[40] Binet, "Les Altérations," p. 157.

[41] "Die Traumdeutung," 1900. ["The Interpretation of Dreams," translated by Dr. A. A. Brill. London: Allen & Unwin, 1918.]

[42] Flournoy, l.c., p. 55.

[43] Schüle, "Handbuch," p. 134.

[44] J. Müller, quoted Allg. Zeit. f. Psych., XXV. 41.

[45] Spinoza hypnopompically saw a "nigrum et scabiosum Brasilianum."—J. Müller, l.c.

In Goethe's "The Elective Affinities," at times in the half darkness Ottilie saw the figure of Edward in a dimly-lit spot. Compare also Cardanus, "imagines videbam ab imo lecti, quasi e parvulis annulis arcisque constantes, arborum, belluarum, hominum, oppidorum, instructarum acierum, bellicorum et musicorum instrumentorum aliorumque huius generis adscendentes, vicissimque descendentes, aliis atque aliis succedentibus" (Hieronymus Cardanus, "De subtilitate rerum").

[46] "Le sommeil et les rêves," p. 134.

[47] G. Trumbull Ladd, "Contribution to the Psychology of Visual Dreams," Mind, April, 1892.

[48] Hecker says of the same condition, "There is a simple elemental vision, even without sense presentation, through over-excitation of mental activity, not leading to phantastic imagery, that is the vision of light free from form, a manifestation of the visual organs stimulated from within" ("Ueber Visionen," Berlin, 1848).