pulsō frātre, rēgnāvit, [I, 3]; Eā rē cōgnitā, parvulōs . . abiēcit in Tiberim, [I, 5]; armātīs pāstōribus, Albam properāvit, [I, 25].

Note.—This is the original and most frequent use of the ablative absolute.

[4.] Cause: compare Causal Clauses, H 2 and 3.

ortā inter eōs contentiōne, [I, 40]; dūrissimā squāmārum lōrīcā omnia tēla facile repellente, [XVII, 22]; in cōnfertā multitūdine aegrē prōcēdente carpentō, [XVIII, 17].

5. Concession:

agrum ēius, omnibus circā vāstātīs, intāctum relīquit, [XIX, 39].

6. Often time and cause together: compare note on Cum Clauses, J. Examples are:

mīlitibus sēgnius dīmicantibus, raptum sīgnum in hostem mīsit, [VII, 9]; occīsō Tatiō, ad Rōmulum potentātus omnis recidit, [II, 40].

7. Condition:

male gestā (if he fails), [XVI, 31]; nē, dēsertō agrō, nōn esset (lest, if he neglected his farm, he might not have), [XVII, 34].