The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication

by Charles Darwin

HABIT, influence of, in acclimatisation, [24].
HÄCKEL, on fissiparous reproduction, [27];
—on cells, [27];
—on the double reproduction of medusæ, [27];
—on inheritance, [27].
HACKLES, peculiarities of, in fowls, [7].
HAIR, on the face, inheritance of, in man, [12];
—peculiar lock of, inherited, [12];
—growth of, under stimulation of skin, [25];
—homologous variation of, [25];
—development of, in the brain, [27].
HAIR and teeth, correlation of, [25].
HAIRY family, corresponding period of inheritance in, [14].
HALF-CASTES, character of, [13].
HALF-LOP rabbits, figured and described, [4], (2);
—skull of, [4].
Haliætus leucocephalus, copulating in captivity, [18].
HALLAM, Col., on a two-legged race of pigs, [12].
HALLET, Major, selection in cereals, [5];
—on pedigree wheat, [9].
HAMBURGH fowl, [7] (2);
—figured, [7].
HAMILTON, wild cattle of, [3].
HAMILTON, Dr., on the assumption of male plumage by the hen pheasant, [13].
HAMILTON, F. BUCHANAN, on the shaddock, [10];
—varieties of Indian cultivated plants, [22].
HANCOCK, Mr., sterility of tamed birds, [18] (2).
HANDWRITING, inheritance of peculiarities in, [12].
HANMER, Sir J., on selection of flower-seeds, [20].
HANSELL, Mr., inheritance of dark yolks in duck’s eggs, [8].
HARCOURT, E. V., on the Arab boar-hound, [1];
—aversion of the Arabs to dun-coloured horses, [2].
HARDY, Mr., effect of excess of nourishment on plants, [22].
HARE, hybrids of, with rabbit, [4];
—sterility of the, in confinement, [18];
—preference of, for particular plants, [21].
HARE-LIP, inheritance of, [12].
HARLAN, Dr., on hereditary diseases, [12].
HARTMAN, on the wild ass, [2].
HARVEY, Mr., monstrous red and white African bull, [3].
HARVEY, Prof., singular form of Begonia frigida, [10];
—effects of cross-breeding on the female, [11];
—monstrous saxifrage, [18].
HASORA wheat, [9].
HAUTBOIS strawberry, [10].
HAWKER, Col., on call or decoy ducks, [8].
HAWTHORN, varieties of, [10] (2);
—pyramidal, [10];
—pendulous hybridised, [12];
—changes of, by age, [10], [11];
—bud-variation in the, [11];
—flower buds of, attacked by bullfinches, [21].
HAYES, Dr., character of Esquimaux dogs, [1].
HAYWOOD, W., on the feral rabbits of Porto Santo, [4].
HAZEL, purple-leaved, [10], [11], [25].
HEAD of wild boar and Yorkshire pig, figured, [3].
HEAD and limbs, correlated variability of, [25].
HEADACHE, inheritance of, [14].
HEARTSEASE, [10];
—change produced in the, by transplantation, [11];
—reversion in, [13] (2);
—effects of selection on, [20];
—scorching of, [21];
—effects of seasonal conditions on the, [23];
—annual varieties of the, [24].
HEAT, effect of, upon the fleece of sheep, [3].
HEBER, Bishop, on the breeding of the rhinoceros in captivity, [18].
HEBRIDES, cattle of the, [3];
—pigeons of the, [6].
HEER, O., on the plants of the Swiss lake-dwellings, [9];
—on the cereals, [9];
—on the peas, [9];
—on the vine growing in Italy in the Bronze age, [10].
HEIMANN, potato-grafting, [11].
Helix lactea, [23].
Hemerocallis fulva and flava, interchanging by bud-variation, [11].
HEMLOCK, yields no conicine in Scotland, [23].
HEMP, differences of, in various parts of India, [18];
—climatal difference in products of, [23].
HEMPSEED, effect of, upon the colour of birds, [23].
HERMAPHRODITE flowers, occurrence of, in maize, [9].
HEN, assumption of male characters by the, [13] (2);
—development of spurs in the, [24].
“HENNIES,” or hen-like male fowls, [7].
HENRY, T. A., a variety of the ash produced by grafting, [11];
—crossing of species of Rhododendron and Arabis, [11].
HENSLOW, Prof., individual variation in wheat, [9];
—bud-variation in the Austrian bramble rose, [11];
—partial reproduction of the weeping ash by seed, [12].
HEPATICA, changed by transplantation, [11].
HERBERT, Dr., variations of Viola grandiflora, [10];
—bud-variation in camellias, [11];
—seedlings from reverted Cytisus adami,, [11];
—crosses of Swedish and other turnips, [15];
—on hollyhocks, [20];
—breeding of hybrids, [17];
—self-impotence in hybrid hippeastrums, [17] (2);
—hybrid Gladiolus, [17];
—on Zephyranthes candida, [18];
—fertility of the crocus, [18];
—on contabescence, [18];
—hybrid Rhododendron, [22].
HERCULANEUM, figure of a pig found in, [3].
HERON, Sir R., appearance of “black-shouldered” among ordinary peacocks, [8] (2);
—non-inheritance of monstrous characters by gold-fish, [8];
—crossing of white and coloured Angora rabbits, [15];
—crosses of solid-hoofed pigs, [15].
Herpestes fasciatus and griseus, [18].
HEUSINGER, on the sheep of the Tarentino, [21];
—on correlated constitutional peculiarities, [25].
HEWITT, Mr., reversion in bantam cocks, [7];
—degeneration of silk fowls, [7];
—partial sterility of hen-like male fowls, [7];
—production of tailed chickens by rumpless fowls, [7];
—on taming and rearing wild ducks, [8], [21], [22];
—conditions of inheritance in laced Sebright bantams, [12];
—reversion in rumpless fowls, [13];
—reversion in fowls by age, [13];
—hybrids of pheasant and fowl, [13], [14];
—assumption of male characters by female pheasants, [13];
—development of latent characters in a barren bantam hen, [13];
—mongrels from the silk fowl, [14];
—effects of close interbreeding on fowls, [17] (2);
—on feather-legged bantams, [25].
HIBBERT, Mr., on the pigs of the Shetland Islands, [3].
HIBISCUS, See Paritium.
HIGHLAND cattle, descended from Bos longifrons, [3].
HILDEBRAND, Dr., on graft-hybrids with the potato, [11];
—on the influence of pollen on the mother-plant, [11];
—on the fertilisation of Orchideæ, [11] (2);
—occasional necessary crossing of plants, [15];
—on seeds not fitted for distribution, [9];
—potato-grafting, [11];
—crossing of varieties, [16];
—on Primula sinensis and Oxalis rosea, [17];
—on Corydalis cava, [17] (2).
HILL, R., on the Alco, [1];
—feral rabbits in Jamaica, [4];
—feral peacocks in Jamaica, [6];
—variation of the Guinea fowl in Jamaica, [8];
—sterility of tamed birds in Jamaica, [18] (2).
HIMALAYA, range of gallinaceous birds in the, [7].
HIMALAYAN rabbit, [4] (2);
—skull of, [4].
HIMALAYAN sheep, [3].
HINDMARSH, Mr., on Chillingham cattle, [3].
“HINKEL-TAUBE,” [5] (2).
HINNY and mule, difference of, [14].
Hipparion, anomalous resemblance to, in horses, [2].
Hippeastrum, hybrids of, [17] (2).
HIVE-BEES, ancient domestication of, [8];
—breeds of, [8];
—smaller when produced in old combs, [8];
—variability in, [8];
—crossing of Ligurian and common, [8].
HOBBS, FISHER, on interbreeding pigs, [17].
“HOCKER-TAUBE,” [5].
