1. In later times lor came to be inflected like a one-gender adjective: § [103], (2).
Demonstratives.
130. Latin īdem went out of use. Latin ĭs was preserved only in the phrase ĭd ĭpsum (ad ĭd ĭpsum ＞ adęs), and in the combination ĕccum, in which it ceased to be recognized, so that ĕccu’ was regarded as a synonym of ĕcce.
131. (1) The demonstrative particles ĕcce and ĕccu’ were often prefixed to pronouns in Vulgar Latin. Being thus proclitically used, they frequently lost their first syllable (§ [19]); sometimes, however, under the influence of ac (as in ac sīc ＞ aissi), they preserved it, assuming the vowel of ac: ecce ĭlla ＞ aicẹla, eccu’ ĭsta ＞ aquẹsta; cf. § [43], (2).
(2) The suffix -met was used in Vulgar Latin as an intensive prefix. Its change of place was probably due to such phrases as sēmet ĭpsum, understood as sē metĭpsum. The -t, before a vowel, regularly gives -d- (met-ĭpsum ＞ mẹdes); but we find, besides, -z- (＜ Lat. d), introduced perhaps through the analogy of ĭd in ĭd ĭpsum (✱medĭpsum ＞ mezẹis); and also -t- (＜ Lat. tt), which may be the result of a combination of met- and ĭd- (met-ĭd-ĭpsum ＞ ✱metdĭpsu ＞ metẹis).
132. The pronouns preserved, either in their simple form or combined with a prefix, are the following:—
(1) Of hīc only the neuter, hŏc, was kept Hŏc ＞ ǫ; ecce hŏc ＞ aiçǫ aissǫ, and çǫ so; eccu’ hŏc ＞ aquŏ acŏ. All of these are invariable.
(2) Ipse appears as ẹps ẹpsa, ẹus ẹussa, ẹis ẹissa (with a m. pl. ẹisses and a neuter ẹis); the last forms are the commonest; for the development of the ps, see § [79] and § [80], Ps. Met-ĭpse gives (medips) medẹs, (metẹish) metẹis, and, more commonly, mezẹis (f. mezẹissa, neuter mezẹis); see § [131], (2). ✱Met-ĭpsĭmus becomes medẹsme-s, mesẹsme-s, meẹsme-s (§ [65], D), with feminine forms in -a. Unaccented ĭpsum is probably one source of the neuter sǫ: cf. § [132], (1). For the article (so, sa), see § [119].
(3) Ille, uncombined, developed into an article (§ [118]) and a personal pronoun (§§ [123], [125]), but went out of use as a demonstrative. Combined with ecce and eccu’ it gave: aicẹl aissẹl, cẹl, sẹl; aquẹl. Echẹl (pronounced ekẹl?) seems to come from eccu’ ĭlle with its original initial vowel preserved. Ipse ĭlle perhaps gave rise also to a sẹl, which ultimately coincided with the form coming from ecce ĭlle. There is a neuter aicelo, perhaps aicẹl + ǫ. Cẹl will illustrate the inflection of all these words; the forms are to be explained like those of the disjunctive personal pronoun (§ [125]):—