Week
ending
Fever Smallpox Griping in
the guts
Measles Convulsions Teeth Consumption All
causes
July7 31 44 35 9 44 24 69 351
14 38 55 34 5 37 17 54 353
21 40 71 47 6 42 25 56 395
28 43 71 37 3 49 18 48 367
Aug.4 38 68 39 6 31 23 47 347
11 33 66 48 18 8 45 324
18 49 86 41 1 26 20 48 374
25 35 85 23 3 32 10 46 328
Sept.1 60 96 41 32 18 57 414
8 32 99 48 3 22 16 32 374
15 28 102 38 2 30 19 55 362
22 27 72 32 3 29 11 57 327
29 39 81 34 2 41 9 53 358
Oct.6 37 98 29 34 10 63 391
13 36 75 25 35 17 49 311
20 42 122 35 1 34 10 68 402
27 24 75 36 38 15 45 294
Nov.3 34 83 21 30 11 41 322
10 30 81 15 31 12 49 321
17 31 70 16 24 10 58 304
24 35 70 28 38 14 57 344
Dec.1 33 85 29 32 14 68 378
8 33 66 28 36 11 53 327
15 29 61 26 39 16 49 339
22 34 68 21 32 11 52 335
29 41 41 19 33 7 74 337

The total of deaths by smallpox for the year, 2507 was the highest since the bills began, and remained the highest until 1681. It is open to us to suppose that it would not have been so high but for the epidemic of measles preceding. The measles not only made the first half of the year far more deadly than the second, within which most of the smallpox fell, but its effects may have aided the high mortality of smallpox itself, according to the experience of later times that infants and young children recovering from measles in a greatly weakened condition fell an easier prey to smallpox coming after[1192].

Morton passes from the fatal epidemic of 1674 (or, as he says, 1672), with the remark that the malady had not been epidemic again in London from that time until the date of his writing, 1692-94, a period of nearly twenty years; and that is on the whole borne out by the London bills and by Sydenham’s records so far as they extend. From 1687 to 1700, inclusive, the London bills grouped the measles deaths along with the deaths from smallpox, under the heading, “Flox, Smallpox and Measles”; in 1701 the total of measles, 4 deaths, is given as a separate item in the same bracket with smallpox; and in 1702 the heading of “Measles,” is restored to the place in the alphabetical list which it had held, except for that unaccountable break, from the beginning of the published bills in 1629. The following are the annual totals from and including the great epidemic of 1674:

Year Death from
measles
1674 795
1675 1
1676 83
1677 87
1678 93
1679 117
1680 49
1681 121
1682 50
1683 39
1684 6
1685 197
1686 25

Thus for a good many years after the general prevalence of measles in 1674 the deaths from it in London averaged only about one and a half in the week, while in no year until 1705-6 is there an epidemic comparable to that of 1674. It is clear that the severe epidemics of measles came at first at very long intervals, and that the years between had a very moderate mortality from that disease.

Measles in the 18th century.

There is hardly a reference to be found to measles in medical or other writings until the annual accounts of the public health at Ripon, York, Plymouth, etc. in the third decade of the 18th century. The annual deaths from it in London, according to the bills, were as follows, from 1701, when the disease was restored to its separate place in the classification:

Year Measles
deaths
1701 4
1702 27
1703 51
1704 12
1705 319
1706 361
1707 37
1708 126
1709 89
1710 181
1711 97
1712 77
1713 61
1714 139
1715 30
1716 270
1717 35
1718 492
1719 243
1720 213
1721 238
1722 114
1723 231
1724 118
1725 70
1726 256
1727 72
1728 82
1729 41
1730 311
1731 102
1732 30
1733 605
1734 20
1735 10
1736 169
1737 127
1738 216
1739 326
1740 46

The high mortalities of 1705 and 1706 belonged to one continuous epidemic from October, 1705, to April, 1706 (Sir David Hamilton says that smallpox was common in London in July, 1705, but the deaths in the bills are not excessive). The epidemic followed a great prevalence of the autumnal diarrhoea of infants, so that it is probable the high mortality was due as much to a greater fatality of cases from the antecedent weakening, as to an unusual number of cases[1193]. The following were the weekly deaths in a population about one-sixth that of London now: