General Science - Bertha May Clark

INDEX

Absorption, of heat by lampblack, [143-144].
- of gases by charcoal, [57].
- of light waves, [135-138].
Accommodation of the eye, [123].
Acetanilid, [259].
Acetylene, as illuminant, [152-153].
- manufacture of, [152-153.]
- properties of, [220].
Acid, boric, [253].
- carbolic, [152], [251], [252].
- hydrochloric, [55], [80], [227], [238], [241].
- lactic, [230].
- oxalic, [247], [248].
- salicylic, [253].
- sulphuric, [55], [80], [240], [241], [307].
- sulphurous, [242].
Acids, action on litmus, [220].
Adenoids, [51].
Adulterants, detection of, [16].
Air, characteristics of, [81-83], [86], [189].
- compressibility of, [91].
- expansion of, [10-11].
- humidity, [38], [39].
- pumps, [201-205].
- transmits sound, [269].
- weight of, [86].
- See [Atmosphere].
Alcohol, [234].
- in patent medicines, [260].
Alizarin, [248].
Alkali, [222].
Alternating current, [351].
Alum, [247].
- in baking powder, [230].
Ammeter, [341], [343].
Ammonia, [152].
- a base, [221-222].
- in bath, [226].
- in manufacture of ice, [98].
- neutralizing chlorine, [240].
Ampere, [342].
Anemia, [259].
Angle, of incidence, [110].
- of reflection, [110].
- of refraction, [114].
Aniline, [152], [245].
Animal charcoal, [58].
Animal transportation, [132].
Antichlor, [240].
Antipyrin, [259].
Armature, [319], [320].
- dynamo, [350].
- motor, [335].
Artificial lighting, [148-153].
Atmosphere, [81].
- carbon dioxide in, [54-55].
- height of, [81].
- nitrogen and oxygen in, [262].
- pressure of, [82-86].
- water vapor in, [36-38].
- weight, [86].
- See [Air].
Atmospheric pressure, [82-86].
Atomizer, [92].
Atoms, [102].
Automobiles, gas engines, [185].
Axis of a lens, [119].

Bacteria, [133].
- as nitrogen makers, [263].
- destroyed by sunlight, etc., [133], [250], [251].
- diseases caused by, [133].
- in butter and cheese, [133].
Baking powder, [229-230].
Baking soda, [227-229].
Barograph, [87].
Barometer, aneroid, [84-85].
- mercury, [84].
- use in weather predictions, [86-87].
Bases, action on litmus, [221-222].
- properties, [220-222].
Battery, electric, [311].
Beans, as food, [66].
- roots take in nitrogen, [263].
Bell, electric, [319-321].
Benzine, [150].
- as a cleaning agent, [227].
Benzoate of soda, [253].
Bicarbonate of soda, in fire extinguisher, [55], [56].
- in Rochelle salt, [227].
- in soda mints, [231].
- in seidlitz powder, [231].
Bicycle pumps, [202].
Blasting, by electricity, [314].
Bleaching, [237-243].
- by chlorine, [238-240].
Bleaching powder, [239-240].
Body, human, [63-64].
- a conductor of electricity, [292].
Boiling, [31].
- amount of heat absorbed, [31-32].
- of milk, [32].
- of water, [77].
- point, [15].
Bomb calorimeter, [61].
Borax, as meat preservative, [253].
- as washing powder, [226].
Boric acid, as meat preservative, [253].
Boyle's law, [95-96].
Bread, [232-233].
- unleavened, [233].
Bread making, [232-235].
Breathing, hygienic habits of, [50].
- by mouth, [50-51].
Burns, treatment of, [52-53].
Butter, adulteration test, [16].
- bacteria in, [133].
Buttermilk, [230].