HODGKIN, Dr., on the attraction of foxes by a female Dingo, [1];
—origin of the Newfoundland dog, [1];
—transmission of a peculiar lock of hair, [12].
HODGSON, Mr., domestication of Canis primævus, [1];
—development of a fifth digit in Thibet mastiffs, [1];
—number of ribs in humped cattle, [3];
—on the sheep of the Himalaya, [3];
—presence of four mammæ in sheep, [3];
—arched nose in sheep, [3];
—measurements of the intestines of goats, [3];
—presence of interdigital pits in goats, [3];
—disuse a cause of drooping ears, [24].
HOFACKER, persistency of colour in horses, [2], [12];
—production of dun horses from parents of different colours, [2];
—inheritance of peculiarities in handwriting, [12];
—heredity in a one horned stag, [12];
—on consanguineous marriages, [17].
HOFFMAN, Prof., on Raphanus, [9].
HOG, Red River, [18].
HOGG, Mr., retardation of breeding in cows by hard living, [16].
HOLLAND, Sir H., necessity of inheritance, [12];
—on hereditary diseases, [12];
—hereditary peculiarity in the eyelid, [12];
—morbid uniformity in the same family, [12];
—transmission of hydrocele through the female, [13];
—inheritance of habits and tricks, [27].
HOLLY, varieties of the, [10] (2);
—bud-reversion in, [11];
—yellow-berried, [12], [21].
HOLLYHOCK, bud-variation in, [11];
—non-crossing of double varieties of, [16];
—tender variety of the, [24].
HOMER, notice of geese, [8];
—breeding of the horses of Æneas, [20].
HOMOLOGOUS parts, correlated variability of, [25], [26] (2);
—fusion of, [26];
—affinity of, [26] (2).
HOOFS, correlated with hair in variation, [25].
HOOK-BILLED duck, skull figured, [8].
HOOKER, Dr. J. D., forked shoulder-stripe in Syrian asses, [2];
—voice of the cock in Sikkim, [7];
—use of Arum-roots as food, [9];
—native useful plants of Australia, [9];
—wild walnut of the Himalayas, [10];
—variety of the plane-tree, [10];
—production of Thuja orientalis from seeds of T. pendula, [10];
—singular form of Begonia frigida, [10];
—reversion in plants run wild, [13];
—on the sugar-cane, [18];
—on Arctic plants, [22];
—on the oak grown at the Cape of Good Hope, [23];
—on Rhododendron ciliatum, [23];
—stock and mignonette perennial in Tasmania, [24].
HOPKIRK, Mr., bud-variation in the rose, [11];
—in Mirabilis jalapa, [11];
—in Convolvulus tricolor, [11].
HORNBEAM, heterophyllous, [10].
HORNED fowl, [7];
—skull figured, [7].
HORNLESS cattle in Paraguay, [3].
HORNS of sheep, [3];
—correlation of, with fleece in sheep, [25];
—correlation of, with the skull, [25];
—rudimentary in young polled cattle, [24];
—of goats, [3].
HORSES, in Swiss lake-dwellings, [2];
—different breeds of, in Malay Archipelago, [2];
—anomalies in osteology and dentition of, [2];
—mutual fertility of different breeds, [2];
—feral, [2];
—habit of scraping away snow, [2];
—mode of production of breeds of, [2];
—inheritance and diversity of colour in, [2];
—dark stripes in, [2];
—dun-coloured, origin of, [2];
—colours of feral, [3] (2);
—effect of fecundation by a quagga on the subsequent progeny of, [11];
—inheritance of peculiarities in, [12] (2);
—polydactylism in, [12];
—inheritance of colour in, [12];
—inheritance of exostoses in legs of, [12];
—reversion in, [13] (2);
—hybrids of, with ass and zebra, [13];
—prepotency of transmission in the sexes of, [14];
—segregation of, in Paraguay, [16];
—wild species of, breeding in captivity, [18];
—curly, in Paraguay, [20], [25];
—selection of, for trifling characters, [20];
—unconscious selection of, [20] (2);
—natural selection in Circassia, [21];
—alteration of coat of, in coal-mines, [23];
—degeneration of, in the Falkland Islands, [23];
—diseases of, caused by shoeing, [24];
—feeding on meat, [24];
—white and white-spotted, poisoned by mildewed vetches, [25];
—analogous variations in the colour of, [26];
—teeth developed on palate of, [27];
—of Bronze period in Denmark, [28].
HORSE-CHESTNUT, early, at the Tuileries, [10];
—tendency to doubleness in, [18].
HORSE-RADISH, general sterility of the, [18].
“HOUDAN,” a French sub-breed of fowls, [7].
HOWARD, C., on an Egyptian monument, [1];
—on crossing sheep, [3] (2).
HUC, on the Emperor Khang-hi, [20];
—Chinese varieties of the bamboo, [22].
HUMBOLDT, A., character of the Zambos, [13];
—parrot speaking in the language of an extinct tribe, [18];
—on Pulex penetrans, [23].
HUMIDITY, injurious effect of, upon horses, [2].
HUMPHREYS, Col., on Ancon sheep, [3].
HUNGARIAN cattle, [3].
HUNTER, JOHN, period of gestation in the dog, [1];
—on secondary sexual characters, [3];
—fertile crossing of Anser ferus and the domestic goose, [8];
—inheritance of peculiarities in gestures, voice, etc., [12];
—assumption of male characters by the human female, [13];
—period of appearance of hereditary diseases, [14];
—graft of the spur of a cock upon its comb, [24];
—on the stomach of Larus tridentatus, [24].
HUNTER, W., evidence against the influence of imagination upon the offspring, [22].
HUTH, Mr., close interbreeding of rabbits, [17];
—consanguineous marriages, [17].
HUTTON, Capt., on the variability of the silk-moth, [8];
—on the number of species of silkworms, [8];
—markings of silkworms, [8];
—domestication of the rock-pigeon in India, [6];
—domestication and crossing of Gallus bankiva, [7];
—reversion in goats from a cross, [13].
HUTCHINSON, Col., liability of dogs to distemper, [1].
HUXLEY, Prof., on the transmission of polydactylism, [12];
—on unconscious selection, [20];
—on correlation in the mollusca, [25];
—on gemmation and fission, [27];
—development of star-fishes, [27].
HYACINTHS, [10];
—bud-variation in, [11];
—graft-hybrid by union of half bulbs of, [11];
—white, reproduced by seed, [12];
—red, [21];
—varieties of, recognisable by the bulb, [22].
HYACINTH, feather, [19], [24].
Hyacinthus orientalis, [10].
Hybiscus syriacus, [23].
HYBRIDS, of hare and rabbit, [6];
—of various species of Gallus, [7];
—of almond, peach, and nectarine, [10];
—naturally produced, of species of Cytisus, [11];
—from twin-seed of Fuchsia coccinea and fulgens, [11];
—reversion of, [11] (2), [13] (2);
—from mare, ass, and zebra, [13];
—of tame animals, wildness of, [13] (2);
—female instincts of sterile male, [13];
—transmission and blending of characters in, [15];
—breed better with parent species than with each other, [17];
—self-impotence in, [17];
—readily produced in captivity, [18].
HYBRIDISATION, singular effects of, in oranges, [10];
—of cherries, [10];
—difficulty of, in Cucurbitæ, [10];
—of roses, [10].
HYBRIDISM, [19];
—the cause of a tendency to double flowers, [18];
—in relation to Pangenesis, [27].
HYBRIDITY in cats, [1] (2);
—supposed, of peach and nectarine, [10].
Hydra, [11], [24], [27].
HYDRANGEA, colour of flowers of, influenced by alum, [23].
HYDROCELE, [13].
HYDROCEPHALUS, [24].
Hypericum calycinum, [18].
Hypericum crispum, [21], [25].
HYPERMETAMORPHOSIS, [27].
HYPERMETROPIA, hereditary, [12].

ICHTHYOPTERYGIA, number of digits in the, [13].
Ilex aquifolium, [12].
IMAGINATION, supposed effect of, on offspring, [22].
Imatophyllum miniatum, bud-variation in, [11].
INCEST, abhorred by savages, [17].
INCUBATION, by crossed fowls of non-sitting varieties, [13].
INDIA, striped horses of, [2];
—pigs of, [3] (2);
—breeding of rabbits in, [4];
—cultivation of pigeons in, [6].
INDIVIDUAL variability in pigeons, [5].
INGLEDEW, Mr., cultivation of European vegetables in India, [18].
“INDISCHE Taube,” [5].
INHERITANCE, [12], [27], (2);
—doubts entertained of, by some writers, [12];
—importance of, to breeders, [11], [12];
—evidence of, derived from statistics of chances, [12];
—of peculiarities in man, [12], (2);
—of disease, [12] (3);
—of peculiarities in the eye, [12];
—of deviations from symmetry, [12];
—of polydactylism, [12];
—capriciousness of, [12];
—of mutilations, [12];
—of congenital monstrosities, [12];
—causes of absence of, [12];
—by reversion or atavism, [13];
—its connection with fixedness of character, [14];
—affected by prepotency of transmission of character, [14];
—limited by sex, [14];
—at corresponding periods of life, [14];
—summary of the subject of, [14];
—laws of, the same in seminal and bud varieties, [11];
—of characters in the horse, [2];
—in cattle, [3];
—in rabbits, [4];
—in the peach, [10];
—in the nectarine, [10];
—in plums, [10];
—in apples, [10];
—in pears, [10];
—in the pansy, [10];
—of primary characters of Columba livia in crossed pigeons, [5];
—of peculiarities of plumage in pigeons, [5];
—of peculiarities of foliage in trees, [10];
—effects of, in varieties of the cabbage, [9].
INSANITY, inheritance of, [12], [14].
INSECTS, regeneration of lost parts in, [10], [24];
—agency of, in fecundation of larkspurs, [12];
—effect of changed conditions upon, [18];
—sterile neuter, [19];
—monstrosities in, [22], [27].
INSTINCTS, defective, of silkworms, [8].
INTERBREEDING, close, ill effects of, [17], [19].
INTERCROSSING, of species, as a cause of variation, [6];
—natural, of plants, [10];
—of species of Canidæ and breeds of dogs, [1];
—of domestic and wild cats, [1] (2);
—of breeds of pigs, [3] (2);
—of cattle, [3];
—of varieties of cabbage, [9];
—of peas, [9] (3);
—of varieties of orange, [10];
—of species of strawberries, [10] (2);
—of Cucurbitæ, [10] (2);
—of flowering plants, [10];
—of pansies, [10].
INTERDIGITAL pits, in goats, [3].
INTERMARRIAGES, close, [17] (2).
INTESTINES, elongation of, in pigs, [3];
—relative measurement of parts of, in goats, [3];
—effects of changed diet on, [24].
Ipomœa purpurea, [17].
IRELAND, remains of Bos frontosus and longifrons found in, [3].
IRIS, hereditary absence of the, [12];
—hereditary peculiarities of colour of the, [12];
—variation of, [11].
Iris xiphium, [11].
IRISH, ancient, selection practised by the, [20].
IRON period, in Europe, dog of, [1].
ISLANDS, oceanic, scarcity of useful plants on, [9].
ISLAY, pigeons of, [6].
ISOLATION, effect of, in favour of selection, [21] (2).
ITALY, vine-growing in, during the Bronze period, [10].
IVY, sterility of, in the north of Europe, [18].

JACK, Mr., effect of foreign pollen on grapes, [11].
JACKAL, [1] (3);
—hybrids of, with the dog, [1];
—prepotency of, over the dog, [1].
JACKSON, Mr., white-footed cats, [25].
JACOBIN pigeon, [5], [6].
JACQUEMET-BONNEFORT, on the mulberry, [10].
JAEGER, Prof., on reversion in pigs, from a cross, [13];
—white pigeons killed by hawks, [21].
JAGUAR, with crooked legs, [1].
JAMAICA, feral dogs of, [1];
—feral pigs of, [3];
—feral rabbits of, [4].
JAMESON, Mr., on hybrid potatoes, [11].
JAPAN, horses of, [2].
JAPANESE pig (figured), [3].
JARDINE, Sir W., crossing of domestic and wild cats, [1].
JARVES, J., silkworm in the Sandwich Islands, [8].
JAVA, fantail pigeon in, [5].
JAVANESE ponies, [2] (2).
JEITTELES, history of the dog, [1];
—history of the fowl, [7];
—Hungarian sheep-dogs, [1];
—crossing of domestic and wild cats, [1].
JEMMY BUTTON, [9].
JENYNS, L., whiteness of ganders, [8];
—sunfish-like variety of the goldfish, [8].
JERDON, J. C., number of eggs laid by the pea-hen, [20];
—origin of domestic fowl, [7].
JERSEY, arborescent cabbages of, [9].
JESSAMINE, [11].
JESSE, G. R., on the bulldog, [1].
JOHN, King, importation of stallions from Flanders by, [20].
JOHNSON, D., occurrence of stripes on young wild pigs in India, [3].
JORDAN, A., on Vibert’s experiments on the vine, [10];
—origin of varieties of the apple, [10];
—varieties of pears found wild in woods, [22].
JOURDAN, parthenogenesis in the silk-moth, [27].
JUAN DE NOVA, wild dogs on, [1].
JUAN FERNANDEZ, dumb dogs on, [1].
Juglans regia, [10].
JUKES, Prof., origin of the Newfoundland dog, [1].
JULIEN, Stanislas, early domestication of pigs in China, [3];
—antiquity of the domestication of the silkworm in China, [8].
JUMPERS, a breed of fowls, [7].
JUNIPER, variations of the, [10] (2).
Juniperus suecica, [10].
Jussiæa grandiflora, [18].
JUSSIEU, A. de, structure of the pappus in Carthamus, [24].

KAIL, Scotch, reversion in, [13].
KALES, [9].
“KALI-PAR” pigeon, [5].
KALM, P., on maize, [9], [24];
—introduction of wheat into Canada, [9];
—sterility of trees growing in marshes and dense woods, [18].
“KALMI LOTAN” tumbler pigeon, [5].
KANE, Dr., on Esquimaux dogs, [1].
KARAKOOL sheep, [3].
KARKEEK, on inheritance in the horse, [12].
“KARMELITEN Taube,” [5].
KARSTEN on Pulex penetrans, [23].
KATTYWAR horses, [2].
KEELEY, R., pelorism in Galeobdolon luteum, [13].
KERNER, on the culture of Alpine plants, [18];
—definite action of conditions, [23].
KESTREL, breeding in captivity, [18].
“KHANDÉSI,” [5].
KHANG-HI, selection of a variety of rice by, [20].
KIANG, [13].
KIDD, on the canary-bird, [8], [14].
KIDNEY bean, [10];
—varieties of, [22], [23].
KIDNEYS, compensatory development of the, [24];
—shape of, in birds influenced by the form of the pelvis, [26].
KING, Col., domestication of rock doves from the Orkneys, [6] (2).
KING, Dr., on Paritium, [11].
KING, P. P., on the dingo, [1] (2).
KIRBY and Spence, on the growth of galls, [23].
KIRGHISIAN sheep, [3].
KITE, breeding in captivity, [18].
KLEINE, variability of bees, [8].
KNIGHT, ANDREW, on crossing horses of different breeds, [2];
—crossing varieties of peas, [9], [17];
—persistency of varieties of peas, [9];
—origin of the peach, [10];
—hybridisation of the morello by the Elton cherry, [10];
—on seedling cherries, [10];
—variety of the apple not attacked by coccus, [10];
—intercrossing of strawberries, [10] (2);
—broad variety of the cock’s-comb, [10];
—bud variation in the cherry and plum, [11];
—crossing of white and purple grapes, [11];
—experiments in crossing apples, [11], [17];
—hereditary disease in plants, [12];
—on interbreeding, [17];
—crossed varieties of wheat, [17];
—necessity of intercrossing in plants, [19];
—on variation, [22] (2);
—effects of grafting, [11], [23];
—bud-variation in a plum, [23];
—correlated variation of head and limbs, [8].
KNOX, Mr., breeding of the eagle owl in captivity, [18].
KOCH, degeneracy in the turnip, [9].
KOHLRABI, [9].
KÖLREUTER, reversion in hybrids, [11], [13];
—acquired sterility of crossed varieties of plants, [10], [16];
—absorption of Mirabilis vulgaris by M. longiflora, [15];
—crosses of species of Verbascum, [15], [16];
—on the hollyhock, [16];
—crossing varieties of tobacco, [16];
—benefits of crossing plants, [17] (2), [19] (2);
—sell-impotence in Verbascum, [17] (2);
—effects of conditions of growth upon fertility in Mirabilis, [18];
—great development of tubers in hybrid plants, [18];
—inheritance of plasticity, [21];
—variability of hybrids of Mirabilis, [22];
—repeated crossing a cause of variation, [22];
—number of pollen-grains necessary for fertilisation, [27].
“KRAUSESCHWEIN,” [3].
KROHN, on the double reproduction of Medusæ, [27].
“KROPF-TAUBEN,” [5].

LABAT, on the tusks of feral boars in the West Indies, [5];
—on French wheat grown in the West Indies, [24];
—on the culture of the vine in the West Indies, [24].
LABURNUM, Adam’s, see Cytisus adami,;
—oak-leaved, reversion of, [11];
—pelorism in the, [26];
—Waterer’s, [11].
LACHMANN, on gemmation and fission, [27].
Lachnanthes tinctoria, [21], [25].
LACTATION, imperfect, hereditary, [12];
—deficient, of wild animals in captivity, [18].
LADRONE Islands, cattle of, [3].
LA GASCA, Prof., individual variation in wheat, [9].
LAING, Mr., resemblance of Norwegian and Devonshire cattle, [3].
LAKE-DWELLINGS, sheep of, [3];
—cattle of, [3];
—absence of the fowl in, [7];
—cultivated plants of, [9], [28] (2);
—cereals of, [9];
—peas found in, [9];
—beans found in, [9].
LAMARE-PIQUOT, observations on half-bred North American wolves, [1].
LAMBERT, A. B., on Thuja pendula or filiformis, [10].
LAMBERT family, [12], [14].
LAMBERTYE, on strawberries, [10] (2);
—five-leaved variety of Fragaria collina, [10].
LANDT, L., on sheep in the Faroe Islands, [16].
LANKESTER, RAY, on longevity, [27].
LA PLATA, wild dogs of, [1];
—feral cat from, [1].
LARCH, [24].
LARKSPURS, insect agency necessary for the full fecundation of, [12].
Larus argentatus, [18], [24].
Larus tridactylus, [24].
LASTERYE, merino sheep in different countries, [3].
LATENT characters, [13].
LATHAM, on the fowl not breeding in the extreme north, [18].
Lathyrus, [13].
Lathyrus aphaca, [26].
Lathyrus odoratus, [11] (2), [15] (2), [24].
LA TOUCHE, J. D., on a Canadian apple with dimidiate fruit, [11] (2).
“LATZ-TAUBE,” [5].
LAUGHER pigeon, [5], [6].
Laurus sassafras, [23].
LAWRENCE, J., production of a new breed of foxhounds, [1];
—occurrence of canines in mares, [2];
—on three-parts-bred horses, [2];
—on inheritance in the horse, [12] (2).
LAWSON, Mr., varieties of the potato, [9].
LAXTON, Mr., bud-variation in the gooseberry, [11];
—crossing of varieties of the pea, [11] (2);
—weakness of transmission in peas, [14];
—double-flowered peas, [18].
LAYARD, E. L., resemblance of a Caffre dog to the Esquimaux breed, [1], [23];
—crossing of the domestic cat with Felis caffra, [1];
—feral pigeons in Ascension, [6];
—domestic pigeons of Ceylon, [6];
—on Gallus stanleyi, [7];
—on black-skinned Ceylonese fowls, [7].
LE COMPTE family, blindness inherited in, [14].
LECOQ, bud-variation in Mirabilis jalapa, [11];
—hybrids of Mirabilis, [11], [18], [22];
—crossing in plants, [17];
—fecundation of Passiflora, [17];
—hybrid Gladiolus, [17];
—sterility of Ranunculus ficaria, [18];
—villosity in plants, [23];
—double asters, [24].
LE COUTEUR, J., varieties of wheat, [9];
—acclimatisation of exotic wheat in Europe, [9];
—adaptation of wheat to soil and climate, [9];
—selection of seed-corn, [9];
—evil from inter-breeding, [17];
—on change of soil, [18];
—selection of wheat, [20];
—natural selection in wheat, [21];
—cattle of Jersey, [21].
LEDGER, Mr., on the llama and alpaca, [20].
LEE, Mr., his early culture of the pansy, [10].
Leersia oryzoides, [15].
LEFOUR, period of gestation in cattle, [3].
LEGRAIN, falsified experiments of, [17].
LEGS, of fowls, effects of disuse on, [7];
—characters and variations of, in ducks, [24].
LEGUAT, cattle of the Cape of Good Hope, [3].
LEHMANN, occurrence of wild double-flowered plants near a hot spring, [18].
LEIGHTON, W. A., propagation of a weeping yew by seed, [12].
LEITNER, effects of removal of anthers, [18].
LEMMING, [18].
LEMOINE, variegated Symphytum and Phlox, [11].
LEMON, [10];
—orange fecundated by pollen of the, [11].
LEMURS, hybrid, [4].
LEPORIDES, [18].
LEPSIUS, figures of ancient Egyptian dogs, [1];
—domestication of pigeons in ancient Egypt, [6].
Lepus glacialis, [4].
Lepus magellanicus, [4].
Lepus nigripes, [4].
Lepus tibetanus, [4].
Lepus variabilis, [4].
LEREBOULLET, double monsters of fishes, [26].
LESLIE, on Scotch wild cattle, [3].
LESSONA, on regrowth, [27];
—on Lepus magellanicus, [4].
LETHBRIDGE, previous impregnation, [11].
LEUCKART, on the larva of Cecidomyidæ, [27].
LEWES, G. H., on Pangenesis, [27].
LEWIS, G., cattle of the West Indies, [21].
LHERBETTE and Quatrefages, on the horses of Circassia, [16], [21].
LICHENS, sterility in, [18].
LICHTENSTEIN, resemblance of Bosjesman’s dogs to Canis mesomelas, [1];
—Newfoundland dog at the Cape of Good Hope, [1].
LIEBIG, differences in human blood, according to complexion, [23].
LIEBREICH, occurrence of pigmentary retinitis in deaf-mutes, [25].
LILACS, [18].
LILIACEÆ, contabescence in, [18].
Lilium bulbiferum and davuricum, [11].
Lilium candidum, [17].
LIMBS, regeneration of, [27].
LIMBS and head, correlated variation of, [25].
LIME, effect of, upon shells of the mollusca, [23].
LIME-TREE, changes of, by age, [10], [11].
LIMITATION, sexual, [14].
LIMITATION, supposed, of variation, [28].
