The decline in average fatality in the last two years is remarkable, and is to be explained chiefly by the mild type of smallpox which has been prevalent; a very small fraction of the patients attacked between the ages of ten and twenty-five have died; and these are some two-fifths of the whole. This is shown in the following age-table of 2374 cases admitted to the Metropolitan Board Hospitals in 1893:

Smallpox in London, 1893.

Age-period Cases Deaths %
0-5 168 53 31·5
5-10 191 16 8·3
10-15 230 7 3·0
15-20 340 7 2·0
20-25 393 13 3·3
25-30 298 23 7·7
30-35 250 14 5·6
35-40 182 13 7·1
40-50 199 18 9·0
50-60 79 9 11·4
60-70 35 6 17·1
70-80 9 1 11·1

The low rate of fatality during the slight epidemic revival of smallpox in 1892-93 has been found to obtain wherever the disease has occurred:

Smallpox in the Provinces, 1892-93.

Cases Deaths Fatalities
per cent.
Birmingham 1203 96 8
Warrington 598 60 10
Halifax 513 44 8·5
Manchester 406 27 6·7
Glasgow 279 23 8·2
Liverpool 194 15 7·7
Brighouse 134 15 11·2
Aston Manor 113 6 5·3
Leicester 362 21 5·8
St Albans 58 6 10·4
3860 313 8·10

The ages under ten years had only 290 in 3644 of these cases; but those 290 cases had 70 in 302 of the deaths.

In the comparative table for Ireland, of deaths by smallpox, measles, scarlatina and diphtheria, measles in a decreasing population has changed little, while scarlatina has declined greatly, and smallpox has fallen during the last ten years almost to extinction.

Ireland: Deaths by Smallpox, Measles, Scarlatina and Diphtheria from the beginning of Registration.

Smallpox Measles Scarlatina Diphtheria
1864 854 630 2605 661
1865 461 1036 3683 480
1866 194 851 3501 317
1867 21 1292 2145 189
1868 23 1251 2696 202
1869 20 948 2670 243
1870 32 954 2978 188
1871 665 547 2707 226
1872 3248 1380 2459 257
1873 504 1303 2092 326
1874 569 667 4034 565
1875 535 898 3845 443
1876 24 664 2112 368
1877 71 1562 1117 288
1878 873 2212 1079 296
1879 672 860 1688 320
1880 389 1025 1344 314
1881 72 402 1230 323
1882 129 1518 2443 385
1883 16 801 1765 239
1884 1 559 1377 354
1885 4 1323 1147 296
1886 2 284 850 336
1887 14 1307 973 381
1888 3 1935 849 447
1889 0 574 457 358
1890 0 726 319 346
1891 7 240 308 281
1892 0 1183 419 286