  • Highgate, death of Lord Bacon at, ii. 443.
  • Hind and the Panther, The, i. 231.
  • Historians, their difficulties, i. 235.
    • The early, 236.
    • The modern, 264.
    • Their progress, 265.
    • Exclusive spirit of the Grecian, 266.
    • Dependence of the Latin on the Greek, 267.
    • Points of superiority of modern, 272.
    • Prejudiced, 273.
    • Their neglect of narrative history, 276.
    • Ideal, their characteristics, 280.
  • Historical reading, its effect, i. 279.
  • History, Johnson's view of, i. 243.
    • Chiefly a matter of perspective, 245.
    • Neglect of narrative, 276.
    • Only value of, 277.
    • Ideal form of, explained, 281.
    • A compound of poetry and philosophy, 285.
    • Difficulties of dividing them, 286.
  • Hobbes, Thomas, influence of, ii. 421.
  • Holland, governed with almost regal power by John de Witt, ii. 525.
    • Its apprehensions of the designs of France, 528.
    • Its defensive alliance with England and Sweden, 532.
  • Holland, first Lord. See Fox, Henry.
  • Holland, Henry Fox, third Lord, essay on, iii. [101-113].
    • Compared to his grandfather and uncle, [107].
    • Ability in debate, [109].
    • Liberality, [110].
    • His hospitality, [111].
  • Hollis, Denzil, imprisoned by Charles I., ii. 18.
    • Impeached, 45.
  • Holwell, Mr., his presence of mind in the Black Hole, ii. 704.
    • Cruelty of the Nabob to, 705.
  • Homer, Quintilian's criticisms on, i. 42.
  • Horace, compares poems to certain paintings, i. 49.
  • Hosein, son of Ali, festival in memory of, ii. 690.
    • Legend of his death, 691.
  • Hospitals, objects of, ii. 660.
  • Hume, David, an advocate rather than an historian, i. 273.
    • On the violence of parties before the Revolution, ii. 350.
  • Hungarians, their incursions into Lombardy, ii. 680.
  • Hungary, rises to support Maria Theresa, iii. [265].
  • Hunt. Leigh, his Comic Dramatists of the Restoration reviewed, iii. [47-100].
    • Too lenient toward their immorality, [51].
  • Huntington, William, ii. 750.
  • Hutchinson, Mrs., ii. 518.
  • Hyder Ali, character of, iii. [175].
    • Invades India, [176].
    • Driven back by Coote, [178].
  • Imhoff, Baron, meets Hastings, iii. [124].
    • Agrees to divorce his wife, [126].
  • Imhoff, Baroness, her attachment to Warren Hastings, iii. [125].
    • Marries him, [163].
    • See Hastings, Mrs. Warren.
  • Impey, Sir Elijah, a schoolmate of Hastings, iii. [118].
    • Sent to India as Chief Justice, [148].
    • Sentences Nuncomar, [153].
    • His conduct reprehensible, [156].
    • Attempts to enforce the English law in India, [168].
    • Bought off by Hastings, [172].
    • His conduct in the plundering of the Begums of Oude, [193].
    • Recalled to England, [194].
  • India, foundation of the British Empire in, ii. 277, 280.
    • Early conduct of the English in, iii. [122].
    • Their government in, [127].
    • Regulating act for, [144].
    • English law not suited to, [168].
    • Advantages to the conquerors of the double governments in, [181].
  • Induction, reasoning by, not invented by Bacon, ii. 475.
    • Utility of its analysis greatly overrated by Bacon, 476.
    • Example of its leading to absurdity, 479.
  • Ireland, rebellion in, in 1640, ii. 41.
    • Essex's administration in, 386, 387.
    • Its condition under Cromwell's government, 519-521.
    • Its state contrasted with that of Scotland, 639.
    • Its union with England compared with the Persian fable of King Zohak, 640.
  • Italian writers, criticisms on the principal, i. 1-39.
    • Dante, 1-22.
    • Petrarch, 23-39.
  • Italy, her condition after the fall of Rome, i. 144.
    • Freedom maintained during the Middle Ages, 145.
    • Magnitude of her commerce, 147.
    • Progress of learning in, 148.
    • Art attains its zenith in, under Lorenzo the Magnificent, 150.
    • Decline of martial vigor, 151.
    • Use of mercenary soldiers in, 154.
    • Peculiar system of fashionable morality produced in, 156.
    • Character of her statesmen, 160.
    • Corruption of her politics, 168.
    • Feeling in, against the League of Cambray, 171.
    • Effect of the Reformation in, iii. [15].
  • Italy, Narrative of Travels in, Addison's, iii. [430].
  • Jacobins, their origin, ii. 72.
    • As a party in the French convention, urge the execution of the king, iii. [516].
    • Supported by the Paris mob, [519].
    • Condemn Marie Antoinette, [528].
    • And the Girondists, [532].