Linaria, pelorism in, [13] (2), [14];
—peloric, crossed with the normal form, [14];
—sterility of, [18].
Linaria vulgaris and purpurea, hybrids of, [15].
LINDEMUTH, potato-grafting, [11].
LINDLEY, JOHN, classification of varieties of cabbages, [9];
—origin of the peach, [10];
—influence of soil on peaches and nectarines, [10];
—varieties of the peach and nectarine, [10];
—on the New Town pippin, [10];
—freedom of the Winter Majetin apple from coccus, [10];
—production of monœcious Hautbois strawberries by bud-selection, [10];
—origin of the large tawny nectarine, [11];
—bud-variation in the gooseberry, [11];
—hereditary disease in plants, [12];
—on double flowers, [18];
—seeding of ordinarily seedless fruits, [18];
—sterility of Acorus calamus, [18];
—resistance of individual plants to cold, [24].
LINNÆUS, summer and winter wheat regarded as distinct species by, [9];
—on the single-leaved strawberry, [10];
—sterility of Alpine plants in gardens, [18];
—recognition of individual reindeer by the Laplanders, [22];
—growth of tobacco in Sweden, [24].
LINNET, [18].
Linota cannabina, [18].
Linum, [18].
LION, fertility of, in captivity, [18] (2).
LIPARI, feral rabbits of, [4].
LIVINGSTONE, Dr., striped young pigs on the Zambesi, [3];
—domestic rabbits at Loanda, [4];
—use of grass-seeds as food in Africa, [9];
—planting of fruit-trees by the Batokas, [9];
—character of half-castes, [13];
—taming of animals among the Barotse, [18];
—selection practised in South Africa, [20] (2).
LIVINGSTONE, Mr., disuse a cause of drooping ears, [24].
LIZARDS, reproduction of tail in, [24].
LLAMA, selection of, [20].
LLOYD, Mr., taming of the wolf, [1];
—English dogs in northern Europe, [1];
—fertility of the goose increased by domestication, [8];
—number of eggs laid by the wild goose, [16];
—breeding of the capercailzie in captivity, [18].
LOANDA, domestic rabbits at, [4].
Loasa, hybrid of two species of, [15].
Lobelia, reversion in hybrids of, [11];
—contabescence in, [18].
Lobelia fulgens, cardinalis, and syphilitica, [17].
LOCKHART, Dr., on Chinese pigeons, [6].
LOCUST-TREE, [23].
LOISELEUR-DESLONGCHAMPS, originals of cultivated plants, [9];
—Mongolian varieties of wheat, [9];
—characters of the ear in wheat, [9];
—acclimatisation of exotic wheat in Europe, [9];
—effect of change of climate on wheat, [9];
—on the supposed necessity of the coincident variation of weeds and cultivated plants, [9];
—advantage of change of soil to plants, [18].
Lolium temulentum, variable presence of barbs in, [9].
LONG-TAILED sheep, [3].
LOOCHOO Islands, horses of, [2].
LORD, J. K., on Canis latrans, [1].
“LORI RAJAH,” how produced, [7].
Lorius garrulus, [23].
“LOTAN” tumbler pigeon, [5].
LOUDON, J. W., varieties of the carrot, [9];
—short duration of varieties of peas, [9];
—on the glands of peach-leaves, [10];
—presence of bloom on Russian apples, [10];
—origin of varieties of the apple, [10];
—varieties of the gooseberry, [10];
—on the nut tree, [10];
—varieties of the ash, [10];
—fastigiate juniper (J. suecica), [10];
—on Ilex aquifolium ferox, [10];
—varieties of the Scotch fir, [10] (2);
—varieties of the hawthorn, [10];
—variation in the persistency of leaves on the elm and Turkish oak, [10];
—importance of cultivated varieties, [10];
—varieties of Rosa spinosissima, [10];
—variation of dahlias from the same seed, [10];
—production of Provence roses from seeds of the moss-rose, [11];
—effect of grafting the purple-leaved upon the common hazel, [11];
—intercrossing melons, [17];
—nearly evergreen Cornish variety of the elm, [24].
LOW, on the pigs of the Orkney Islands, [3].
LOW, Prof., pedigrees of greyhounds, [12];
—origin of the dog, [1];
—burrowing instinct of a half-bred dingo, [1];
—inheritance of qualities in horses, [2];
—comparative powers of English racehorses, Arabs, etc., [2];
—British breeds of cattle, [3];
—wild cattle of Chartley, [3];
—effect of abundance of food on the size of cattle, [3];
—effects of climate on the skin of cattle, [3], [25];
—on interbreeding, [17];
—selection in Hereford cattle, [20];
—formation of new breeds, [21];
—on “sheeted” cattle, [26].
LOWE, Mr., on hive bees, [8].
LOWE, Rev. Mr., on the range of Pyrus malus and P. acerba, [10].
LOWNE, Mr., monsters, [26];
—on gemmules, [27].
“LOWTUN” tumbler pigeon, [5].
Loxia pyrrhula, [5].
LUBBOCK, Sir J., developments of the Ephemeridæ, [27].
LUCAS, P., effects of cross-breeding on the female, [11];
—hereditary diseases, [12], [14] (2);
—hereditary affections of the eye, [12] (2);
—inheritance of anomalies in the human eye and in that of the horse, [12];
—inheritance of polydactylism, [12];
—morbid uniformity in the same family, [12];
—inheritance of mutilations, [12];
—persistency of cross-reversion, [13];
—persistency of character in breeds of animals in wild countries, [14];
—prepotency of transmission, [14] (2);
—supposed rules of transmission in crossing animals, [14];
—sexual limitations of transmission of peculiarities, [14] (2);
—absorption of the minority in crossed races, [15];
—crosses without blending of certain characters, [15];
—on interbreeding, [17];
—variability dependent on reproduction, [22];
—period of action of variability, [22];
—inheritance of deafness in cats, [25];
—complexion and constitution, [25].
LUCAZE-DUTHIERS, structure and growth of galls, [23].
LUCAE, Prof., on the masked pig, [3];
—on pigs, [24].
LUIZET, grafting of a peach-almond on a peach, [10].
LUTKE, cats of the Caroline Archipelago, [1].
LUXURIANCE, of vegetative organs, a cause of sterility in plants, [18] (2).
LYONNET, on the scission of Nais, [27].
Lysimachia nummularia, sterility of, [18].
Lythrum, trimorphic species of, [27].
Lythrum salicaria, [19];
—contabescence in, [18].
Lytta vesicatoria, affecting the kidneys, [27].

Macacus, species of, bred in captivity, [18].
MACAULAY, Lord, improvement of the English horse, [20].
M’CLELLAND, Dr., variability of fresh-water fishes in India, [22].
M’COY, Prof., on the dingo, [1].
MACFAYDEN, influence of soil in producing sweet or bitter oranges from the same seed, [10].
MACGILLIVRAY, domestication of the rock-dove, [6];
—feral pigeons in Scotland, [6];
—number of vertebræ in birds, [7];
—on wild geese, [8];
—number of eggs of wild and tame ducks, [16].
MACKENZIE, Sir G., peculiar variety of the potato, [9].
MACKENZIE, P., bud-variation in the currant, [11].
MACKINNON, Mr., horses of the Falkland Islands, [2];
—feral cattle of the Falkland Islands, [3].
MACKNIGHT, C., on interbreeding cattle, [17].
MACNAB, Mr., on seedling weeping birches, [12];
—non-production of the weeping beech by seed, [12].
MADAGASCAR, cats of, [1].
MADDEN, H., on interbreeding cattle, [17].
MADEIRA, rock pigeon of, [6].
Magnolia grandiflora, [24].
MAGNUS, Herr, on potato-grafting, [11];
—on graft-hybrids, [11] (2).
