1893. Ueber die Thiere der Schleswig-Holsteinischen Austerbänke, ihre physikalischen und biologischen Lebensvershältnisse. Sitzungsber. d. Kgl. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. zu Berlin, Jhrg. 1893, I, pp. 67-92.
The physical and biological relations of the Schleswig-Holstein oyster bank as a social community are carefully described. The animals associated are listed (in all about 100 kinds, p. 80) and their relation to the oyster is shown.
Forbes, S. A.
1909. The General Entomological Ecology of the Indian Corn Plant. Amer. Nat., Vol. XLIII, pp. 286-301.
Espinas, Alfred.
1878. Des Sociétés Animales. Second Edition, pp. 588. Paris.
Discusses associations of different species—parasites, commensals, mutuals, domestic animals; associations of the same species and related through nutrition—the colonial forms, as corals; associations based upon reproduction—the family; and associations based upon relation—as in a horde. Contains an extensive historical introduction. Valuable, although somewhat old.
Petrucci, R.
1906. Origine Polyphylétique, Homotypie, et Non Comparabilité directe des Sociétés Animales. L’Inst. de Sociologie (Solvay). Notes et Mémoires, Fascicule 7. pp. 126. Bruxelles.
The multiple or independent origin of “social” life in diverse lines of descent is emphasized and viewed from the comparative and phylogenetic standpoint.