    • Begin the Reign of Terror, [533].
    • Incapacity of their leaders, [537].
    • Attack on Robespierre's faction, [553].
    • End of their power, [556], [563].
  • James I., his folly and weakness, ii. 11.
    • Resembled Claudius Cæsar, 12.
    • Court paid to him by the English courtiers before the death of Elizabeth, 398.
    • His twofold character, 398.
    • His favorable reception of Bacon, 399.
    • His anxiety for the union of England and Scotland, 402.
    • His employment of Bacon in perverting the laws, 403.
    • His favors and attachment to Buckingham, 410, 411.
    • Absoluteness of his government, 417.
    • Summons Parliament, 422.
    • His political blunders, 422, 423.
    • His message to the Commons on the misconduct of Bacon, 425.
  • James II., death of, i. 151.
    • Acknowledgment by Louis XIV. of his son as his successor, 152.
    • The favorite of the High Church party, 328.
    • His misgovernment, 329.
    • His claims as a supporter of toleration, 329-332.
    • His conduct toward Lord Rochester, 332.
    • His union with Louis XIV., 333.
    • His confidential advisers, 334.
    • See York, Duke of.
  • Jardine, Mr., on the use of torture in England, ii. 408, note.
  • Jeffreys, Judge, cruelty of, ii. 329.
  • Jenyns, Soame, his Origin of Evil reviewed by Johnson, ii. 195.
  • Jesuit Order, its theory and practice regarding heretics, ii. 334.
    • Its spirit and methods, iii. [20].
    • Fall of, [41].
  • Jews, civil disabilities of, protested against, i. 641-655.
    • Christianity of the government no barrier to removing their disabilities, 642.
    • Political exclusion a form, not a fact, 644.
    • Their aloofness merely a result of persecution, 646.
    • Justice demands their fair treatment, 655.
  • Johnson, Dr. Samuel, his view of history, i. 243.
    • Croker's Boswell's Johnson reviewed, 691-742.
    • Disdain of a French lady's library, 693.
    • Observations on Gibbon, 697.
    • Sells the Vicar of Wakefield, 698.
    • Dates of his university degrees, 699.
    • Epigram of, censured, 701.
    • Greatness of Boswell's life of, 711.
    • Our intimate knowledge of, 716.
    • His arrival in London, 717.
    • Small hope of patronage, 720.
    • Early poverty and misery, 721.
    • Last of the Grub Street hacks, 724.
    • Kindness of, 725.
    • Disregard of small grievances, 726.
    • Mixture of credulity and skepticism, 727.
    • Sentiments on religion, 728.
    • On politics, 730.
    • Judgments on books, 731.
    • How formed, 732.
    • His opinion of certain works, 733.
    • Observation of men and manners, 734.
    • Remarks on society narrow, 735.
    • Contempt of foreigners, 736.
    • Of travel and history, 738.
    • Mannerisms, 739.
    • His singular destiny, 742.
    • Friend of Dr. Burney, iii. [337].
    • Fondness for Fanny Burney, [351].
  • Jones, Sir William, his distichs on a lawyer's division of time, i. 704.
  • Jonson, Ben, on Bacon's eloquence, ii. 378.
    • Verses on the celebration of Bacon's sixtieth year, 421.
    • Tribute to Bacon, 442.
  • Junius, probably Philip Francis, iii. [145].
  • Juvenal, Johnson's aspersions on, i. 700.
  • Keith, George, Earl Marischal of Scotland, at the court of Frederic the Great, iii. [279].
    • Killed at Hochkirchen, [319].
  • Kimbolton, Lord, impeached, ii. 45.
  • King's Friends, a party under George III., iii. [659].
  • Kniperdoling and Robespierre, analogy between their followers, ii. 72.
  • Knowledge, advancement of society in, ii. 178, 301.
  • Labor, division of, ii. 606.
  • Labourdonnais, his talents, ii. 677.
    • His treatment by the French government, 757.
  • Lacedæmon, causes of the silent but rapid downfall of, i. 54, note.
  • La Fontaine, his character, i. 713.
  • Lalla Rookh, similes in, ii. 489.
  • Lally, Governor, ii. 758.
  • Lamb, Charles, defends the dramatists of the Restoration, iii. [53].
  • Las Torres, Count of, ii. 164, 165.
  • Latimer, Hugh, his popularity in London, ii. 433, 438.
  • Latin tongue in Dante's time, i. 1.
  • Laud, Archbishop, his errors, i. 336.
    • Not a traitor, 337.
    • His character, ii. 23.
    • His diary, 24.
    • His impeachment and imprisonment, 37.
    • His rigor against the Puritans, and tenderness towards the Catholics, 41.
  • Laudohn, an Austrian general, beats Frederic at Hochkirchen, iii. [319].
    • At Kunersdorf, [322].
    • Defeated at Lignitz but takes Schweidnitz, [325].
