[38.2] ‘These’; cf. [p. 4, n. 3].

[38.3] a collective noun: ‘the Romans.’

[38.4] Sc. hostium.

[38.5] = ‘and as a consequence.’

[38.6] Cf. rēgius, I, 17. The Romans applied the term praetor to the commander of any foreign force.

[38.7] Sc. nāvis. At this time Carthaginian ships generally had five banks of oars. In building the fleet commanded by Duilius, the Romans, it is said, took as their model a Carthaginian vessel which had been wrecked on the coast of Italy.

[38.8] mergō; sc. sunt.

[38.9] Cf. [p. 14, n. 1].

[38.10] ‘were supreme’; cf. [p. 23, n. 1].

[38.11] In commemoration also of the victory the Columna Rōstrāta was erected in the Forum.