[Footnote 189: Notice Sing. number.]
When the "doer" is mentioned the following construction is often used—
Á estos niños los aman sus padres: These children are loved by their parents.
The English present participle used substantively is rendered in Spanish by a noun or by the infinitive mood of the verb generally preceded by the definite article, as—
El cambio de las condiciones: The changing of the terms.
El cambiar las condiciones: The changing of the terms.
Su comunicación á las autoridades de la Aduana,
El escribir or el haber escrito él á las autoridades de la Aduana:
His writing to the custom-house authorities.
El vender á crédito á largos plazos no es un principio sano:
Selling on credit with long terms is not a sound practice.
Prefiero comprar disponible (or las compras de disponible):
I prefer spot buying.
=_The English gerund following "by" is translated by the gerund without preposition or by the infinitive preceded by con, as—_=
Depositando (or con depositar) sus acciones se puso en perfecta regla:
By depositing his shares, he put himself in order.