(4) Iste gave ẹst, ẹstz, ẹsta, ẹstas. Ecce ĭste became aicẹst (not common) and cẹst sẹst; eccu’ ĭste became aquẹst echẹst, and chẹst. Aquẹst will illustrate the inflection; the forms are to be explained like those of cẹl:—
| MASCULINE | FEMININE | |||||
| Sg. | {nom.: | aquẹst | aquẹsta | aquist | aquisti | |
| {obj.: | aquẹst | aquẹsta | ||||
| Pl. | {nom.: | aquist | aquisti | aquẹstas | ||
| {obj.: | aquẹstz | aquẹtz | aquẹstas | |||
Interrogatives and Relatives.
133. The interrogative and relative pronouns were confused and combined in Vulgar Latin, quī taking the place of quĭs, and quĭd gradually encroaching on quŏd. Furthermore, the masculine forms were used instead of the feminine, which disappeared. We have in Provençal no evidence of the survival of any other cases than the nominative, dative, and accusative singular and the nominative plural:—
| MASCULINE AND FEMININE | NEUTER | ||||
| Sg. | {nom.: | quī | ＞ qui | quĭd | ＞ que, (before vowel) quez |
| {dat.: | cūī | ＞ cüi | cūī | ＞ cüi | |
| {acc.: | quĕm | ＞ que | quĭd | ＞ que, (before vowel) quez | |
| Pl. | nom.: | quī | ＞ qui | quæ | ＞ que |
The distinction between que ＜ quĕm, que quez ＜ quĭd, and que ＜ quæ could not be maintained; we have, then, simply three forms: a nom. sg. or pl. qui, a nom.-acc. sg. or pl. quẹ (quẹz), a dat. sg. or pl. cüi (sometimes written qui).
134. We have also qualis, which came to be inflected like fezẹls: see § [103], (2); the feminine singular, however, often dropped its -s, and sometimes took the ending -a (cal, cala). Quīnam apparently became quina, which, understood as a feminine form, developed a masculine, quin. There seems to have been also a ✱quīniam (cf. quŏniam?), which gave quinh, quinha. Cf. D. Behrens in the Zeitschrift für französische Sprache, XVII, ii, 67-8, footnote. The phrase de ŭnde became dọnt, dọn, which was often used with the meaning ‘of which’, ‘of whom’.
135. (1) In Provençal the interrogative pronouns are: qui, ‘who’ or ‘whom’; que quez, ‘what’; cüi, ‘to whom’ or ‘whom’, ‘to what’ or ‘what’ (obj.); cals (either alone or preceded by the definite article, inflected as in § [134]), ‘which’; quin quinh, quina quinha, ‘which’. Cals is used also as an adjective.
(2) The relative pronouns are: qui, ‘one who’, indefinite (used also, in early texts and in southwestern Languedoc, as the regular relative pronoun for persons); que quez, ‘who’ or ‘whom’, ‘which’; cüi, ‘whom’, ‘which’ (generally used as indirect object of a verb, or after a preposition); lo cals (inflected as in § [134]), ‘who’ (‘whom’), ‘which’; don dont, ‘of which’, ‘of whom’.