MAIZE, its unity of origin, [9];
—antiquity of, [9];
—with husked grains said to grow wild, [9];
—variation of, [7];
—irregularities in the flowers of, [9];
—persistence of varieties, [9];
—adaptation of, to climate, [9], [24];
—acclimatisation of, [24], [26];
—crossing of, [11], [16] (2);
—extinct Peruvian varieties of, [28].
MALAY fowl, [7].
MALAY Archipelago, horses of, [2];
—short-tailed cats of, [1];
—striped young wild pigs of, [3];
—ducks of, [8].
MALE, influence of, on the fecundated female, [11];
—supposed influence of, on offspring, [14].
MALE flowers, appearance of, among female flowers in maize, [9].
MALFORMATIONS, hereditary, [14].
MALINGIÉ-NOUEL, on sheep, [3];
—cross-breeding sheep, [14];
—English sheep in France, [21].
MALM, eyes of flat fish, [13].
Malva, fertilisation of, [11], [27].
Mamestra suasa, [18].
MAMMÆ, variable in number in the pig, [3];
—rudimentary, occasional full development of, in cows, [3], [24];
—four present in some sheep, [3];
—variable in number in rabbits, [4];
—latent functions of, in male animals, [13], [24].
MANGLES, Mr., annual varieties of the heartsease, [24].
MANTEGAZZA, abnormal growth of spur of cock, [27];
—on Pangenesis, [27].
MANTELL, Mr., taming of birds by the New Zealanders, [18].
MANU, domestic fowl noticed in the Institutes of, [7].
MANURE, effect of, on the fertility of plants, [18].
MANX cats, [1], [14].
MARCEL DE SERRES, fertility of the ostrich, [18].
MARIANNE Islands, varieties of Pandanus in, [22].
MARKHAM, GERVASE, on rabbits, [4], [20].
MARKHOR, probably one of the parents of the goat, [3].
MARQUAND, cattle of the Channel Islands, [3].
MARRIMPOEY, inheritance in the horse, [12].
MARROW, vegetable, [10].
MARRYATT, Capt., breeding of asses in Kentucky, [21].
MARSDEN, notice of Gallus giganteus, [7].
MARSHALL, Dr. W., on Gallus sonneratii, [7].
MARSHALL, Mr., voluntary selection of pasture by sheep, [3];
—adaptation of wheats to soil and climate, [9];
—“Dutch-buttocked” cattle, [12];
—segregation of herds of sheep, [16];
—advantage of change of soil to wheat and potatoes, [18];
—fashionable change in the horns of cattle, [20];
—sheep in Yorkshire, [21].
MARTENS, E. VON, on Achatinella, [13].
MARTIN, W. C. L., origin of the dog, [1];
—Egyptian dogs, [1];
—barking of a Mackenzie River dog, [1];
—African hounds in the Tower menagerie, [3];
—on dun horses and dappled asses, [2];
—breeds of the horse, [2];
—wild horses, [2];
—Syrian breeds of asses, [2];
—asses without stripes, [2];
—effects of cross-breeding on the female in dogs, [11];
—striped legs of mules, [13].
MARTINS, defective instincts of silkworms, [8].
MARTIUS, C., fruit-trees of Stockholm, [24].
MASON, W., bud-variation in the ash, [11].
MASTERS, Dr., on bud-variation and reversion, [11];
—potato-grafting, [11];
—on pollen within ovules, [27];
—reversion in the spiral-leaved weeping willow, [11];
—on peloric flowers, [13];
—on Opuntia, [23];
—pelorism in a clover, [26];
—position as a cause of pelorism, [26] (2).
MASTERS, Mr., persistence of varieties of peas, [9];
—reproduction of colour in hyacinths, [12];
—on hollyhocks, [16];
—selection of peas for seed, [20];
—on Hibiscus syriacus, [23];
—reversion by the terminal pea in the pod, [26].
MASTIFF, sculptured on an Assyrian monument, [1], [28];
—Tibetan, [1], [23].
MATTHEWS, PATRICK, on forest trees, [21].
Matthiola annua, [11] (2), [15].
Matthiola incana, [11] (2).
MAUCHAMP merino sheep, [3].
MAUDUYT, crossing of wolves and dogs in the Pyrenees, [1].
MAUND, Mr., crossed varieties of wheat, [17].
MAUPERTUIS, axiom of “least action,” [1].
MAURITIUS, importation of goats into, [3].
MAW, G., effects of change of climate, [24];
—correlation of contracted leaves and flowers in pelargoniums, [25] (2).
MAWZ, fertility of Brassica rapa, [18].
Maxillaria, self-fertilised capsules of, [17].
Maxillaria atro-rubens, fertilisation of, by M. squalens, [17].
MAXIMOWICZ, direct action of pollen, [11].
MAYERS, on gold-fish in China, [8].
MAYES, M., self-impotence in Amaryllis, [17].
MECKEL, on the number of digits, [12];
—correlation of abnormal muscles in the leg and arm, [25].
MEDUSÆ, development of, [27] (2).
MEEHAN, Mr., weeping peach, [12];
—effects of parasites, [23];
—comparison of European and American trees, [23].
Meles taxus, [18].
MELONS, [10] (2);
—mongrel supposed to be produced from a twin-seed, [11];
—crossing of varieties of, [11], [16], [17];
—inferiority of, in Roman times, [20];
—changes in, by culture and climate, [23];
—serpent, correlation of variations in, [25];
—analogous variations in, [26].
MEMBRANES, false, [24] (2).
MÉNÉTRIES, on the stomach of Strix grallaria, [24].
MENINGITIS, tubercular, inherited, [14].
MERRICK, potato-grafting, [11].
METAGENESIS, [27].
METAMORPHOSIS, [27].
METAMORPHOSIS and development, [27] (2).
METZGER, on the supposed species of wheat, [9] (2);
—tendency of wheat to vary, [9];
—variation of maize, [9] (2);
—cultivation of American maize in Europe, [9], [26];
—on cabbages, [9];
—acclimatisation of Spanish wheat in Germany, [12];
—advantage of change of soil to plants, [18];
—on rye, [22];
—cultivation of different kinds of wheat, [22].
MEXICO, dog from, with tan spots on the eyes, [1];
—colours of feral horses in, [2].
MEYEN, on seeding of bananas, [18].
MICE, grey and white, colours of, not blended by crossing, [15];
—rejection of bitter almonds by, [21];
—naked, [23].
MICHAUX, F., roan-coloured feral horses of Mexico, [2];
—origin of domestic turkey, [8];
—on raising peaches from seed, [10].
MICHEL, F., selection of horses in mediæval times, [20];
—horses preferred on account of slight characters, [20].
MICHELY, effects of food on caterpillars, [23];
—on Bombyx hesperus, [25].
MICROPHTHALMIA, associated with defective teeth, [25].
MIDDENS, Danish, remains of dogs in, [1], [28].
MIGNONETTE, [21], [24].
MILLET, [10].
MILLS, J., diminished fertility of mares when first turned out to grass, [18].
MILNE-EDWARDS, on the development of the crustacea, [27].
MILNE-EDWARDS, A., on a crustacean with a monstrous eye-peduncle, [27].
Milvus niger, [18].
Mimulus luteus, [17].
MINOR, W. C., gemmation and fission in annelids, [27].
Mirabilis, fertilisation of, [27];
—hybrids of, [17], [18], [22].
Mirabilis jalapa, [11] (2).
Mirabilis longiflora, [15].
Mirabilis vulgaris, [15].
Misocampus and Cecidomyia, [1].
MITCHELL, Dr., effects of the poison of the rattlesnake, [23].
MITFORD, Mr., notice of the breeding of horses by Erichthonius, [20].
MIVART, Mr., rudimentary organs, [24].
MOCCAS Court, weeping oak at, [12].
