History of the United States

by Charles A. Beard; Mary Ritter Beard

f. Taxation and equality of opportunity ([551]-[552]).

Political Parties and Political Issues

I. The Federalists versus the Anti-Federalists [Jeffersonian Republicans] from about 1790 to about 1816 ([168]-[208], [201]-[203]).

1. Federalist leaders: Hamilton, John Adams, John Marshall, Robert Morris.

2. Anti-Federalist leaders: Jefferson, Madison, Monroe.

3. Issues: funding the debt, assumption of state debts, first United States bank, taxation, tariff, strong central government versus states' rights, and the Alien and Sedition acts.

II. Era of "Good Feeling" from about 1816 to about 1824, a period of no organized party opposition ([248]).

III. The Democrats [former Jeffersonian Republicans] versus the Whigs [or National Republicans] from about 1832 to 1856 ([238]-[265], [276]-[290], [324]-[334]).

1. Democratic leaders: Jackson, Van Buren, Calhoun, Benton.

2. Whig leaders: Webster and Clay.