  • Lawrence, Major, his early notice of Clive, ii. 678.
  • Legerdemain, ii. 372.
  • Legge, Right Hon. H. B., ii. 264.
    • His dismissal, 265.
    • His return to the Exchequer, 268.
  • Legislation, comparative views on, by Plato and by Bacon, ii. 463.
  • Lennox, Charlotte, ii. 518.
  • Letters of Phalaris, ii. 592-596.
  • Liberty, its excesses, the reaction from tyranny, i. 119.
    • Cause of, espoused by Puritans, 132.
    • Maintained in the Italian towns of the Middle Ages, 145.
    • Its character in small states, 252.
  • Lingard, Doctor, his account of the treatment of Lord Rochester by James II., ii. 332.
    • His ability as an historian, 533.
    • His strictures on the Triple Alliance, 533.
  • Literature, rise of, in Italy, i. 148.
    • General consideration of the progress of, 190 et seq.
    • What epochs favorable to masterpieces, 190.
    • Influence of the critical faculty, 192.
    • Effect of technical skill, 198.
    • Rise of good imitative literature, 203.
    • Theories of, confirmed by history, 204.
  • Literature, English, its quibbling character during James I.'s reign, i. 205.
    • Patronage of, 547.
    • Superseded by a system of puffs, 549.
    • Revival of, 591.
    • Encouragement of, by court favor, 718.
    • Patronage discontinued by Walpole, 719.
  • Livy, as an historian, graceful but untruthful, i. 258.
  • Locke, John, Sadler not comparable to, i. 657.
  • Lollards, iii. [13].
  • London, in the 17th century, ii. 47.
    • Devoted to the national cause, 48.
    • Its public spirit, 77, 78.
    • Its prosperity during the ministry of Lord Chatham, 279.
    • Conduct of, at the Restoration, 316.
    • Effects of the Great Plague upon, 525.
  • Longinus, criticism of his work on the Sublime, i. 42.
  • Louis XIV., his character and person, ii. 113-115.
    • His conduct in respect to the Spanish succession, 140, 141, 149.
    • His acknowledgment of James II.'s son as King of England, and its consequences, 152.
    • Sends an army into Spain to the assistance of his grandson, 158.
    • His proceedings in support of his grandson, Philip, 158-175.
    • His reverses in Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, 175.
    • His policy, 333.
    • Character of his government, 334, 335.
    • His military exploits, 501, 502.
    • His projects and affected moderation, 528.
    • His ill-humor at the Triple Alliance, 533.
    • His conquest of Franche Comté 534.
    • His treaty with Charles, 543.
  • Louis XV., his government, ii. 757, 758.
  • Louis XVIII., restoration of, compared with that of Charles II., ii. 311.
  • Louisburg, fall of, ii. 276.
  • Love, honorable and chivalrous, unknown to the Greeks, i. 25.
    • As delineated by the Roman poets, 25.
    • What the word implies in its modern sense, 26.
    • Change in the nature of the passion in the Middle Ages, 27.
  • Love for Love, Congreve's, iii. [83].
  • Loyola, Ignatius, his life and character, iii. [18].
    • Founds the Jesuit Order, [20].
  • Luther, Martin, opposes the ancient philosophy, ii. 454.
  • Lysias, speech of, for the Athenian tribunals, ii. 601.
  • Macflecnoe, Dryden's, i. 233.
  • Machiavelli, his name generally odious, i. 140.
    • Theories with regard to his Prince, 141.
    • His composite character, 143.
    • Better than his contemporaries, 163.
    • His genius as a dramatist, 163.
    • His dramas, 165-168.
    • Fiction and political correspondence, 168.
    • Dexterity as a diplomat, 169.
    • Patriotism, 171.
    • Efforts in behalf of military reform, 173.
    • His Art of War, 175.
    • The Prince and Discourses on Livy considered, 176.
    • Errors in, excusable, 178.
    • Compared to Montesquieu, 180.
    • His historical works, 183.
  • Mackintosh, Sir James, review of his History of the
    • Revolution in England, ii. 283-356.
    • Comparison with Fox's History of James II., 284.
    • Character of his oratory, 285.
    • His conversational powers, 289.
    • His qualities as an historian, 290.
    • His vindication from the imputations of the editor, 293, 299-305.
    • Change in his opinions produced by the French Revolution, 294.
    • His moderation, 298-300.
    • His historical justice, 306.
  • Maclean, Colonel, Hastings's agent in London, receives his resignation, iii. [152].
    • Presents it, [160].
  • Madras, description of, ii. 674.
    • Its capitulation to the French, 677.
    • Restored to the English, 678.
  • Madrid, capture of, by the English army in 1705, ii. 166, 167.
  • Mahommed Reza Khan, candidate for minister of Bengal, iii. [129].
    • Appointed by Clive, [131].
    • Removed by order of the Court of Directors, [132].
    • Acquitted, [135].