Caisson, [203-204].
Calcium carbide, [152-153].
- in making nitrogenous fertilizer, [264].
Calico printing, [249].
Calorie, [27-28], [61-62].
Calorimeter, [61].
Camera, [128-129].
- films, [129].
- lens, [129].
- plates, [129].
Camping, water supply, [195-197].
Candle, [148-149].
- as standard for light-measure, [104-105].
Candle-power, [105-107].
Carbide, calcium, [152]-153, [264].
Carbohydrates, [64-65], [149].
Carbolic acid, [152].
- as disinfectant, [251].
Carbon, [56], [66].
in voltaic cells, [308].
Carbon dioxide, [53].
- as fire extinguisher, [55-56].
- commercial use, [55-56].
- in baking soda, [228].
- in fermentation, [234].
- in health, [54].
- in plants, [55].
- preparation of, [55].
- source of, [53].
- test for, [228].
Catarrh, [259].
Caustic lime, [222]..
Caustic potash, [222].
Caustic soda, [218], [222].
- to make a salt, [227].
Caves and caverns, [71].
Cell, dry, [310].
- gravity, [309-310].
- voltaic, [306-308], [310].
Cells of human body, [63], [64], [66].
Centigrade thermometer, [15].
Central heating plant, [19].
Chalk, in making carbon dioxide, [55].
Charcoal as a filter, [57].
- commercially, [57].
- preparation, [57-58].
Chemical action, and electricity, [307], [315-317].
- and light, [126], [127].
Chemistry, in daily life, [218], [219].
Chills, [38].
Chloride of lime, in bleaching, [240].
- disinfectant, [251].
Chlorine, and hydrogen, [239].
- effect upon human body, [239].
- in bleaching, [238]-240.
- influence of light upon, [126].
- presence in salt, [227].
Circuit, electric, [321].
- local, in telegraph, [325-326].
City water supply, [206-212].
Clarinet, [297].
Cleaning of material, [226], [243].
Climate, influenced by presence of water, [29], [40].
Clover, nitrogen producers, [263].
Coal, [30].
Coal gas, [150], [151].
- by-products, [152].
Coal oil, [149], [150].
Coal tar dyes, [152], [218], [245].
Cogwheels, [170].
Coil, current-bearing, [320].
- magnetic field about, [331-333].
Coke, [152].
Cold storage, [97].
Color, [134-141].
- and heat, [142], [143].
- influenced by light, [137].
- of opaque bodies, [136], [137].
- of transparent bodies, [135], [136].
Color blindness, [140], [141].
- designs in cloth, [248], [249].
Colors, compound, [138], [139].
- essential, [139-140].
- primary, [135].
- simple, [138].
- spectrum, [134-135].
- variety in dyeing, [247], [248].
Combustion, heat of, [45].
- spontaneous, [52].
Commutator, [335].
Compass, [328].
Compound colors, [138], [139].
Compound machine, [171].
Compound substances, [103].
Compression of air, [91], [92].
- cause of heat, [96].
Compression pumps, [201], [205].
Concave lens, [118].
Condensation, [33].
- heat set free, [40].
Conduction of heat, [25].
Conductivity metals, [321].
Conductors, electric, [321], [322].
Conservation, of energy, [58], [59].
- of matter, [58], [59].
Convection, [24], [25].
Convex lens, [118].
Cooling, by evaporation, [35-36].
- by expansion, [97].
Copper, in electric cell, [307].
Core, iron, [319].
Corn, bleached with sulphurous acid, [242].
Cotton, mercerized, [218].
- bleaching, [241].
- dyeing, [245-247].
Cough sirup, [258].
Crane, compound machine, [172].
Cream of tartar, [229].
Creosote oil, [254].
Crude petroleum, [149], [150].
Current, electric, [306], [312].
- alternating, [349].
- induced, [346-347].
- measurement of, [340].
- resistance, [312], [343], [345].
- strength, [339], [340], [344].