MOGFORD, horses poisoned by fool’s parsley, [25].
MÖLLER, L., effects of food on insects, [23].
MOLE, white, [25].
MOLL and Gayot, on cattle, [3], [15], [20].
MOLLUSCA, change in shells of, [23].
MONKE, Lady, culture of the pansy by, [10].
MONKEYS, rarely fertile in captivity, [18].
MONNIER, identity of summer and winter wheat, [9].
MONSTERS, double, [26] (2).
MONSTROSITIES, occurrence of, in domesticated animals and cultivated plants, [10], [22];
—due to persistence of embryonic conditions, [13];
—occurring by reversion, [13];
—a cause of sterility, [18];
—caused by injury to the embryo, [22].
MOOR, J. H., deterioration of the horse in Malasia, [2].
MOORCROFT, Mr., on Hasora wheat, [9];
—selection of white-tailed yaks, [20];
—melon of Kaschmir, [23];
—varieties of the apricot cultivated in Ladakh, [10];
—varieties of the walnut cultivated in Kaschmir, [27].
MOORE, Mr., on breeds of pigeons, [5] (2), [6] (3);
—on ground tumblers, [6].
MOORUK, fertility of, in captivity, [18].
MOQUIN-TANDON, original form of maize, [9];
—variety of the double columbine, [10];
—peloric flowers, [13];
—position as a cause of pelorism in flowers, [26];
—tendency of peloric flowers to become irregular, [14];
—on monstrosities, [22];
—correlation in the axis and appendages of plants, [25];
—fusion of homologous parts in plants, [26];
—on a bean with monstrous stipules and abortive leaflets, [26];
—conversion of parts of flowers, [27].
MORLOT, dogs of the Danish Middens, [1];
—sheep and horse of the Bronze period, [28].
Mormodes ignea, [13].
MOROCCO, estimation of pigeons in, [6].
MORREN, grafts of Abutilon, [11];
—on pelorism, [13];
—in Calceolaria, [26];
—non-coincidence of double flowers and variegated leaves, [18].
MORRIS, Mr., breeding of the kestrel in captivity, [18].
MORSE, Dr., digits of birds, [25].
MORTON, Lord, effect of fecundation by a quagga on an Arab mare, [11].
MORTON, Dr., origin of the dog, [1].
Morus alba, [10].
MOSCOW, rabbits of, [4] (2);
—effects of cold on pear-trees at, [24].
MOSSES, sterility in, [18];
—retrogressive metamorphosis in, [27].
MOSS-ROSE, probable origin of, from Rosa centifolia, [11];
—Provence roses produced from seeds of, [11].
MOSTO, Cada, on the introduction of rabbits into Porto Santo, [4].
MOT-MOT, mutilation of feathers inherited, [12].
MOTTLING of fruits and flowers, [11].
MOUNTAIN-ASH, [21].
MOUSE, Barbary, [18].
“MÖVEN-TAUBE,” [5].
MOWBRAY, Mr., on the eggs of game fowls, [7];
—early pugnacity of game cocks, [7];
—diminished fecundity of the pheasant in captivity, [18].
MOWBRAY, Mr., reciprocal fecundation of Passiflora alata and racemosa, [17].
MULATTOS, character of, [13].
MULBERRY, [10], [22].
MULE and hinny, differences in the, [14].
MULES, striped colouring of, [13];
—obstinacy of, [13];
—production of, among the Romans, [16];
—noticed in the Bible, [20].
MÜLLER, FRITZ, reproduction of orchids, [17];
—development of crustacea, [27];
—direct action of pollen, [11];
—self-sterile bignonia, [17].
MÜLLER, H., on the face and teeth in dogs, [1], [3], [26].
MÜLLER, J., tendency to variation, [22];
—atrophy of the optic nerve consequent on destruction of the eye, [24];
—on gemmation and fission, [27];
—identity of ovules and buds, [27];
—special affinities of the tissues, [27].
MÜLLER, MAX, antiquity of agriculture, [21].
MULTIPLICITY of origin of pigeons, hypotheses of, discussed, [6].
MUNIZ, F., on Niata cattle, [3].
MUNRO, R., on the fertilisation of orchids, [17];
—reproduction of Passiflora alata, [17];
—self-sterile Passiflora, [17].
“MURASSA” pigeon, [5].
MURIE, Dr., size of hybrids, [17].
MURPHY, J. J., the structure of the eye not producible by selection, [20].
Mus alexandrinus, [15] (2).
Musa sapientium, chinensis and cavendishii, [11].
Muscari comosum, [19], [24].
MUSCLES, effects of use on, [24].
MUSK duck, feral hybrid of, with the common duck, [6].
MUTILATIONS, inheritance or non-inheritance of, [12], [27] (2).
MYATT, on a five-leaved variety of the strawberry, [10].
MYOPIA, hereditary, [12].
MYRIAPODA, regeneration of lost parts in, [24], [27].

NAILS, growing on stumps of fingers, [27].
NAIS, scission of, [27].
NAMAQUAS, cattle of the, [3], [20].
NARCISSUS, double, becoming single in poor soil, [18].
NARVAEZ, on the cultivation of native plants in Florida, [9].
Nasua, sterility of, in captivity, [18].
“NATAS” or Niatas, a South American breed of cattle, [3].
NATHUSIUS, H. VON, on striped horses, [2];
—on the pigs of the Swiss lake-dwellings, [3];
—on the races of pigs, [3];
—convergence of character in highly-bred pigs, [3], [21];
—causes of changes in the form of the pig’s skull, [3] (2);
—changes in breeds of pigs by crossing, [3];
—change of form in the pig, [23];
—effects of disuse of parts in the pig, [24];
—period of gestation in the pig, [3];
—appendages to the jaw in pigs, [3];
—on Sus pliciceps, [3];
—period of gestation in sheep, [3];
—on Niata cattle, [3];
—on shorthorn cattle, [17];
—on interbreeding, [17];
—in the sheep, [17];
—in pigs, [17];
—unconscious selection in cattle and pigs, [20];
—variability of highly-selected races, [21].
NATO, P., on the Bizzarria orange, [11].
NATURAL selection, its general principles, [Introduction].
NATURE, sense in which the term is employed, [Introduction].
NAUDIN, supposed rules of transmission in crossing plants, [14];
—on the nature of hybrids, [13] (2);
—essences of the species in hybrids, [27] (2);
—reversion of hybrids, [13] (3);
—reversion in flowers by stripes and blotches, [13];
—hybrids of Linaria vulgaris and purpurea, [15];
—pelorism in Linaria, [13], [14];
—crossing of peloric Linaria with the normal form, [14];
—variability in Datura, [22];
—hybrids of Datura laevis and stramonium, [11];
—prepotency of transmission of Datura stramonium when crossed, [14];
—on the pollen of Mirabilis and of hybrids, [11];
—fertilisation of Mirabilis, [27];
—cultivated Cucurbitaceæ, [10] (2), [16];
—rudimentary tendrils in gourds, [24];
—dwarf Cucurbitæ, [25];
—relation between the size and number of the fruit in Cucurbita pepo, [26];
—analogous variation in Cucurbitæ, [22];
—acclimatisation of Cucurbitaceæ, [24];
—production of fruit by sterile hybrid Cucurbitaceæ, [18];
—on the melon, [10], [16], [23];
—incapacity of the cucumber to cross with other species, [10].
NECTARINE, [10];
—derived from the peach, [10] (2);
—hybrids of, [10];
—persistency of characters in seedling, [10];
—origin of, [10];
—produced on peach-trees, [10] (2);
—producing peaches, [10];
—variation in, [10] (2);
—bud-variation in, [11];
—glands in the leaves of the, [21];
—analogous variation in, [26].