  • Mahon, Lord, review of his History of the War of the Succession in Spain, ii. 128-186.
    • His qualities as an historian, 128-130.
    • His explanation of the financial condition of Spain, 136, 137.
    • His opinions on the Partition Treaty, 141-143.
    • His representations of Cardinal Portocarrero, 154.
    • His opinion of the peace at the conclusion of the War of the Spanish Succession, 177.
    • His censure of Harley, 178.
    • His view of the resemblance of the Tories of 1832 to the Whigs of the Revolution, 178-181.
  • Mahrattas, danger to India from, iii. [164].
  • Malaga, naval battle near, in 1704, ii. 159.
  • Malcolm, Sir John, review of his Life of Lord Clive, ii. 670-762.
    • Value of his work, 671.
    • His partiality for Clive, 708.
    • His defence of Clive's conduct towards Omichund, 717.
  • Malthus, Thomas, his law of population attacked by Sadler, i. 610, 659.
    • Use of arithmetical terms objected to, 616.
    • His opinion as regards the United States, 636.
  • Mandragola, The, i. 163. Its plot, 165.
  • Mansfield, Murray, Lord, his character and talents, ii. 258.
    • His rejection of the overtures of Newcastle, 267.
    • His elevation, 267.
  • Maria Theresa, her accession, iii. [257].
    • Rallies Hungary to her assistance, [265].
    • Cedes Silesia and wins Frederic, [266], [267].
    • Again attacked by Frederic, [268], [269].
    • Enmity toward him, [293].
    • Combines Europe against him, [294].
    • Makes peace with him, [328].
  • Marlborough, Duke of, converted to Whiggism, ii. 176.
  • Marsh, Bishop, opposes Calvinistic doctrine, ii. 653.
  • Martin, Mr., an illustrator, unfortunate in his choice of subjects, i. 744.
  • Mary, Queen, her persecutions more excusable than Elizabeth's, i. 292.
    • Fanaticism of, ii. 90.
  • Massinger, Philip, his fondness for the Catholic Church, ii. 88.
  • Mathematics, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 458.
  • Mawbey, Sir Joseph, accuracy of his anecdote of Johnson, i. 698.
  • Medicine, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 461-463.
  • Meer Cossim, his talents, deposition, and revenge, ii. 733, 734.
  • Meer Jaffier, his conspiracy, ii. 710.
    • His conduct during the battle of Plassey, 715.
    • His pecuniary transactions with Clive, 720, 721.
    • His proceedings on being threatened by the Great Mogul, 724, 725.
    • His fears of the English and intrigues with the Dutch, 726.
    • Deposed and reseated by the English, 733.
    • His death, 737.
    • His large bequest to Lord Clive, 745.
  • Melancthon, ii. 68.
  • Memmius, compared to Sir W. Temple, ii. 596.
  • Memory, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 461.
  • Mendoza, Hurtado de, ii. 133.
  • Metcalf, Sir Charles, ii. 761.
  • Mexico, exactions of Spanish viceroys in, ii. 733.
  • Michell, Sir Francis, ii. 414, 424.
  • Middleton, Dr., remarks on his Life of Cicero, ii. 360, 361.
  • Mill, James, his Essay on Government, i. 381-422.
    • Style of reasoning, 384.
    • His objection to aristocratical government, 387.
    • To monarchy, 388.
    • Contradicted by history, 390.
    • His fallacious reasoning with regard to combinations of government, 396.
    • On representative governments, 403.
    • Error in his theory, 405.
    • His idea with regard to suffrage qualifications, 408.
    • Failure to gauge human nature correctly, 414.
    • His art a trick of legerdermain, 417, 418.
    • Westminster Reviewer's defence of, refuted, 423-459.
    • His inconsistency, 464.
    • His merits as an historian, ii. 306, 307.
    • Defects of his history of British India, 671.
    • His unfairness towards Clive's character, 708.
  • Milton, John, compared with Dante, i. 13, 99.
    • His Essay on the Doctrines of Christianity recovered, 83.
    • Style and doctrines, 84.
    • His poetry his chief claim to recognition, 86.
    • His age unfavorable to his work, 86.
    • Excellence of his Latin verse, 91.
    • Suggestion the characteristic of his verse, 93.
    • L'Allegro and Il Penseroso, 94.
    • Samson Agonistes, 94.
    • Admiration for Euripides, 96.
    • Comus, 97.
    • Paradise Lost, 99.
    • His use of the supernatural, 104.
    • Character displayed in his poetry, 108.
    • His sonnets, 109. His public conduct, 110.
    • His support of public liberty approved, 121.
    • His defence of the regicides justified, 123.
    • His support of Cromwell creditable, 125.
    • His character a combination of the good elements of contemporary parties, 133, 134.
    • Prose writings, 137.
    • Blindness may have helped his work, 213.
    • His correctness considered, 584.