Dams, [214-216].
Decay, [49].
Decomposition of soil by water, [70-74].
Degrees Fahrenheit and Centigrade, [15].
Density, [11].
Designs in cloth, printed, [248], [249].
- woven, [249].
Developer in photography, [128].
Dew, [36], [37].
Dew point, [38].
Diarrhea, [251].
Diet, [62], [66].
- economy on table, [66-69].
Discord, reason for, [271].
Disease, and surface water, [76].
- relation of light to, [131-132].
Disease disinfectants, [250], [251], [252].
Distillation, [34]-35.
- in commerce, [35].
- of petroleum, [149-150].
- of soft coal, [150].
- of water, [34], [35], [77].
Diving suits, [204].
Door bells, [319-321].
Drainage, of land, [194], [195].
- sewage, [196], [198], [199], [201].
Drilled well, [199].
Drinking water, [75-77].
- in camping, [195-196].
- and rural supplies, [198], [201].
Driven well, [196-197].
Drought, [217].
Drugs, [255], [260].
Dry cell, [312].
Dyeing, [244-249].
- color designs, [248].
Dyeing, direct, [245].
- home, [247].
- indirect, [247].
- variety of color, [247].
Dyes, [218], [244], [245].
Dynamo, [346].
- alternating current, [349].
- source of energy, [346-347].

Ear, in man, [301-303].
- care of, [303].
Earth, conductor of electricity, [326].
Echo, [277].
Economy in buying food, [66]-69.
Effort, muscular, [155], [160].
Electric, battery, [311].
- bell, [319-321].
- bread toasters, [314].
- conductors and non-conductors, [321-322].
- cost of, energy, [352].
- current, [306], [312].
- flatiron, [313].
- heating pad, [314].
- lights, [314].
- street cars, [337].
Electricity, heat, [312-315], [339].
- as a magnet, [319], [331-333].
- practical uses of, [312-317].
Electrodes, of cell, [308].
Electrolytic metals, [317].
Electromagnets, [319].
Electromotive force, [308].
- unit of, [344].
Electroplating, [315].
Electrotyping, [317].
Elements, [102-103].
Emulsion, [224].
Energy, conservation of, [58], [59].
- transformations of, [58], [59].
Engine, steam, [183-185].
- gas, [185-186].
- horse power, [173].
Erosion, [73-74].
Essential colors, [139-140].
Evaporation, [35-39].
- cooling effect, [35-36].
- effect of temperature on, [35], [36].
- effect of air on, [38].
- freezing by, [98].
- heat absorbed, [36].
- of perspiration, [38].
Expansion, of air, [10], [11].
- cooling effect of, [97].
- disadvantage and advantage of, [11-13].
- of liquids, [9-11].
- of solids, [10], [11].
- of water, [9], [10], [11], [12].
- Eye, [122-125].
- headache, [124], [125].
- how focused, [122], [123].
- nearsighted and farsighted, [123].
- strain, [125].

Fahrenheit thermometer, [15].
Fats, [65].
- in soap making, [223].
Fermentation, [232-236].
- by yeast, [234-236].
Ferric compounds, [248].
Fertilizers, [262-265].
- nitrogen, [262].
- phosphorus, [263], [264].
- potash, [263-265].
Field magnet, [336].
Filings, iron, [329].
Film, photographic, [129].
Filter, charcoal, [57].
Filtering water, [77].
Fire, [9].
- and oxygen, [45], [47].
- and tinder box, [47].
- making of, [51].
- primitive production of, [47].
- produced by friction, [47].
- spontaneous combustion, [52].
- sores and burns, [52-53].
- extinguisher, [55], [56].
Fireless cooker, [25], [26].
Fireplaces, [17], [18].
Fixing, in photography, [128].
Flame, hydrogen, [80].
Flood, Johnstown, [214], [215].
- relation to forests, [217].
Flour, self-raising, [231].
Flume, [177].
Flute, [297].
Focal length, [118].
Focus, of lens, [118].
Fog, [37].
Food, [60]-69.
- carbohydrates, [64], [65].
- economy in buying, [66-69].
- fats, [65].
- fuel value of, [60-62].
- need of, [63], [64].
- preservatives, [252].
- proteids, [66].
- value, [67].
- waste, [60].
- water in, [75].
Foot pound, [172].
Force and motion, [156], [157].
- and work, [156], [157].
- magnetic lines of, [329-331], [334].
- muscular, [155], [160].
Force pumps, [192], [193].
Forests and water supply, [216-217].
Forging of iron, [40], [41].
Formaldehyde, [253].
Freezing, effect of salt, [44].
- effect on ground and rocks, [42].
- expansion of water on, [41].
- ice cream freezer, [44].
Frequency in music, [273], [275].
Fresh air, [22]-24, [49].
- amount consumed by gas burner, [22].
- and health, [49], [50].
- in underground work, [202].
- in work under water, [203-205].
Friction, [173], [174].
- losses by, [174], [210].
- source of heat and fire, [47].
Frost, [36], [37].
Fruit, canned, bleached with sulphurous acid, [242].
- colored with coal tar dyes, [253].
Fuel value of foods, [60-62].
- table of fuel values, [67].
Fulcrum, [159], [160].
Fumigation, [251].
Fundamental tone, [290], [291], [292].
Furnace, hot air, [19].
Fuse, [340].
Fusion, heat of, [40].

