[10] Formerly called "Philadelphia."
[11] Cf. Report of Pedro Rache, Inspector do Serviço de Povoamento, in Relatorio.
[12] Koehler was born in Mainz in 1810. At the age of 23 he went to Brazil and soon became a naturalized citizen of the country. He entered the government service and was promoted to the rank of major in the engineering corps in 1842. Died in Petropolis in 1847.
[13] Cf. report of the inspector Antonio Ribeiro de Castro Sobrinho in Relatorio.
[14] V. Marcondes de Souza: O Estado de São Paulo, p. 195. Cf. statement by Ernst Heinke in Jahrbuch, Erstes ..., p. 250.
[15] I.e., lease of a section of land for the return of one-half of the yearly products.
[16] A Prussian ministerial decree (also adopted by other German states) forbidding the emigration of German citizens to Brazil. In 1896 it was revoked for the three most southern states of Brazil, i.e., Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catharina and Paraná.
[17] Cf. statements by C.F. Scheler in Jahrbuch, Erstes ..., p. 175 ff.
[18] In 1828 according to Grossi, p. 168.
[19] Paraná was separated from São Paulo in 1853.