    • Admired by Byron, 595.
  • Minden, battle of, ii. 279.
  • Minorca, captured by the French, ii. 266.
  • Mirabeau, Dumont's Recollections of, ii. 95-127.
    • His use of nicknames, 125.
    • Compared with Wilkes, 125.
    • With Chatham, 126.
  • Missionary, story of a, i. 622.
  • Mitford, Mr., his History of Greece criticised, i. 56-82.
    • His characteristics as an historian, 57.
    • His narration better than his predecessors', 60.
    • His skepticism and political bias, 61.
    • Partial to Lacedæmon, 64.
    • And Lycurgus, 67.
    • Prejudiced against Athens, 70.
    • Inaccuracy with regard to Demosthenes, 73.
    • With regard to Æschines, 75.
    • His neglect of the peaceful pursuits of the Greeks, 77.
    • His faults, 274.
  • Molwitz, battle of, iii. [263].
  • Mompesson, Sir Giles, conduct of Bacon in regard to his patent, ii. 414, 415.
    • Abandoned to the vengeance of the Commons, 424.
  • Monarchy, the English, in the 16th century, ii. 75, 80.
  • Monjuich, fortress of, captured by Peterborough, ii. 163, 164.
  • Monopolies, during the latter part of Elizabeth's reign, ii. 382.
    • Multiplied under James, 414.
    • Connived at by Bacon, 414, 415.
  • Monson, Mr., made Councillor in India, iii. [144].
    • Opposes Hastings, [148].
    • Dies, [160].
  • Montagu, Basil, review of his edition of Lord Bacon's works, ii. 357-497.
    • Character of his work, 357-363.
    • His explanation of Lord Burleigh's conduct towards Bacon, 375.
    • His views and arguments in defence of Bacon's conduct towards Essex, 390-395.
    • His excuses for Bacon's use of torture, and his tampering with the judges, 405-408.
    • His reflections on Bacon's admonition to Buckingham, 416.
    • His complaints against James for not interposing to save Bacon, and for advising him to plead guilty, 427.
    • His defence of Bacon, 429-440.
  • Montesquieu, his Spirit of Laws, compared to Machiavelli's Prince, i. 180.
    • Horace Walpole's opinion of, ii. 198.
  • Montgomery, Robert, his poems reviewed, i. 546-568.
    • Passed off on the public as a great poet, 547.
    • His plagiarism and bad grammar, 556 et seq.
    • His descriptions, 560.
    • His personification, 563.
    • His unjustified popularity, 566.
    • His Satan, 566, 567.
  • Montreal, captured by the British, ii. 277.
  • Moore, Thomas, his Life of Lord Byron, i. 569-607.
    • Lalla Rookh, ii. 489.
  • More, Sir Thomas, as a character in Southey's Colloquies, i. 506.
    • His feeling for the doctrine of transubstantiation, iii. [7].
  • Mourning Bride, Congreve's, iii. [83].
  • Munny Begum, given charge of the infant Nabob, iii. [134].
  • Munro, Sir Thomas, ii. 761.
  • Munster, Bishop of, ii. 525.
  • Murray, Solicitor-General (1750), his character, ii. 258.
    • Professional ambition, 261.
    • Refuses Newcastle's overtures, 267.
  • Nabobs, class of Englishmen so called, ii. 745-748.
  • Napoleon, compared with Philip II. of Spain, ii. 131.
    • Anecdote of, 269.
    • His Old Guard compared with Clive's garrison at Arcot, 689.
    • His early proof of talents for war, 760.
  • Nares, Rev. Dr., review of his Burleigh and his Times, ii. 63-94.
  • Nelson, Southey's Life of, i. 499.
  • Newcastle, Duke of, his relation to Walpole, ii. 217, 218.
    • His character, 229, 230.
    • His appointment as head of the administration, 260.
    • His negotiations with Fox, 261, 262.
    • Attacked in Parliament by Chatham, 263.
    • His intrigues, 267.
    • His resignation of office, 268.
    • Sent for by the king on Chatham's dismissal, 270.
    • Leader of the Whig aristocracy, 272.
    • Motives for his coalition with Chatham, 273.
    • His perfidy toward the king, 274.
    • His jealousy of Fox, 274.
    • His strong government with Chatham, 275.
    • Forms a coalition with Chatham, iii. [596].
    • His power, [597].
    • Displaced by Bute, [620].
  • Newdigate, Sir Roger, his rule for prize poems, i. 585.
  • Newton, John, his connection with the slave trade, ii. 432.
    • His belief in predestination, 653.
  • Niagara, conquest of, ii. 276.
  • Nimeguen, treaty of, ii. 549.
    • Its hollowness and unsatisfactoriness, 550.
  • Nizam al Mulk, Viceroy of the Deccan, his death, ii. 684.
  • North, Lord, makes Hastings Governor-General of India, iii. [144].
    • Tries to remove him, [160].
