b. Subterranean and Cave Associations.
c. Selected References on Aggregations and Associations.
“Nothing is easier than to admit in words the truth of the universal struggle for life, or more difficult—at least I have found it so—than constantly to bear this conclusion in mind. Yet unless it be thoroughly engrained in the mind, the whole economy of nature, with every fact on distribution, rarity, abundance, extinction, and variation, will be dimly seen or quite misunderstood.”—Darwin.
“Every reflective biologist must know that no living being is self-sufficient, or would be what it is, or be at all, if it were not part of the natural world, although no truth is easier to lose sight of. Living things are real things, ... but their reality is in their interrelations with the rest of nature, and not in themselves.”—W. K. Brooks. (1906.)
1. The Struggle for Existence
Darwin, Chas.
1876. Struggle for Existence. pp. 43-61. In On the Origin of Species, 6th ed. New York. (See Figures 2 and 3.)
Brooks, W. K.
1893. Salpa in its Relation to the Evolution of Life. Studies Biol. Lab., Johns Hopkins Univ., Vol. V, pp. 129-211. See particularly pp. 129-170.
A remarkable and little known paper on the struggle for existence in the sea.