General Science - Bertha May Clark

Johnstown flood, [214], [215].

Kerosene, [149], [150].
Kilowatt, [351].

Lactic acid, [230].
Leaves, [132], [262].
Lens, [117-121].
- concave, [118].
- converging, [118].
- crystalline, of eye, [122].
- focal length, [118].
- material, [119].
- refractive power, [119].
Lever, [158-162].
- examples, [160-162].
- fulcrum, [159], [160].
Life, and carbon dioxide, [54].
- and nitrogen, [261].
- and oxygen, [49], [54].
Lifting pumps, [189-192].
Light, absorption, [135-138].
- and heat, [142-147].
- a wave motion, [145-147].
- bent rays, [113], [114].
- chemical action, [126-127].
- disease, [131-132].
- essential to life, [131], [132].
- fading illumination, [105], [106].
- influence on color, [134].
- reflection of, [109-112].
- refraction of, [113-125].
- travels in a straight line, [108].
- white, composed of colors, [134].
Lighting, artificial, [148-153].
Lime, chloride of, [240], [251].
Limewater, [220].
- and carbon dioxide, [228].
Linen, bleaching, [241].
- dyeing, [245-247].
Lines, of force, [329-331], [334].
- isobaric, [88], [91].
- isothermal, [89], [91].
Liquefaction of gases, [97], [98].
Liquid air, [98].
Liquid soap, [223], [224].
Litmus, action of acids, [220].
- action of bases, [221], [222].
- action of neutral substance, [222].
Logwood dyes, [245], [247], [248].
Los Angeles aqueduct, [211].
Lye, [221], [222].

Machines, compound, [171].
- inclined plane, [162-166].
- lever, [158-162].
- pulley, [166-169].
- wheel and axle, [169-171].
Madder, for dyes, [245].
Magnet, [328].
- electro-, [319].
- field of, [329-331].
- lines of force about, [329-331].
- poles of, [330-332].
- properties of electricity, [318].
Magnetic, needle, [328].
- poles, [329-331].
Magnifying power, of a lens, [115].
- of a microscope, [115].
- of a telescope, [115].
Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, [71].
Manganese dioxide, [46].
- chlorine made from, [238].
- oxygen made from, [46].
Marble, for carbon dioxide, [55].
Matches, [47].
- safety, [47-48].
Matching colors, [137].
Matter, conservation of, [58], [59].
Meat, [66].
- preservation of, [253].
Mechanical devices, [154], [155].
Melting, [39], [40].
Melting point, [40].
Melting substances without a definite melting point, [40].
Mercerized cotton, [218].
Mercury, barometer, [84].
- thermometer, [14-17].
Metals, electroplating, [317].
- preservation by paint, [253-254].
- veins deposited by precipitation, [72], [73].
- welding, [315].
Meter, gas, [93], [94].
Microörganisms, [132], [133].
Microscope, [115].
Milk, boiling point, [32].
- Pasteurized, [250].
Minerals, in foods, [62], [63].
- in water, [70], [71].
Mirrors, [108-112].
- distance of image behind mirror, [111].
- distance of object in front of mirror, [111].
- image a duplicate of object. [111].
Molding of glass, [40].
Molecule, [100-103].
Mordants, [247], [248], [249].
Morphine, [257].
Morse, telegraphic code, [324].
Motion, in sound, [266], [278], [280].
- in work, [156].
Motor, electric, [336].
- principle of, [333].
- street car, [337].
Mouth breathing, [50].
- cause of, [51].
Movable pulley, [167], [168].
Music, [278].
Musical instruments, percussion, [299].
- stringed, [284-295].
- wind, [295], [299].
Musical scale, [282].