  • Novum Organum, Lord Bacon's, quoted from, i. 447.
    • Use of quotation defended, 469.
    • Admiration excited by it before it was published, ii. 403.
    • And afterwards, 421.
    • Contrast between its doctrine and the ancient philosophy, 447, 455, 470.
    • Its first book the greatest performance of Bacon, 494.
  • Nov, Attorney-General to Charles I., ii. 26.
  • Nugent, Lord, review of his Memorials of John Hampden, his Party and his Times; ii. 1-62.
  • Nuncomar, candidate for minister of Bengal, his character, iii. [129].
    • Disliked by Hastings, [133].
    • Used as a tool, [135].
    • Accuses Hastings before the Council, [150].
    • Seized on charge of felony, and convicted, [153].
    • His execution, [155].
  • Oates, Titus, his plot, ii. 321-326.
  • Ochino, Bernardo, sermons by, ii. 369.
  • Ode to the Virgin, Petrarch's, i. 32.
  • Old Bachelor, Congreve's, iii. [81].
  • Oligarchy, has proved universally pernicious, i. 64.
  • Omichund, his position in India, ii. 709.
    • His treachery toward Clive, 711-717.
  • Omnipresence of the Deity, Montgomery's, criticised, i. 556.
  • Orange, William, Prince of, ii. 537.
    • The only hope of his country, 542.
    • His success against the French 543.
    • His marriage with the Lady Mary, 550.
    • See William III.
  • Orators, On the Athenian, i. 40-55.
  • Oratory, excellence to which it attained at Athens, i. 45.
    • Circumstances favorable to that result, 46.
    • Principles upon which it is to be estimated, 49.
    • Causes of the difference between English and Athenian orators, 50.
    • History of, at Athens, 51.
    • Speeches of the ancients, as transmitted to us by Thucydides, 52.
    • Period during which it flourished most at Athens, 52.
    • Coincidence between the progress of the art of war and that of oratory, 54.
  • Orme, his work on India, ii. 671.
  • Orsini, Princess, ii. 154, 155, 169.
  • Osborne, Sir Peter, and Sir William Temple, ii. 511.
  • Ossian, poems of, utterly condemned, i. 20.
  • Ostracism in Athens, i. 64.
  • Oude, Hastings's dealings with the Prince of, iii. [137].
    • Monetary demands on, [188].
    • Begums of, plundered, [191].
  • Overbury, Sir Thomas, ii. 436, 438.
  • Oxford, University of, inferior to that of Cambridge, in intellectual activity, ii. 364.
  • Painting, causes of its decline, in England after the civil wars, ii. 199.
  • Paley, cited, i. 660. Mr. Gladstone on, ii. 605.
  • Papacy, its antiquity, iii. [2].
    • Triumph at the Reformation due to public opinion, [25].
  • Papists and Protestants, line of demarcation between, ii. 380.
  • Paradise Lost, Milton's, i. 99.
  • Parker, Archbishop, ii. 89.
  • Parliament, recent demands on, i. 377.
    • Reform of, demanded, 378.
  • Parliament of James I., ii. 13, 14.
    • Of Charles I., his first, 15, 16.
    • His second, 17.
    • Its dissolution, 18.
    • His fifth, 31.
    • Effect of the publication of its proceedings, 220.
  • Parliament, the Long, its actions justified, i. 116.
    • Convened, 306.
    • Early measures approved, 316.
    • Attempt to seize five of its members, 318.
    • Loyal tendency of, 319.
    • Loyalists in, 320.
    • Attitude at the beginning of the war, 329.
    • Nineteen propositions of, 331.
    • Claims control of the militia, 333.
    • Its errors, 335.
    • Inclined to half measures at first, 338.
    • Growth of military party in, 339.
    • Gets into the hands of the army, 340.
    • Its first meeting, ii. 36.
    • Recapitulation of its acts, 37.
    • Its attainder of Strafford defended, 39, 40.
    • Sends Hampden to Edinburgh to watch the king, 41.
    • Refuses to surrender the members ordered to be impeached, 45.
    • Openly defies the king, 49.
    • Its conditions of reconciliation, 53.
  • Pascal, Blaise, ii. 590.
  • "Patriots, The," in opposition to Sir Robert Walpole, ii. 219.
    • Their remedies for state evils, 220-222.
  • Paulet, Sir Amias, ii. 373.
  • Peacham, Rev. Mr., his treatment by Bacon, ii. 405.
  • Peel, Sir Robert, i. 701.
  • Peerage, Sadler's assertion of its sterility refuted, i. 633, 684.
  • Pelham, Henry, his character, ii. 228.
    • His death, 260.
  • Pelhams, the, their ascendency, ii. 227.
    • Their accession to power, 255.
    • Feebleness of the opposition to them, 257.
  • Peninsular War, Southey's, i. 500.
  • People, the, in the 17th and 19th centuries, i. 543, 544.
