The Capital is Albany. The State elections are held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November, and the Legislature meets on the first Tuesday in January in each year. The style of the enacting clause is: “Be it enacted by the people of the State of New York represented in Senate and Assembly.”

UNITED STATES SENATORS.
Philip Schuyler,from1789to1791.
Rufus King,”{1789”1796.
1813”1825.
Aaron Burr,”1791”1797.
John Lawrence,”1796”1800.
John S. Hobart,”1798”1798.
William North,”1798”1798.
James Watson,”1798Resigned.
Governeur Morris,”1800”1803.
John Armstrong,”{1800”1802.
1803”1804.
DeWitt Clinton,”1802”1803.
Theodore Bailey,”1803”1804.
Samuel L. Mitchell,”1804”1809.
John Smith,”1804”1813.
Obadiah German,”1809”1815.
Nathan Sanford,”{1815”1821.
1825”1831.
Martin Van Buren,”1821”1829.
Charles Dudley,”1829”1833.
William L. Marcy,”1831”1833.
Nath’l P. Tallmadge,”1833”1844.
Silas Wright,”1833”1844.
Daniel S. Dickinson,”1844”1851.
Henry A. Foster,”1844”1845.
John A. Dix,”1845”1849.
William H. Seward,”1849”1861.
Hamilton Fish,”1851”1857.
Preston King,”1857”1863.
Ira Harris,”1861”1867.
Edwin D. Morgan,”1863”1869.
Roscoe Conkling,”1867”1879.
Reuben E. Fenton,”1869”1875.
Francis Kernan,”1875”1881.

PENNSYLVANIA.

“The Keystone State” has been eminently fortunate in three various ways. Its founder, William Penn, happily united benevolence and high political wisdom, with a thrifty and prudent economy, and possessed sufficient influence and tact to infuse his colony with his own qualities to a large degree, and the advantages acquired in the beginning, have shed their favoring influence on all its future, to the present time.

Penn, as proprietor of his province, had almost kingly power; yet, as a law-giver, he acknowledged the liberties of the people, and accustomed them to many of the forms of self-government afterward incorporated into the Constitution of the United States. His just and conciliatory conduct toward the Indians, and the exemption of Pennsylvania from barbarous Indian wars, in consequence, proves the utility of the practice of unvarying justice and kindness toward them; and stands in strong and significant contrast with the opposite course, so often pursued, and with results so distressing.

A colony was established by Penn in the southeastern part of the State, in the year 1682. The government was conducted by a governor, a council of three, and a House of Delegates, chosen by the people. The largest religious liberty was allowed, and punishment of crime was mitigated from the severity, customary in those times, to something like the mildness now practiced among us.

The colony enjoyed seventy years of enlightened government, and prospered greatly. A large immigration of hardy and thrifty Germans and Swedes spread over the State and supplied, in Revolutionary times, the “fighting material” which the religious principles of the Quakers forbade them to furnish.