Animal Life and Intelligence

by C. Lloyd Morgan

I

• Ichneumon fly, instinct of, [430]
• Ichthyosaurus, pineal eye of, [288]
• Icteridæ, [454]
• Idea of an object, [313]
• Ideas, conceptual, their environment, [485];
  • the law of their evolution, [486]
• Idealism, [474]
• Ignorance of animals, [333]
• Image, inverted in retina, [311]
• Imagination, constructive, [325]
• Imitation as a factor in habit or instinct, [443], [453]
• Immortality of protozoa, [12]
• Incongruity, elimination by, [486]
• Increase, law of, [58]
• Incubation, instinct of, [434]
• Individuality, a tendency to differentiation, [183]
• Inference, conscious and unconscious, [328];
  • in animals, [361]
• Infertility of isolated forms, [108]
• Infusoria, reproduction in, [39]
• Inheritance, exclusive, a means of isolation, [104];
  • of variations, [223];
  • of acquired habits, [435];
  • of acquired increments of intellectual faculty, [497]
• Inhibition, [385];
  • as a condition of volition, [459]
• Innate capacity, [422];
  • its importance, [429]
• Insects, tracheal respiration of, [3], [24];
  • wingless, of Madeira, [81];
  • of Kerguelen Island, [81];
  • mimicry and protective resemblance in, [85], [88];
  • segregation by colour, [101];
  • antennæ of, [178];
  • mouth-organs of, [179];
  • and the evolution of flowers, [206];
  • sense of touch in, [248];
  • taste in, [253];
  • smell in, [257];
  • hearing in, [266];
  • sight in, [288];
  • perceptual powers of, [357];
  • neuter, [440]
• Instinct and available advantage, [211];
  • consideration of, [415];
  • perfect, imperfect, and incomplete, [422];
  • deferred, [423];
  • blind prevision in, [429];
  • gratification in performance of, [430];
  • consciousness and, [432];
  • primary and secondary, [434];
  • three factors in the origin of, [447];
  • as influenced by intelligence, [452];
  • by imitation, [453];
  • by education, [455];
  • as distinguished from intelligence, [457]
• Instinctive emotion, [390], [395]
• Integration and differentiation, [183]
• Intellectual development, [486]
• Intelligence involved in selection, [95];
  • distinguished from reason, [330], [365];
  • lapsed, [435]
  • involved in instinct, [440];
  • as influencing instinct, [452];
  • criteria of, [456]
• Interbreeding and intercrossing, [97]
• Interneural evolution, [490]
• Interpretations of nature, genera and species of, [492]
• Isle of Man, tortoiseshell butterfly of, [81]
• Isolates, [322], [364]
• Isolation, organic, or segregation, [99];
  • mental, or abstraction, [322]

J

• Jaeger, Dr., on crossing of pigs, [230]
• Jenkins, Mr. H. L., on the elephant, [363]
• Judgment, [330]

K

• Kallima paralecta, leaf-butterfly, [86]
• Kant, quoted, [476]
• Katabolism, a disruption or explosive process, [32]
• Kea, of New Zealand, [446]
• Keimplasma. See Germ-plasm
• Kentish plover, [83], [217]
• Kepler, Dr. Huggins's dog, [396]
• Kerguelen Island, wingless insects of, [81]
• Kinesis, [467]
• Kingfishers, [446]
• Kirby and Spence, localization of smell in insects, [258];
  • on hearing in a moth, [267];
  • on instinct of ichneumon fly, [430]
• Kittens, instinctive antipathy to dog, [396]
• Klein, Mr. S., on Bombyx quercus, [258]
• Kühne, Messrs. Boll and, on retinal purple, [276]

L

• Labyrinthodont amphibia, pineal eye in, [288]
• Lamont, on reindeer, [392]
• Lane, Dr. Arbuthnot, on influence of certain trades on structure, [169]
• Langley, Prof., On ætherial vibrations, [299]
• Language, [322];
  • the instrument of analysis, [349];
  • its origin and effects, [374]
• Lankester, Prof. E. Ray, his description of perigenesis, [159];
  • on blind cave-fish, [194]
• Lapsing of intelligence, [435]
• Larden, W., on the Rhea, [89];
  • on instinct in a snakelet, [424]
• Larmarckian school, [209]
• Larvæ, dimorphism in, [187]
• Latency, phenomena of, [227]
• Lateral line of fishes, [252]
• Leaf-butterfly, [86]
• Lee, Mr. Arthur, on communication in cat, [345]
• Leptalis, [87]
• Leroy, on abstract notion of danger in fox, [348]
• Leucocytes, role of, [439]
• Lewes, G. H., [437], [462]
• Leydig, on antennule of crayfish, [259]
• Life, duration of, due to natural selection, [186]
• Life-area, expansion and contraction of, [114]
• Limits of vision, [281]; of sensation, [299]
• Limnæus truncatulus, [48]
• Lincecum, Dr., on habits of Texan ants, [425]
• Linnet, song of, [454]
• Lion, observation on, [400]
• Liver-fluke, life-history of, [47]
• Local signs, [308]
• Localization, [307];
  • in animals, [338];
  • in medusa, [359]
• Locke, on difference between man and brute, [349]
• Logos makes man human, [375]
• Lonbiére, on instincts of Siamese ants, [449]
• Lotze, quoted, [379]
• Lubbock, Sir J., "Senses of Animals," [246];
  • sense of smell in ants, [258];
  • auditory organ of ant, [267];
  • on Hicks's organ, [267];
  • on colour-sense in dog, [283];
  • in insects, [291];
  • in Daphnia, [292];
  • on limits of colour-vision, [296];
  • on antennary structures in hymenoptera, [297];
  • on power of communication
  • in dog, [345];
  • in ants, [358];
  • on colour preferences in bees, [407];
  • on instinct of play and sympathy in ants, [414];
  • on homing faculty in bees, [428];
  • on sitaris, [439]
• Lucanus cervus, [180]
• Ludicrous, sense of, in dog, [406]
• Lumsden, Sir Harry, on partridges, [398]
• Lyell, the necessary precursor of Darwin, [121]