    • Their welfare disregarded in partition treaties, ii. 141, 142.
  • Pepys, Samuel, praises the Triple Alliance, ii. 536, note.
  • Pericles, his eloquence, i. 53.
    • Distributes gratuities to Athenian tribunals, ii. 431.
  • Périer, J. V., his translation of Machiavelli, i. 140.
  • Peterborough, Earl of, his expedition to Spain, ii. 159.
    • His character, 159, 171.
    • His successes on the northeast coast of Spain, 161-166.
    • His retirement to Valencia thwarted, 170.
    • Returns to Valencia as a volunteer, 170.
    • His recall to England, 171.
  • Pétion, the Girondist, iii. [523].
    • His unfortunate end, [527].
    • Saint Just's speech on his guilt, [528].
  • "Petition of Right," enactment of the, ii. 17.
    • Violated by Charles I., 17, 27.
  • Petrarch, influence of his poems on the literature of Italy, i. 5, 6.
    • Celebrity as a writer, 23.
    • His amatory verses, 25.
    • Causes co-operating to spread his renown, 26, 27.
    • His coronation at Rome, 28, 29.
    • His poetical powers, 30.
    • His genius, 31.
    • Paucity of his thoughts, 31.
    • His energy when speaking of the wrongs and degradation of Italy, 32.
    • His poems on religious subjects, 32.
    • Prevailing defect of his best compositions, 33.
    • His imitators, 34.
    • His sonnets, 35.
    • Remarks on his Latin writings, 36.
  • Phalaris, Letters of, controversy upon their merits and genuineness, ii. 592-596.
  • Philip II. of Spain, extent and splendor of his empire, ii. 130.
  • Philip III. of Spain, his accession, ii. 148.
    • His character, 148-150.
    • His choice of a wife, 154.
    • Obliged to fly from Madrid, 166.
    • Surrender of his arsenal and ships at Carthagena, 167.
    • Defeated at Almenara, and again driven from Madrid, 173.
    • Forms a close alliance with his late competitor, 183.
    • Quarrels with France; value of his renunciation of the crown of France, 184.
  • Philip, Duke of Orleans, regent of France, ii. 118-120.
    • Compared with Charles II. of England, 119, 120.
  • Philips, Ambrose, friend of Addison, iii. [438].
  • Philips, Sir Robert, ii. 425.
  • Philosophical Church, the, iii. [39].
    • Its philanthropic tendency, [39].
    • Its extravagance, [42].
  • Philosophy, ancient, its characteristics, ii. 445.
    • Its stationary character, 449, 465.
    • Its alliance with Christianity, 452, 453.
    • Its fall, 453.
    • Its merits compared with the Baconian, 465-469.
    • Reason of its barrenness, 482.
  • Philosophy, moral, its relation to the Baconian system, ii. 472.
  • Philosophy, natural, the light in which it was viewed by the ancients, ii. 445-452.
    • New features of Bacon's, 455.
  • Pilgrim's Progress, Bunyan's, its characteristic peculiarity, i. 745.
    • Liked by all classes, 746.
    • Characters real beings, 748.
    • Not a consistent allegory, 749.
    • Portrays its author's internal conflicts, 754.
    • Depicts characters and judicial scenes typical of the time, 756.
  • Pisistratus, Bacon's comparison of Essex to, ii. 388.
  • Pitt, William, the elder. See Chatham, Earl of.
  • Pitt, William, the younger, sides with Hastings at first, iii. [207].
    • Supports the Benares charge against him, [216].
    • Motive alleged, [219].
  • Pius V., a bigot, ii. 662.
  • Plain Dealer, Wycherley's, its appearance and merit, iii. [70], [79].
  • Plassey, battle of, ii. 713-715.
    • Its effect in England, 723.
  • Plato, never sullen, ii. 359.
    • Comparison of his views with those of Bacon, 456-469.
    • His excellence in the art of dialogue, 590.
  • Plutarch, his school of historical writers, their faults, i. 251.
    • Out of sympathy with their subjects, 252.
    • Their cant about patriotism, 254.
    • Their influence on England slight, 255.
    • The French affected by, 257; ii. 124.
    • His evidence of gift-taking by Athenian judges, 431.
    • His anecdote of a speech by Lysias, 601.
  • Poetry, semi-civilization most favorable to the creation of, i. 86.
    • Defined, 89.
    • Use of the supernatural in, 101, 102.
    • Application of criticism to, 191.
    • Need of skill in, 198.
    • Revivals of, 203.
    • Its decay retarded in England by the drama, 209.
    • Meaning of correctness in, 581.
    • Its object, 587.
    • Its imitation, 588.
    • Revival of, in England, 591.
    • Byron's share in its revival, 594.
  • Pole, Cardinal, ii. 69.
  • Politian, quoted, ii. 286.
  • Political Science, progress of, ii. 300, 307, 303, 355, 356.
