(e) Individual cases: adęs, ‘at once,’ probably from ad id ĭpsum, seems to have been affected by pręs and apręs ＜ ad prĕssum; mostięr ＜ monastērium shows the influence of ministĕrium; nęr nięr (also nẹr nẹgre) ＜ nĭgrum perhaps shows the influence of entęr entięr and the numerous adjectives in -ęr -ięr; nęu nięu nęy ＜ nĭvem has been attracted by bręu gręu, lęu; senęstre (cf. late Lat. sinexter) is evidently influenced by dęstre.
2. Many words have i instead of ẹ:—
(a) Berbitz = vervēcem, camis = camĭsia, come from alternative V. L. forms, berbīcem, ✱camīsia. Planissa (also -eza), sebissa, etc., probably show -īcia for -ĭtia. For dit = dĭgĭtum see § [65], Y, 1.
(b) In many learned words Latin ĭ is represented by i in Provençal: albir, martire, edifici, iuzizi, servizi, vici, etc.; iusticia, leticia, tristicia, etc. Aurilha (also ẹ) ＜ aurĭcula, cilh, (also cieilh, sobreselhs) ＜ cĭlium, issilh ＜ exĭlium, familha ＜ famĭlia, maístre (also maẹstre maiẹstre) ＜ magĭstrum, meravilha (also ẹ) ＜ mirabĭlia, perilh ＜ perĭculum, etc., are probably learned forms. Máistre and mestre are French.
(c) Ciri (cere) = cēreum, iure (cf. ebriac) = ēbrium (or ✱ĕbrium), marquis (ẹ), merci (ẹ), país (ẹ) = ✱pagēnsem, plazir (ẹ), pris (ẹ), etc., are French.[15] For a discussion of iure and a different explanation of ciri, see P. Savj-Lopez, Dell’ “Umlaut” provenzale, 1902, p. 4.
(d) Ins (also entz) ＜ ĭntus, dins (also dens) ＜ de ĭntus, dintre (cf. en, entre) ＜ de ĭnter have not been satisfactorily explained. Regular forms with ẹ are found in Béarn, Gascony, Dauphiné, and the Alps.
(e) Individual cases: tapit ＜ ταπήτιον shows the modern pronunciation of Greek η; verin = venēnum is an example of substitution of suffix.
3. Arnei, fei, mei = me, palafrei, perquei, sei = se are French or Poitevin forms; they are common in William of Poitiers. Mercey, rey = re, used by Marcabru, seem to be due either to an imitation of such forms as the preceding or to the analogy of crei cre ＜ crēdo. Cf. § [65], N, 3.
4. Contránher seems to be a fusion of constrĭngere and contrahere; vendanha ＜ vindēmia shows French influence.