A Catechism of the Steam Engine

by C. E. John Bourne

"Niger" and "Basilisk," trials of.
"Nile," boilers of the, by Boulton and Watt.
Notch of eccentric should be fitted with brass bush.

Oils for lubrication. See Lubrication.
Oscillation, centre of.
Oscillating paddle engine, description of.
Oscillating engine, advantages of,
futility of objections to;
details of cylinder;
framing;
condenser;
air pump;
trunnions;
valve and valve casing;
piston;
piston rod;
air pump connecting rod and cross head;
air pump rod;
eccentric and eccentric rod;
valve gear;
valve sector;
shaft plummer blocks;
trunnion plummer blocks;
feathering paddle wheels;
packing of trunnions.
Oscillating engines, how to erect.
Otis's excavator.
Outside and inside cylinder locomotives.

Packing for stuffing box of Watt's engine.
Packing of piston of pumping engines, how to accomplish.
Packing of trunnions.
Paddle bolts, proper mode of forming.
Paddle centres.
Paddle floats.
Paddle shaft, description of.
Paddle shaft, details of.
Paddle shaft plummer blocks of oscillating engines.
Paddle wheels, details of,
structure and operation of;
slip of;
centre of pressure of;
rolling circle;
action of oblique floats;
rule for proportioning paddle wheels;
benefits of large floats.
Paddle wheels, feathering, description of;
details of.
Paddles and screw combined.
Parallel motion, description of,
how to lay off centres of.
Pendulum,
cause of vibrations of;
relation of vibrations of pendulum to velocity of falling bodies;
conical pendulum or governor.
Penn, Messrs., engines of "Great Britain," by,
direct acting screw engines by;
trunk engines by.
Performance of locomotives.
Pillars, hollow, strength of,
law of strength varies with thickness of metal.
Pipe for receiving screw shaft.
Pipes of marine engines.
Piston, description of,
how to pack with hemp.
Pistons, metallic packing for.
Pistons for oscillating engines.
Pistons, how to fit and finish.
Pistons of locomotives.
Piston rod, description of,
strength proper for.
Piston rods of locomotives.
Piston rod of oscillating engine.
Piston rods of direct acting screw engine.
Pitch of the screw.
Pitch, increasing or expanding.
Pitching motion in locomotives.
Planometers, or face plates.
Plummer blocks of shafts and trunnions of oscillating engines.
Plummer blocks for receiving thrust of screw propeller.
Plunger of feed pump.
Portable engine, Hoadley's.
Porter's patent governor.
Ports of the cylinder, area of.
Pot-lid valves of air pump.
Powers, mechanical,
misconception respecting.
Power, horses, definition of,
nominal and actual power;
power of high pressure engines.
Power necessary for thrashing and grinding corn, working sugar mills,
spinning cotton, sawing timber, grossing cotton, blowing furnaces,
driving piles, and dredging earth out of rivers.
Pressing cotton, power necessary for.
Priming, nature and causes of.
Priming, if excessive, may occasion explosion.
Propeller, screw, description of.
Proportions of screws with, two, four, and six blades.
Proving of boilers.
Prussiate of potash for case hardening.
Pumping engines, mode of erecting,
mode of starting.
Pumps, loss of effect in, at high speed and with hot water,
causes of this loss;
remedy for.
Pumps used for mines.
Pump, air, description, of,
action of.
Pumps, air, proper proportions of,
single and double acting.
Pump, centrifugal, better than common pump.
Pump, cold water, description of.
Pump, feed, description of,
action of;
proper dimensions of;
rule for proportioning;
plunger of;
valves of;
independent.
Pump valves for mines, &c.
Punching and shearing boiler plates.

Railway wheels, bursting velocity of.
Railway trains, resistance of.
Rarefaction or exhaustion produced by chimneys.
"Rattler" and "Alecto," trials of.
Registration, benefits of.
Regnault, experiments on heat by.
Regulator, a valve for regulating the admission of steam in locomotives,
description of;
various forms of.
Regulator, Clark's, patent steam and fire.
Rennie, experiments on friction by.
Resistance, experienced by railway trains.
Resistance of vessels in water,
mainly made up of friction;
experiments on.
Resistance and speed of vessels influenced by their size.
"Retribution," boilers of, by Messrs. Mandslay.
Riveting and caulking of land boilers.
Rocking motion of locomotives.
Rolling circle of paddle wheels.
Rotatory engines, definition of.
Rotative engines, definition of.
Rust joints, how to make.

