The German Element in Brazil / Colonies and Dialect

by Benjamin Franklin Schappelle

FOOTNOTES:

[1] V. Tootal, p. XCV.

[2] V. Klüpfel, pp. 121 and 162.

[3] Cf. Sommer: "Manoel Beckmann." German American Annals. New Series. Vol. 14, Nos. 5 and 6, 1916, pp. 189-196. Also Pereira da Silva: Quadros.... p. 111.

[4] V. Ludwig, p. 27.

[5] It is emphasized that only colonies (state, provincial, or private) in which the German element forms an important part of the population are noted.

[6] These are commonly designated as "Imperial Colonies."

[7] A comparatively very small number of Germans are located in the northern and western states of Brazil. They primarily follow business or professional careers and can hardly be classed as settlers. Consequently they do not come in consideration in this work.

[8] Cf. Sellin, Das Kaiserreich Brasilien, Vol. II, p. 80.

[9] Ibid.