  • Polybius, authenticity his only merit as an historian, i. 251.
  • Pondicherry, ii. 686.
  • Pope, Alexander, first English author to be free of patronage, i. 548.
    • Deterioration of his school, 591.
    • Admired by Byron, 594.
    • Enriched by political favors, 722.
    • Esteemed by Johnson, 733.
    • Friendship with Wycherley, iii. [74].
    • Defends Addison's Cato, [461].
    • Estranged from Addison, [469].
    • His character leads to a suspicion of malignity, [473].
    • Attacks Addison in Atticus, [474].
  • Popes, the, restraint of, in Italy, i. 145.
    • Ranke's History of, reviewed, iii. [1-46].
  • Popish Plot, the, ii. 321-325.
  • Popoli, Duchess of, saved by the Earl of Peterborough, ii. 164.
  • Population, theory of excess of, a reflection on the Deity, i. 611.
    • Sadler's law of, 615.
    • Disproved by evidence, 617.
    • Its dependence on wealth, 631.
    • Further refutation of Sadler's law, 670 et seq.
  • Portico, school of the, its doctrines, ii. 450.
  • Portocarrero, Cardinal, ii. 144-148.
    • Louis XIV.'s opinion of him, 154.
    • His disgrace and reconciliation with the Queen Dowager, 167.
  • Posidonius, on the value of philosophy, ii. 445.
  • Post Nati, the, great case of, in the Exchequer Chamber, conducted by Bacon; doubts upon the legality of the decision, ii. 402.
  • Pragmatic Sanction, agreed to, iii. [257].
    • Entirely destroyed by Frederic the Great's action, [262].
  • Prerogative, royal, curtailed by the Revolution, ii. 211.
    • Bolingbroke proposes to strengthen it, 211. See Crown.
  • Press, the, emancipation of, i. 369.
    • Censorship of, in the reign of Elizabeth, ii. 76.
  • Prince, The, Machiavelli's, i. 176.
    • Compared to Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws, 180.
  • Printing, its inventor and the date of its discovery unknown, ii. 452.
  • Privy Council, Temple's plan for its reconstitution, ii. 553.
    • Mr. Courtenay's opinion of its absurdity contested, 554-565.
    • Barillon's remarks upon it, 556.
  • Progress of mankind, in the political and physical sciences, ii. 300-306.
    • In intellectual freedom, 380.
    • The key of the Baconian doctrine, 445.
    • How retarded by the unprofitableness of ancient philosophy, 445-472.
  • Protestantism, early history of, ii. 73, 74.
    • Its attitude toward private judgment, 643.
    • Rapid advance of, iii. [14].
    • Struggle with Catholicism, [25].
    • Dissension in the ranks of, [28].
    • Vanquished and humbled, [34].
    • Productive of prosperity to its adherents, [36].
    • Non-extension of, remarkable, [45].
  • Protestant Nonconformists, in the reign of Charles I., intolerance of, ii. 42.
  • Protestants and Catholics, relative numbers of, in the 16th century, ii. 83, 84.
  • Provence, earliest civilized portion of Western Europe, iii. [9].
  • Prussia, king of, subsidized by the Pitt and Newcastle ministry, ii. 278.
    • Its beginnings, iii. [243].
    • Becomes a kingdom, [244].
    • Condition of, under Frederic the Great, [275].
    • Fearful devastation of, in the Seven Years' War, [329].
  • Prynne, pilloried and mutilated, ii. 23, 29.
  • Public opinion, power of, ii. 209.
  • Public spirit, an antidote against bad government, ii. 78.
    • A safe-guard against legal oppression, 79.
  • Puffing, used to float poor books, i. 549.
    • Method employed, 550.
    • Discreditable to the author puffed, 552.
    • Its effect, 553.
  • Pulteney, William, his opposition to Walpole, ii. 213, 239.
    • Moved the address to the king on the marriage of the Prince of Wales, 246.
    • His unpopularity, 253.
    • Accepts a peerage, 254.
  • Puritans, absurd and brilliant characteristics of, i. 128-132.
    • Theatres closed by, 209.
    • Persecution of, by Elizabeth, inexcusable, 295.
    • Their persecution by Charles I., ii. 22.
    • Settlement in America, 29.
    • Blamed for calling in the Scots, 34.
    • Defended against this accusation, 34, 35.
    • Difficulty and peril of their leaders, 44.
    • The austerity of their manners drove many to the royal standard, 55.
    • Their position at the close of the reign of Elizabeth, 380.
  • Pym, John, intimate with Hampden, ii. 31.
    • His influence, 36.
    • His impeachment ordered by the King, 45.
    • Lady Carlisle's warning to him, 46.
  • Pynsent, Sir William, his legacy to Chatham, iii. [645].
  • Quebec, conquest of, by Wolfe, ii. 276.
  • Quintilian, as a critic, i. 42.