Safety valve, area of, in low pressure engines,
in locomotives.
Salinometer, or salt gauge, how to use,
how to construct.
Salt, accumulation of, prevented in marine boilers by blowing off,
if allowed to accumulate in boilers may occasion explosion;
amount of, in sea water.
Salt water produces surcharged steam.
Salting of boilers, what to do if this takes place.
Sawing timber, power necessary for.
Scale in marine boilers. See also Salt.
Scale preventer, Lamb's.
Scrap iron, unsuitable for case hardening.
Scraping tools for metal surfaces.
Screw.
Screw engine, geared oscillating, description of,
direct acting, description of.
Screw engine, direct acting, by Messrs. John Bourne & Co.
Screw engines, best forms of.
Screw frame in deadwood.
Screw propeller, description of.
Screw propeller, mode of fixing on shaft,
modes of receiving thrust;
apparatus for lifting;
configuration of;
action of;
pitch of the screw;
screws of increasing or expanding pitch;
slip of the screw;
positive and negative slip;
screw and paddles compared;
test of the dynamometer;
trials of "Rattler" and "Alecto," and "Niger" and "Basilisk";
indicator and dynamometer power;
loss of power in screw vessels in head winds;
the screw should be deeply immersed;
screws of the Earl of Dundonald, Hodgson, Griffith, Holm, and Beattie;
lateral and retrogressive slip;
sterns of screw vessels should be sharp;
proportions of screws with two, four, and six blades;
screw vessels with auxiliary power;
screw and paddles combined;
economy of fuel in steam vessels;
benefits of registration.
Screw propeller, Holm's conchoidal.
Screw shaft, details of.
Screw shaft pipe at stern.
Screw shaft brasses of direct acting screw engines.
Sea water, amount of salt in.
Sea injection cocks.
Setting of wagon boilers,
of marine boilers.
Setting the valves of locomotives.
Shaft, paddle, details of.
Shaft of screw propeller, details of.
Shafts, strength of.
Shank's steam gauge.
Shocks may not be well resisted by iron that can well resist strains,
effect of inertia in resisting shocks.
Side levers or beams, description of.
Side lever marine engines, description of.
Side lever engines, how to erect.
Side rods, description of,
strength proper for.
Silsbee, Mynderse & Co.'s steam fire engine.
Single acting engines, definition of.
Single acting or pumping engines,
mode of erecting;
mode of starting.
Sinuous motion of locomotives.
Slide valve,
various forms of;
long D and three ported valve, description of;
action of the slide valve;
lead and lap of the valve;
rules for determining the proportions of valves;
advantages of lead in swift moving engines.
Slide valve, equilibrium.
Slide valve with balance piston of direct acting screw engine.
Slide valve, how to finish.
Slide valves of marine engines, how to set.
Slip of paddle wheels.
Slip of the screw,
positive and negative slip;
lateral and retrogressive slip.
Smoke, modes of consuming.
Smoke burning furnaces,
Williams's argand;
Prideaux's;
Boulton and Watt's dead plate;
revolving grate;
Juckes's;
Maudslay's;
Hall's, Coupland's, Godson's, Robinson's, Stevens's, Hazeldine's, &c.
"Snake" locomotive.
Southern,
experiments on friction by;
experiments on steam by.
Specific heat, definition of.
Speed of vessels influenced by their size.
Spheroidal condition of water in boilers.
Springs of locomotives.
Stand pipe for low pressure boilers.
Starting handle of locomotives.
Staying of boilers.
Staying tube plates, mode of.
Staying fire boxes of locomotives.
Steam, experiments on by Southern, French Academy, Franklin Institute,
and M. Regnault.
Steam pump,
Worthington's;
Woodward's.
Steam and water, relative bulks of.
Steam,
expansion of;
pressure of;
inversely as space occupied;
See also Expansion of Steam.
Steam engine, applications and appliances of the.
Steam engine,
general description of Watt's double acting engine;
R. Hoe & Co.'s;
Corliss's;
Woodruff & Beach's.
Steam engine,
various forms of, for propelling vessels;
paddle engines and screw engines;
principal varieties of paddle engines;
different kinds of paddle wheels;
the side lever engine;
description of the side lever engine;
oscillating paddle engine;
description of feathering paddle wheels;
direct acting screw engine.
Steam dome of locomotives.
Steam fire engine,
Latta's.
Amoskeag.
Silsbee, Mynderse & Co.'s.
Steam gauge,
Bourdon's;
Shank's.
Steam jacket, benefits of;
Steam passages, area of;
Steam room in boilers;
Steam, surcharged, law of expansion by heat;
Steel, strength of;
Stephenson, link motion by;
Stop valves between boilers;
Straight edges;
Strains subsisting in machines;
Strain proper to be put upon iron in engines;
Strains in machines,
vary inversely as the velocity of the part to which the strain is
applied.
aggravated by being intermittent.
increase of strain due to deflection.
effects of alternate strains in opposite directions.
Strength of materials.
Strength of hollow pillars,
law of;
strength varies with thickness of metal.
Strength of cast iron to resist shocks does not vary as the strength
to resist strains,
increase of strength by combination with cast iron.
Strength of boilers,
experiments on, by Franklin Institute;
by Mr. Fairbairn;
mode of computing;
mode of staying for strength.
Strength of engines: cylinder,
trunnions;
piston rod;
main links;
connecting rod;
studs of the beam;
gudgeons;
working beam;
cast iron shaft;
malleable iron shaft;
teeth of wheels;
side rods;
crank;
crank pin;
cross head;
main centre;
gibs and cutter.
Studs, strength proper for.
Stuffing box, description of.
Stuffing boxes with metallic packing,
with sheet brass packed behind with hemp;
sometimes fitted with a lantern, brass.
Sugar mills, power necessary to work.
Summers' experiments on the friction of rough surfaces.
Surcharged steam, law of expansion of, by heat.
Surcharged steam produced by salt water,
corrosive action of.
Surfaces, how to make true.
Sweeping the tubes of boilers clean of soot.