Galvanometer, [341].
Gas, acetylene, [152], [153].
- and unburned carbon, [151].
- coal, [151], [152].
- effect of heat on volume, [96], [97].
- effect of pressure on volume, [95-96].
- engine, [185]-186.
- for cooking, [151], [152].
- illuminating, [92], [93], [150], [151].
- liquefaction, [97], [98].
- meter, [93], [94].
- natural, [152].
Gasolene, [149], [150].
- as cleaning agent, [227], [243].
- in gas engine, [185], [186].
Gauge, pressure, [92-94].
Gelatin, plate and film, [129].
Glass, kinds of, [119].
- molding of, [40].
- non-conductor, [321].
Grape juice, fermented with millet, [233].
Gravity cell, [309], [310].
Grease, and lye, [221].
- and soap making, [223].
Gulf Stream, [24].

Hard water, and soap, [225].
Harp, [295].
Headache, [124], [125].
- powders, [259].
Health, effect of diet, [62], [64].
Heat, [9].
- absorbed in boiling, [31-32].
- and disease germs, [250].
- and food, [252].
- and friction, [47].
- and light, [142], [147].
- and oxidation, [45], [48], [49].
- and wave motion, [145-147].
- conduction, [25].
- convection, [24], [25].
- from burning hydrogen, [80].
- from electricity, [312-315], [339].
- needed to melt substances, [39].
- of fusion, [40].
- of vaporization, [32].
- produced by compression, [96].
- relation of water to weather, [29], [40].
- set free by freezing water, [40].
- sources of, [29-30].
- specific, [28-29].
- temperature, [27].
- unit of, [27], [28].
Heating effect of electric current, [312-315].
Heating of buildings: central heating plant, [19].
- fireplaces, [17-18].
Heating, furnaces, [19].
- hot water, [19-22].
Helix, [318].
Horse power, [173], [351].
Hot water heating, [19-22].
Hues, primary, [135].
Humidity, [38].
- proper percentage for health and comfort, [38], [39].
Humus, [216], [217].
Hydrocarbons, [149].
Hydrochloric acid, composition, [227].
- in bleaching, [241].
- to make a salt, [227].
- to make carbon dioxide, [55].
- to make chlorine, [238].
- to make hydrogen, [80].
Hydrogen, [65], [66].
- and chlorine, [239].
- and water, [79].
- chemical conduct, [126-127].
- flame, [80].
- in voltaic cell, [307].
- peroxide, [53], [252].
- preparation, [80].
- to liquefy, [97].

Ice, lighter than water, [42].
- manufacture of, [98], [99].
Ice cream freezers, [44].
Illuminating gas, manufacture of, [150], [151].
- measurement of quantity consumed, [93], [94].
- test of pressure, [92], [93].
Illumination, intensity of, [105], [106].
Image, in mirror, [108], [111].
Incandescent lighting, [107], [314].
Incidence, angle of, [110].
Inclined plane, [162-166].
- screw, [166].
- wedge, [166].
Indigo, [218].
Induced current, [346-347].
Ink spots, removal of, [243].
Insoluble substances, [71].
Insulators, electric, [324].
Intensity, of light, [105-107].
- of sound, [270-271].
Interval, in musical scale, [283].
Iron, forging, [41].
- filings, [329].
- galvanizing, [49].
- oxidation of, [48].
Irrigation, [193-194].
Isobaric lines, [88], [91].
Isothermal lines, [89], [91].