M

• Mach, Prof., on Macula acustica, [271]
• Machetes pugnax, [110], [178]
• Mackennal, Mr. Alexander, observation on a cat, [405]
• Maclagan, Miss Nellie, on sympathetic action in dog, [398]
• Madeira, wingless insects of, [81]
• Male, See Sex-differentiation
• Male and female insects, differences between, [179];
  • greater variability in, [237];
  • vigour and vitality of, in secondary sexual characters, [237]
• Malle, Dureau de la, on starling, [455]
• Mammals, respiration in, [21];
  • early nutrition of, the result of parental sacrifice, [57];
  • convergence in, [117];
  • sense of smell in, [255];
  • hearing in, [263];
  • sight in, [283];
  • perceptions of, [338]
• Man, elimination by physical circumstances, [81];
  • alternation of good and bad times, [117];
  • reversion in, [229]
• Mann, Mrs., on sympathetic action of dog, [397];
  • anecdotes of dogs, [406]
• Mantis, protective and aggressive resemblance in, [90]
• Marsupials of Australia, [117]
• Martineau, Dr., on wants, [382]
• Materialism, [464], [471]
• Mathematical faculty and natural selection, [484]
• Maupas, M., observations on infusoria, [39]
• Mayer, on mosquito, [267]
• McCook, Dr., sense of smell in ants, [258];
  • habits of Texan ants, [425]
• McCosh, Dr., quoted, [391]
• Means and ends, [371]
• Medusa, [46];
  • sense of hearing in, [265];
  • eyes of, [293];
  • localization by, [359]
• Melanerpeton, [288]
• Meldola, Prof. R., [239]
• Memory, the revival of past impressions, [304];
  • organic, Butler and Hering on, [62]
• Mental evolution, [464]
• Mercier, Dr. Charles, on the criteria of intelligence, [456]
• Merrifield, Mr., experiments on moths, [238]
• Metabolism, [32]
• Metakinesis, [467]
• Metamorphosis and transformation, [7]
• Metaphyta, [15]
• Metazoa, [15]
• Methona, [87]
• Miall, Prof., Fig. of touch-hair of an insect, [248]
• Mice, white and grey, crossed, [225]
• Microbes, elimination among, [80]
• Micrococcus prodigiosus, [81]
• Microstomum lineare, reproduction in, [42]
• Mimicry, [87];
  • as evidence of perceptual association, [202], [351]
• Mind, out of what evolved? [464]
• Mineral crystals, analogy of, [240]
• Mitchell, James, his delicate sense of smell, [255]
• Mivart, Prof. St. George, on Saturnia, [163];
  • on common-sense realism, [316];
  • on ideas, etc., [320];
  • on "practical intelligence," [362];
  • on man and brute, [374];
  • on consciousness and consentience, [461]
• Modifiability of individual organism, [163]
• Modifications of antennæ and mouth-organs of insects, [178]
• Mole, eye of, [284]
• Mollusks, variety of, [178];
  • sense of smell in, [260];
  • hearing in, [265];
  • sight in, [292]
• Monads, reproduction of, [38];
  • temperature experiments with, [147]
• Mongrelization, [168]
• Monistic hypothesis, [465]
• Monkey, ateles and colobus digits of, [210];
  • examining marsupial pouch, [340];
  • attention in, [342];
  • capuchin, intelligence of, [367]
• Monospora bicuspidata, [439]
• Moore, Mr. Thomas, on hybrids between Amherst and golden pheasants, [106]
• Mosaic vision, [291]
• Mouth-organs of insects, [179]
• Muciparous canals of fishes, [298]
• Müller, Prof. Max, "Science of Thought," [325];
  • on percepts, [375];
  • on language and thought, [376];
  • paraphrased, [467];
  • on materialism, [471]
• Murex, [292]
• Mus rex and imperator, [100]
• Musical and artistic faculty, [484]
• Mussel, freshwater, gills of, [4];
  • olfactory organ of, [260]
• Mutilation, law of growth after, [126];
  • not the best kind of evidence of transmitted modifications, [162]