Teeth of wheels.
Telescope chimneys.
Tender of a locomotive, description of,
attachment of, to engine.
Thrashing corn, power necessary for.
Throttle valve, description of.
Thrust of the screw propeller, modes of receiving.
Thrust plummer block.
Tires of locomotive wheels.
Traction on railways.
Trunk engine by Messrs. Rennie, disadvantages of.
Trunk engines by Messrs. Penn.
Trunnions of oscillating engines, description of,
strength proper for;
details of.
Trunnion packing.
Trunnion plummer blocks.
Tube plates, mode of staying.
Tube plates of modern locomotives.
Tubes of modern locomotive boilers.
Tubes of boilers, how to sweep clean of soot.
Tubing of boilers.
Tubing locomotive boilers.

Valve, atmospheric.
Valve casing, description of.
Valve casing should have expansion joint.
Valve and valve casing of oscillating engine.
Valve delivery, description of,
action of
Valve, equilibrium slide.
Valve, foot, description of,
action of.
Valve gear of Watt's engine,
action of.
Valve gear of oscillating engine.
Valve, gridiron.
Valve, slide. See Slide Valve.
Valve, slide, how to finish.
Valves, ball,
Belidor's might be used for foot and delivery valves;
butterfly, of air pump;
concentric ring, for air pump bucket.
Valves, equilibrium.
Valves, escape, for cylinders.
Valves, expansion. See Expansion Valves.
Valves of feed pumps.
Valves, india rubber, for air pump.
Valves, Kingston's.
Valves of locomotives, how to set.
Valves, pot-lid, of air pump.
Vacuum, meaning of,
nature and uses of;
how maintained in engines.
Vacuum sometimes occurs in boilers,
evils of a vacuum in boilers.
Vacuum, velocity with which air rushes into a.
Vacuum gauge,
Bourdon's.
Velocity of air entering a vacuum.
Velocity of falling bodies.
Vent of boilers, definition of.
Vessels, resistance of,
mainly made up of friction in good forms;
experiments on;
influence of size.
Vis viva, or mechanical power.

Waste steam pipe.
Waste water pipe.
Water required for condensation,
pumps for supplying.
Watt's double acting engine, description of.
Wedge.
Wheels, toothed, for screw engines.
Wheels, teeth of.
Wheels of locomotives, adhesion of.
Wheels, driving, of locomotives.
Wheel tires.
Wheels and axles of modern locomotives.
Wood, experiments on friction by.
Wood, evaporative efficacy of.
Woodman's steam pump.
Woodruff & Beach's steam engine.
Working beam of land engine, description of.
Worthington's steam pump,
duplex pump.

THE END.