Pipe drill
Round and flat hand drill: Take a piece of octagonal steel, the size and length depending upon the size and depth of the hole to be drilled. These should not be over 20 ins. in length, for the blow would have little effect upon the cutting edge of the drill. Put one end into the fire, take it out and finish it up as you would the short end of a cold chisel. Reverse the piece of steel, and heat this end, for about two inches, red hot. Place it on the side of the anvil face and flatten it down tapering. Make it very short and just wide enough for the size hole to be drilled. With a hot chisel cut the end into the proper shape, either round or diamond shape. With the hand hammer work the cutting edge on the end. This end should be from 1⁄8 in. to 3⁄16 in. in thickness. Either file or grind the bevel which forms the cutting edge sharp. Harden and temper it the same as you would a cold chisel. If it is found, on trial, to be too soft, re-heat, harden, and temper at a higher colour. One of the best hand drills for drilling holes in soft material like bricks or sandstones is a piece of gas pipe any length. File teeth in the end, like a saw tooth. Case harden the end. This drill will go through a wall almost as quickly as a twist drill and with much less labour.
SHACKLE
Shackles are used for connecting chains, wire, ropes, etc.
Shackle.
Stock: One piece of 3⁄4-in. round iron, 121⁄2 ins. (for shackle). One piece of 1⁄2-in. round iron, 4 ins. (for pin). One piece 1 × 1⁄8-in. flat iron, 13⁄4 ins. (for key). One piece 3⁄16-in. round iron, 21⁄4 ins. (for ring).
Directions: Heat the 3⁄4-in. round iron bar two inches, then bend this end on the anvil at right angles to the rest of the bar. Place the heel on the anvil, with the end sticking up. Strike on the end with the hand hammer and drive it down into the heel of the piece. Repeat on the other end of the bar. As one can always force the metal into any shape one desires by first driving it one way or the other, skill in making the two ends of the bar depends upon one's way of using the hammer. This method of making the eye on the end of the bar does away with welding and upsetting of the metal. A round finished eye is the result of the natural bending of the metal. This holds good not only for the shackles like this one but for many other tools, such as hand holds for cars, wagons, etc.
Bending: The shackle should be bent as shown in the sketch. First bend it right back of the eye, each one at about 45°. Heat the body of the piece and shape it around the horn of the anvil until the opening measures 1 in. wide. The sledge and swage are best used for this purpose. Place the swage on the metal and have the helper strike the swage. The shape is not apt to be changed or the metal marred if these tools are used.