A Catechism of the Steam Engine

by C. E. John Bourne

Eccentric, description of,
sometimes made loose for backing.
Eccentric and eccentric rod of oscillating engine.
Eccentric notch should be fitted with a brass bush.
Eccentric straps of locomotives,
rods of locomotives.
Eccentrics of locomotives,
how to readjust.
Economy of fuel in steam vessels.
Edwards, expansion valve by.
Elasticity, limits of.
Engine, high pressure, definition of,
low pressure, definition of.
Engines, classification of,
rotative, definition of;
rotatory, definition of;
single acting, definition of;
double acting, definition of;
mode of erecting in a vessel;
how to refix if they have become loose.
Engineers of steam vessels should make proper preparation for accidents.
Equilibrium slide valve,
grid-iron valve.
Erecting engines in a vessel.
Erection of engines in the workshop.
Escape valve on feed pipe.
Escape valves for letting water out of cylinders.
Evaporative efficacy of coal,
of wood, turf, and coke.
Evaporative power of boilers,
power generated by evaporation of a cubic foot of water;
increase of evaporation due to increased exhaustion in locomotives.
Excavator, Otis's.
Exhaustion produced by chimneys,
by the blast in locomotives;
increased evaporation from increased exhaustion.
Expanding mandrels for tubing boilers.
Expansion of air by heat.
Expansion of surcharged steam by heat.
Expansion of steam,
pressure of steam inversely as the space occupied;
law of expansion;
rule for computing the increase of efficiency produced by working
expansively;
necessity of efficient provisions against refrigeration in working
expansively;
advantages of steam jacket;
Forms of apparatus for working expansively: lap on the slide valve
wire drawing the steam;
Cornish expansion valve,
in rotative engines worked by a cam;
mode of varying the degree of expansion;
proper forms of cams;
the link motion;
expansion valves, by Cabrey, Fenton, Dodds, Farcot, Edwards,
Lavagrian, Bodmer, Meyer, Hawthorn, Gonzenbach, and Bourne.
Expansion joint in valve casing.
Expansion valves, Cornish,
the link motion;
by Cabrey, Fenton, Dodds, Farcot, Edwards, Lavagrian, Bodmer, Meyer,
Hawthorn, Gouzenbach, and Bourne.
Explosions of boilers,
causes of explosions;
precautions against;
dangers of accumulations of salt.

Face plates or planometers.
Falling bodies, laws of.
Farcot, expansion valve by.
Feathering paddle wheels, description of,
details of.
Feed pump, description of,
action of;
proper dimensions of;
rule for proportioning.
Feed pump plunger,
and valves.
Feed pumps of locomotives, details of.
Feed pumps of direct acting screw engines.
Fenton, expansion valve by.
Fire bars of locomotives.
Fire box of locomotives, mode of staying.
Fire box of modern locomotives.
Fire engines, cost of running.
Fire grate surface of boilers.
Fire grate in locomotives should be of small area,
coke proper to be burned per hour on each square foot of bars.
Firing furnaces, proper mode of.
Flaws in valves or cylinders, how to remedy.
Float for regulating water level in boilers.
Floats of paddle.
Floats of paddle wheels, increased resistance of, if oblique,
floats should be large.
Fly wheel corrects unequal leverage of crank,
proper energy for;
Boulton and Watt's rule for;
bursting velocity of;
description of;
action of, in redressing irregularities of motion.
Foot valve, description of,
proper dimensions of.
Foot valves might be made on Belidor's plan,
of india rubber.
Frame at stern for holding screw propeller.
Framing of locomotives.
Framing of oscillating engine.
Franklin Institute, experiments on steam by.
French Academy, experiments on steam by.
Friction, nature of,
does not vary as the rubbing surfaces, but as the retaining pressure;
does not increase with the velocity per unit of distance, but increases
with the velocity per unit of time;
measures of friction;
effect of unguents;
kind of unguent should vary with the pressure;
Morin's experiments;
rule for determining proper surfaces of bearings;
friction of rough surfaces.
Friction of the water the main cause of the resistance of vessels of good
shape.
Fuel burnt on each square foot of fire bars in wagon, Cornish, and
locomotive boilers,
economy of, in steam vessels.
Funnel casing.
Funnel, what to do if carried away.
Funnels of steam boats. See Chimneys.
Furnaces, proper mode of firing,
smoke burning: Williams's argand;
Prideaux's;
Boulton and Watt's dead plate;
revolving crate;
Juckes's;
Maudslay's;
Hull's, Coupland's, Godson's, Robinson's, Stevens's, Hazeldine's,
&c..
Furnaces of marine boilers, proper length of.
Furnace bridges, benefits of.
Fusible metal plugs useless as antidotes to explosions.

Gauges, vacuum,
steam;
gauge cocks and glass tubes for showing level of water in boiler,
description of.
Gauge cocks for showing level of water in boiler.
Gearing for screw engines.
Gibs and cutters, strengths proper for.
Giffard's injector.
Glass tubes for showing water level in boilers.
Glass tube cocks.
Gonzeubach, expansion valve by.
Gooch's indicator.
Gooch's locomotive.
Governor or conical pendulum,
description of.
Governor, Porter's patent.
Gravity, centre of.
"Great Western," boilers of, by Messrs. Maudslay.
Gridiron valve.
Griffith's screw.
Grinding corn, power necessary for.
Grinding of cylinders.
Gudgeons, strength proper for.
Guides of locomotives.
Guides of direct acting screw engine.
Gun metal, strength of.
Gyration, centre of.

