The second eminent advantage of the State, was in its central position, the facilities furnished to commerce and trade by the Delaware river on its eastern boundary, and the Ohio, on the west, connecting it with the valley of the Mississippi.

The third superiority, later in development in some of its features, relates to its wealth of resources. Lying midway between north and south, its climate is temperate and mild. Its soil on the eastern border and along the valleys of its numerous rivers is of great fertility; while its inexhaustible coal deposits are far more valuable in promoting the steady growth of her citizens in wealth than mines of gold. Iron, copper, zinc, marble and slate are, apparently, inexhaustible. Her railroads and canals furnish a suitable means for the development of these resources, and the transportation for all her valuable commodities to profitable markets, and prove her later citizens to have inherited the economic wisdom and thrift of the founder of their State.

Pennsylvania valiantly bore the share in the struggles and sacrifices of the Revolution to which her position, her wealth and numbers, called her. Philadelphia—“The City of Brotherly Love” (the name means this,) was the first capital of the Republic. It was there that the Declaration of Independence was originated and signed.

Its area is 46,000 square miles, equal to 29,440,000 acres. The population in 1870 was 3,515,993, entitling her to twenty-seven Representatives in Congress.

It is in the third judicial circuit; and forms two judicial districts. There are two ports of entry, and two collection districts. Harrisburg is the capital; the Legislature assembling on the first Tuesday in January, the State elections being held the second Tuesday in October.

The enacting clause of her laws is: “Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met; and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same.”

UNITED STATES SENATORS.
William Maclay,from1789to1791.
Robert Morris,”1789”1795.
Albert Gallatin,”1793”1794.
James Ross,”1794”1803.
William Bingham,”1795”1801.
Peter Muhlenburgh,”1801”1802.
Samuel Maclay,”1803”1808.
Michael Leib,”1808”1814.
Andrew Gregg,”1807”1813.
Abner Lacock,”1813”1819.
Jonathan Roberts,”1814”1821.
Walter Lawrie,”1819”1825.
William Findlay,”1821”1827.
William Marks,”1825”1831.
Isaac D. Barnard,”1827”1831.
George M. Dallas,”1831”1833.
William Wilkins,”1831”1834.
Samuel McKean,”1833”1839.
James Buchanan,”1834”1845.
Daniel Sturgeon,”{1839”1851.
1845”1849.
Simon Cameron,”{1857”1861.
1867”1873.
James Cooper,”1849”1855.
Charles E. Buckalew,”1863”1869.
Richard Broadhead,”1851”1857.
William Bigler,”1855”1861.
Edgar Cowan,”1861”1867.
David Wilmot,”1861”1863.
John Scott,”1869”1875.
Simon Cameron,”1873”1879.
Wm. A. Wallace,”1875”1881.