Pot 3 : 73 : 86 2/8. Pot 3 : 66 : 82 2/8. Pot 3 : 84 4/8 : 70 6/8.
Pot 4 : 88 1/8 : 66 3/8. Pot 4 : 84 : 15 4/8. Pot 4 : 36 2/8 : 38. Pot 4 : 74 : 78 3/8.
Pot 5 : 90 1/8 : 82 6/8. Pot 5 : 90 5/8 : 83 6/8.
Total : 1037.00 : 973.16.
The average height of the thirteen self-fertilised grandchildren of Hero is 79.76 inches, and that of the grandchildren from a cross between the self-fertilised children is 74.85; or as 100 to 94. But in Pot 4 one of the crossed plants grew only to a height of 15 1/2 inches; and if this plant and its opponent are struck out, as would be the fairest plan, the average height of the crossed plants exceeds only by a fraction of an inch that of the self-fertilised plants. It is therefore clear that a cross between the self-fertilised children of Hero did not produce any beneficial effect worth notice; and it is very doubtful whether this negative result can be attributed merely to the fact of brothers and sisters having been united, for the ordinary intercrossed plants of the several successive generations must often have been derived from the union of brothers and sisters (as shown in Chapter 1), and yet all of them were greatly superior to the self-fertilised plants. We are therefore driven to the suspicion, which we shall soon see strengthened, that Hero transmitted to its offspring a peculiar constitution adapted for self-fertilisation.
It would appear that the self-fertilised descendants of Hero have not only inherited from Hero a power of growth equal to that of the ordinary intercrossed plants, but have become more fertile when self-fertilised than is usual with the plants of the present species. The flowers on the self-fertilised grandchildren of Hero in Table 2.16 (the eighth generation of self-fertilised plants) were fertilised with their own pollen and produced plenty of capsules, ten of which (though this is too few a number for a safe average) contained 5.2 seeds per capsule,—a higher average than was observed in any other case with the self-fertilised plants. The anthers produced by these self-fertilised grandchildren were also as well developed and contained as much pollen as those on the intercrossed plants of the corresponding generation; whereas this was not the case with the ordinary self-fertilised plants of the later generations. Nevertheless some few of the flowers produced by the grandchildren of Hero were slightly monstrous, like those of the ordinary self-fertilised plants of the later generations. In order not to recur to the subject of fertility, I may add that twenty-one self-fertilised capsules, spontaneously produced by the great-grandchildren of Hero (forming the ninth generation of self-fertilised plants), contained on an average 4.47 seeds; and this is as high an average as the self-fertilised flowers of any generation usually yielded.
Several flowers on the self-fertilised grandchildren of Hero in Table 2/16 were fertilised with pollen from the same flower; and the seedlings raised from them (great-grandchildren of Hero) formed the ninth self-fertilised generation. Several other flowers were crossed with pollen from another grandchild, so that they may be considered as the offspring of brothers and sisters, and the seedlings thus raised may be called the INTERCROSSED great-grandchildren. And lastly, other flowers were fertilised with pollen from a distinct stock, and the seedlings thus raised may be called the COLCHESTER-CROSSED great-grandchildren. In my anxiety to see what the result would be, I unfortunately planted the three lots of seeds (after they had germinated on sand) in the hothouse in the middle of winter, and in consequence of this the seedlings (twenty in number of each kind) became very unhealthy, some growing only a few inches in height, and very few to their proper height. The result, therefore, cannot be fully trusted; and it would be useless to give the measurements in detail. In order to strike as fair an average as possible, I first excluded all the plants under 50 inches in height, thus rejecting all the most unhealthy plants. The six self-fertilised thus left were on an average 66.86 inches high; the eight intercrossed plants 63.2 high; and the seven Colchester-crossed 65.37 high; so that there was not much difference between the three sets, the self-fertilised plants having a slight advantage. Nor was there any great difference when only the plants under 36 inches in height were excluded. Nor again when all the plants, however much dwarfed and unhealthy, were included. In this latter case the Colchester-crossed gave the lowest average of all; and if these plants had been in any marked manner superior to the other two lots, as from my former experience I fully expected they would have been, I cannot but think that some vestige of such superiority would have been evident, notwithstanding the very unhealthy condition of most of the plants. No advantage, as far as we can judge, was derived from intercrossing two of the grandchildren of Hero, any more than when two of the children were crossed. It appears therefore that Hero and its descendants have varied from the common type, not only in acquiring great power of growth, and increased fertility when subjected to self-fertilisation, but in not profiting from a cross with a distinct stock; and this latter fact, if trustworthy, is a unique case, as far as I have observed in all my experiments.]
A SUMMARY ON THE GROWTH, VIGOUR, AND FERTILITY OF THE SUCCESSIVE GENERATIONS OF THE CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF Ipomoea purpurea, TOGETHER WITH SOME MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS.
In Table 2/17, we see the average or mean heights of the ten successive generations of the intercrossed and self-fertilised plants, grown in competition with each other; and in the right hand column we have the ratios of the one to the other, the height of the intercrossed plants being taken at 100. In the bottom line the mean height of the seventy-three intercrossed plants is shown to be 85.84 inches, and that of the seventy-three self-fertilised plants 66.02 inches, or as 100 to 77.
TABLE 2/17. Ipomoea purpurea. Summary of measurements of the ten generations.