Harvey and West's pump valves.
Hawthorn, expansion valve by.
Heat, latent, definition of.
Heat, specific, definition of.
Heat, Regnault's experiments on.
Heat, loss of, by blowing off marine boilers.
Heating surface of boilers.
Heating surface per square foot of fire bars in locomotives,
a cubic foot of water evaporates by five square feet of heating surface.
Heating of bearings, causes of,
bearings should always be slack at the sides, else the pressure is
infinite.
High pressure engine, definition of.
High pressure engines, power of.
High speed engines,
arrangements proper for high speeds.
Hoadley's portable engine.
Hodgson's screw.
Hoe & Co.'s steam engine.
Holding down bolts of marine engines,
or bolts for securing engines to hull.
Holms's screw propeller.
Horses power, definition of,
nominal horse power;
actual power ascertained by the indictator;
Admiralty rule for.
Hot water or feed pump, description of.
Hot well, description of.

Increasing pitch of screw.
Incrustation in boilers. See also Salt.
India rubber valves for air pump.
Indicator, description of the,
by McNaught, structure and mode of using;
Gooch's continuous indicator.
Injection cock.
Injection cocks of marine engines at ship's sides.
Injection orifice, proper area of.
Injector, Giffard's.
Injection valve.
Inside cylinder locomotives.
Iron, strength of,
limits of elasticity of;
proper strain to be put upon iron in engines and machines;
aggravation of strain by being intermittent;
increase of strain due to deflection;
strength of pillars and tubes,
combination of malleable and cast iron.
Iron, cast, strength of,
cast iron beams;
may be strong to resist strains, but not strong to resist shocks;
should be combined with wrought iron to obtain maximum strength.
Iron, if to be case hardened, should be homogeneous.

Jacket of cylinder, advantages of.
Joints, rust, how to make.

Kingston's valves.

Lamb's scale preventer.
Lantern brass in stuffing boxes.
Lap and lead of the valve, meaning of.
Large vessels have least proportionate resistance.
Latent heat, definition of.
Latta's steam fire engine.
Lavagrian, expansion valve by.
Lead and lap of the valve, meaning of.
Lead of the valve, benefits of.
Lever,
futility of plans for deriving power from a lever.
Lifting apparatus for screw propeller.
Limits of elasticity.
Links, main description of.

Link motion of direct acting screw engine.
Link motion, how to set.
Locomotive engines,
general description of the locomotive;
Stephenson's locomotive;
Gooch's locomotive for the wide gauge;
Crampton's locomotive for the narrow gauge.
Locomotives, adhesion of wheels of,
cost and performance of;
framing of;
cylinders of;
springs of;
outside and inside cylinders;
sinuous motion of;
rocking motion of;
pitching motion of;
pistons;
piston rods;
guides;
cranked axle;
axle bearings;
eccentrics;
eccentric rod;
starting handle;
link motion;
valves, how to set;
eccentrics, how to readjust;
feed pumps;
connection of engine and tender,
driving wheels;
wheel tires.
Locomotive engine of modern construction, example of,
fire box;
barrel of boiler;
tubes;
tube plate;
framing;
axle guards;
draw bolt;
wheels and axles;
cylinders;
valve;
piston;
piston rod;
guides;
connecting rod;
eccentrics;
link motion;
regulator;
blast pipe;
safety valve;
feed pump;
tendencies of improvement in locomotives.
Locomotives, management of.
Locomotive boilers, examples of modern proportions.
Locomotive boilers, details of.
Low pressure or condensing engine, definition of.
Lubrication of rubbing surfaces,
the friction depends mainly on the nature of lubricant;
oil forced out of bearings, if the pressure exceeds 800
lbs. per square inch longitudinal section;
water a good lubricant if the surfaces are large enough.
Lubrication of engine bearings.

McNaught's indicator.
Main beam, strength proper for.
Main centre, description of,
strength proper for.
Main links, description of,
strength proper for.
Mandrels, expanding, for tubing boilers.
Manhole door.
Manhole of locomotives.
Marine flue boilers, proportions of.
See also Boilers.
Marine boilers of modern construction, proper proportions of.
Marine engines. See Steam Engines, marine.
Mastic cement for setting marine boilers.
Maudslay, Messrs., boilers of "Retribution" and "Great Western," by,
Mechanical powers,
misconceptions respecting.
Mechanical power, definition of,
indestructible and eternal;
the sun the source of mechanical power.
Metallic packing for pistons.
Metallic packing for stuffing boxes.
Meyer, expansion valve by.
Miller, Ravenhill & Co.'s mode of fixing piston rod to piston.
Modern locomotives.
Momentum, or vis viva.
Morin, experiments on friction by.
Mudholes of locomotives.
Muntz's metal, composition of.