Naphtha in gas engines, [185].
Naphthalene, [152].
Narcotics, [255].
Natural gas, [152].
Needle, magnetic, [328].
Negative, electrode, [308].
- photographic, [130].
Neutral substance, [222].
- and litmus, [222].
Neutralization, [222].
Niagara Falls, [176].
Nitrogen, [66].
- and bacteria, [263].
- and plant life, [261].
- in atmosphere, [261].
- in fertilizer, [262-265].
- in food, [66].
- preparation of, [261].
- properties of, [261].
Noise in music, [280].
Non-conductors, of electricity, [321-322].
- of heat, [25].
Nutcracker, as a lever, [162].

Oboe, [297].
Octave, [284].
Odors, [101].
Ohm, unit of resistance, [345].
Oil, gasoline, [149], [150].
- kerosene, [149], [150].
- lubricating, [174].
- olive, [16].
Orchestra grouping, [299].
Ore, [72].
Organ pipes, [297].
Overtones, [290-293].
Oxalic acid, [247], [248].
Oxidation, [45-59].
- and decay, [49].
- heat the result of, [49-52].
- in human body, [49], [53].
- of iron, [48].
Oxygen, [66].
- and bleaching, [239].
- and combustion, [45].
- and food, [66].
- and plants, [55].
- and the human body, [50].
- and water, [79], [80].
- in the atmosphere, [45].
- preparation of, [46].

Paint, as wood and metal preservatives, [253], [254].
- removal of stains, [243].
Paper making, [219].
Paraffin, [150], [321].
Pasteurized milk, [250].
Patent medicines, [257-260].
Peas, sources of nitrogen, [263].
Pelton wheel, [177].
Percussion instruments, [299].
Period of a body, [273].
Peroxide of hydrogen, [53], [252]
Petrolatum, [150].
Petroleum, [149], [150].
Phonograph, [303-305].
Phosphorus, in fertilizer, [263], [264].
- in making nitrogen, [261].
- in matches, [47], [48].
- poisoning by, [47].
Photography, [127-131].
Photometer, [107].
Pianos, [284-292].
Pin wheel, [181].
Pitch of sound, [280], [281].
- cause of, [282].
- in wind instruments, [296-299].
Plane, inclined, [162-166].
Plants, and atmosphere, [55].
- and light, [131-132].
- and nitrogen, [261].
Plate developing, photographic, [128].
Pneumatic dispatch tube, [205].
Poles, magnetic, [330-332].
- of cell, [308].
Positive electrode, [308].
Potash, in fertilizer, [263-265].
Potassium chlorate and oxygen, [46].
- permanganate, [100].
- tartrate and Rochelle salt, [227].
Power, candle, [105-107].
- electric, [351].
- horse, [173], [351].
- sources of, [174], [175], [185].
- transmission by belts, [171].
- water, [176-180].
Precipitation, [72], [73].
Preservatives, food, [252].
- wood and metal, [253-254].
Pressure, atmospheric, [82-86].
- calculation of atmospheric, [83], [84].
- calculation of gas, [92], [93].
- calculation of water, [94].
- gauge, [92-94].
- of illuminating gas, [93].
- relation of pressure of gas to volume, [95], [96].
- water pressure, [208-211], [214-216].
- within the body, [86].
Primary colors, [135].
Print, photographic, [131].
Printing, color designs in cloth, [248], [249].
- electrotype, [317].
Prisms, [135].
- refraction through, [117].
Proteids, [66].
Pulleys, [166-169].
- applications of, [169].
Pump, [187-205].
- air, [201-205].
- force, [192], [193].
- lifting, [189-192].
Pupil of the eye, [122].
Pure food laws, bleaching, [242].
- preservatives, [252].
Purification of water, [77], [196].
Push button, [321].

Radiator, [19-21].
Railroads, grading of, [165-166].
Rain, [36], [37].
Rainbow, [134].
Rain water, [225].
Reflection, angle of, [110].
- of light, [109-112].
- of sound, [278], [279].
Refraction, angle of, [114].
- by atmosphere, [114].
- of light, [113].
- uses of, [115-116].
Relay, telegraph, [325].
Reservoir, [214].
- artificial, [211].
- construction of, [214-216].
- natural, [211].
Resistance, electrical, [312].
- internal, of cell, [343].
- unit of, [345].
Resonance, [276].
River, volume and value of, [180].
Roads, application of inclined plane to, [165-166].
Rochelle salt, [227], [231].
Rocks, effect of freezing water on, [42-43].
- water as a solvent, [71].
Rosin, obtained by distillation, [35].

Safety matches, [47-48].
Salicylic acid, [253].
Salt, [227-228].
Salts, [227].
- general properties, [227].
- in ocean, [227].
- smelling, [222].
Saturation of air, [37].
Scale, musical, [282].
Screw, and inclined plane, [166].
Seaweed, [265].
Seidlitz powder, [231].
Self-raising flour, [231].
Sewage, disposition of, [198-199].
- of camps, [196].
- source of revenue, [201].
Sewer gas, [57].
Silk, bleaching, [241].
- dyeing, [245-247].
Silver chloride, [127-131].
Simple colors, [138].
Simple substances, [103].
Siren, [280].
Smelling salts, [222].
Snow, [36-37].
Soap, [222-224].
- and hard water, [225].
- liquid, [223-224].
- preparation, [223].
Soda, baking, [227], [228-229].
- benzoate, [253].
- caustic, [218], [222], [223], [227].
- washing, [225], [226], [229].
Soda mints, [231].
Sodium, bicarbonate, [56], [227], [228], [230-231].
- carbonate, [228].
- chloride, [228].
Soil, deposited by streams, [73].
Solenoid, [318].
Solution, [70].
Soothing sirup, [258].
Sound, and motion, [266], [278].
- musical, [278].
- nature of, [266].
- reflection, [277].
- speed of, [271-272].
- transmission of, [267-271].
- velocity of, [271-272].
- waves, [272-274].
Sounder, telegraph, [324].
Sounding board, [277].
Sour milk in cooking, [230].
Specific heat, [28-29].
Spectrum, [134-135].
Speed, of sound, [271], [272].
Spontaneous combustion, [52].
Stains, removal of, [226], [243].
Standpipes, [212].
Starch, [65].
Steam, and work, [183-184].
- engine, [183-185].
- heat of vaporization, [32].
- heating by, [33].
- turbine, [183-184].
Steel, forging and annealing, [16].
Stoves, [18-19].
Streams, carriers of mud, [73].
- volume of, [179-180].
Street cars, electric, [337].
Stringed instruments, [284-295].
Strings, vibrating, [286-290].
Sugar, [16], [65].
- fermented by yeast, [234].
Sulphur, [66].
- as disinfectant, [251].
- in making sulphurous acid, [242].
Sulphuric acid, in bleaching, [240],[241].
- in fire extinguisher, [55].
- in making of hydrogen, [80].
- in voltaic cell, [307].
Sulphurous acid, in bleaching, [242].
- preparation, [242].
Sun, energy derived from, [143-144].
- source of heat, [29-30].
Sunlight, [135].
- and bacteria, [133].
- and chemical action, [126-127].
Sympathetic vibrations, [274-277].

Tallow, [105], [148].
Tartar, cream of, [229].
Telegraph, [322].
- long distance, [327].
- relay, [325].
- sounder, [324].
Telephone, [350-351].
Temperature, [13-14].
- as measurement of heat present, [27].
- in detecting adulterants, [17].
- in forging steel, [16].
- in making sirups, [16].
- measurement of, [14-15].
Thermometer, [14-17].
- Centigrade, [15].
- Fahrenheit, [15].
Tinder box, [47].
Transmission, of light, [145-147].
- of sound, [267-271].
Tuning fork, [266], [273], [278], [290].
Turbine, steam, [183].
- water, [178].
Turpentine, and grease, [226].
- by distillation, [35].