NECTARY, variations of, in pansies, [10].
NEES, on changes in the odour of plants, [23].
“NEGRO” cat, [1].
NEGROES, polydactylism in, [12];
—selection of cattle practised by, [20].
NEOLITHIC period, domestication of Bos longifrons and primigenius in the, [3];
—cattle of the, distinct from the original species, [3];
—domestic goat in the, [3];
—cereals of the, [9].
NERVE, optic, atrophy of the, [24].
NEUBERT, potato-grafting, [11].
NEUMEISTER, on the Dutch and German pouter pigeons, [5];
—on the Jacobin pigeon, [5];
—duplication of the middle flight feather in pigeons, [5];
—on a peculiarly coloured breed of pigeons, “Staarhalsige Taube,” [5];
—fertility of hybrid pigeons, [6];
—mongrels of the trumpeter pigeon, [14];
—period of perfect plumage in pigeons, [14];
—advantage of crossing pigeons, [17].
NEURALGIA, hereditary, [14].
NEW ZEALAND, feral cats of, [1];
—cultivated plants of, [9].
NEWFOUNDLAND dog, modification of, in England, [1].
NEWMAN, E., sterility of Sphingidæ under certain conditions, [18].
NEWPORT, G., non-copulation of Vanessæ in confinement, [18];
—fertilisation of the ovule in batrachia, [27].
NEWT, polydactylism in the, [12].
NEWTON, A., absence of sexual distinctions in the Columbidæ, [5];
—production of a “black-shouldered” peahen among the ordinary kind, [8];
—on hybrid ducks, [18].
NGAMI, Lake, cattle of, [3].
“NIATA” cattle, [3];
—resemblance of, to Sivatherium, [3];
—prepotency of transmission of character by, [14].
“NICARD” rabbit, [4].
NICHOLSON, Dr., on the cats of Antigua, [1];
—on the sheep of Antigua, [3].
Nicotiana, crossing of varieties and species of, [3];
—prepotency of transmission of characters in species of, [14];
—contabescence of female organs in, [18].
Nicotiana glutinosa, [16].
NIEBUHR, on the heredity of mental characteristics in some Roman families, [14].
NIGHT-BLINDNESS, non-reversion to, [13].
NILSSON, Prof., on the barking of a young wolf, [1];
—parentage of European breeds of cattle, [3] (2);
—on Bos frontosus in Scania, [3].
NIND, Mr., on the dingo, [1].
“NISUS formativus,” [24] (2), [26].
NITZSCH, on the absence of the oil-gland in certain Columbæ, [5].
NON-INHERITANCE, causes of, [12].
“NONNAIN” pigeon, [5].
NORDMANN, dogs of Awhasie, [1].
NORMANDY, pigs of, with appendages under the jaw, [3].
NORWAY, striped ponies of, [2].
NOTT and Gliddon, on the origin of the dog, [1];
—mastiff represented on an Assyrian tomb, [1];
—on Egyptian dogs, [1];
—on the Hare Indian dog, [1].
Notylia, [17].
NOURISHMENT, excess of, a cause of variability, [22].
NUMBER, importance of, in selection, [21].
Numida ptilorhyncha, the original of the Guinea-fowl, [8].
NUN pigeon, [5];
—known to Aldrovandi, [6].
NUTMEG-TREE, [21].

OAK, weeping, [10], [12], [21];
—pyramidal, [10];
—Hessian, [10];
—late-leaved, [10];
—valueless as timber at the Cape of Good Hope, [23];
—changes in, dependent on age, [11];
—galls of the, [23].
OATS, wild, [9];
—in the Swiss lake-dwellings, [9].
OBERLIN, change of soil beneficial to the potato, [18].
ODART, Count, varieties of the vine, [10], [23];
—bud-variation in the vine, [11].
Œcidium, [23].
Œnothera biennis, bud-variation in, [11].
OGLE, Dr. J. W., inherited deficient phalanges, [12];
—resemblance of twins, [22] (2).
OIL-GLAND, absence of, in fantail pigeons, [5] (2).
OLDFIELD, Mr., estimation of European dogs among the natives of Australia, [20].
OLEANDER, stock affected by grafting in the, [11].
OLLIER, Dr., insertion of the periosteum of a dog beneath the skin of a rabbit, [27].
Oncidium, reproduction of, [17], [18].
ONIONS, crossing of, [15];
—white, liable to the attacks of fungi and disease, [21], [25].
Ophrys apifera, self-fertilisation of, [15];
—formation of pollen by a petal in, [27].
Opuntia leucotricha, [23].
ORANGE, [10];
—crossing of, [15];
—with the lemon, [11], [27];
—naturalisation of, in Italy, [24];
—variation of, in North Italy, [22];
—peculiar variety of, [25];
—bizzarria, [11];
—trifacial, [11].
ORCHIDS, reproduction of, [11] (2), [17].
ORFORD, Lord, crossing greyhounds with the bulldog, [1].
ORGANISMS, origin of, [Introduction].
ORGANISATION, advancement in, [Introduction].
ORGANS, rudimentary and aborted, [24];
—multiplication of abnormal, [27].
ORIOLE, assumptions of hen-plumage by a male in confinement, [18].
ORKNEY Islands, pigs of, [3];
—pigeons of, [6].
ORTHOPTERA, regeneration of hind legs in the, [24].
Orthosia munda, [18].
ORTON, R., on the effects of cross-breeding on the female, [11];
—on the Manx cat, [14];
—on mongrels from the silk fowl, [14];
—infertility of geese in Quito, [18].
OSBORNE, Dr., inherited mottling of the iris, [12].
OSPREY, preying on black fowls, [21].
OSTEN-SACKEN, Baron, on American oak-galls, [23].
OSTEOLOGICAL characters of pigs, [3] (4);
—of rabbits, [4];
—of pigeons, [5];
—of ducks, [8].
OSTRICH, diminished fertility of the, in captivity, [18].
OSTYAKS, selection of dogs by the, [20].
OTTER, [18].
“OTTER” sheep of Massachusetts, [3].
OUDE, feral humped cattle in, [3].
OUISTITI, breed in Europe, [18].
OVARY, variation of, in Cucurbita moschata, [10];
—development of, independently of pollen, [11].
Ovis montana, [3].
OVULES and buds, identity of nature of, [27].
OWEN, Capt., on stiff-haired cats at Mombas, [1].
OWEN, Prof. R., palæontological evidence as to the origin of dogs, [1];
—on the skull of the “Niata” cattle, [3];
—on fossil remains of rabbits, [3];
—on the significance of the brain, [4];
—on metagenesis, [27];
—theory of reproduction and parthenogenesis, [27].
OWL, eagle, breeding in captivity, [18].
OWL pigeon, [5];
—African, figured, [5];
—known in 1735, [6].
Oxalis, trimorphic species of, [27].
Oxalis rosea, [17].
OXLEY, Mr., on the nutmeg-tree, [21].
OYSTERS, differences in the shells of, [23].

PACA, sterility of the, in confinement, [4].
PACIFIC Islands, pigs of the, [3].
PADUA, earliest known flower-garden at, [20].
PADUAN fowl of Aldrovandi, [7].
Pæonia moutan, [20].
PÆONY-TREE, ancient cultivation of, in China, [20].
PAGET, on the Hungarian sheep-dog, [1].
PAGET, Sir J., inheritance of cancer, [12];
—hereditary elongation of hairs in the eyebrow, [12];
—regrowth of extra digits, [12];
—circumcision, [12];
—period of inheritance of cancer, [14];
—on Hydra, [24];
—on the healing of wounds, [24];
—on the reparation of bones, [24];
—growth of hair near inflamed surfaces or fractures, [24];
—on false membranes, [24];
—compensatory development of the kidney, [24];
—bronzed skin in disease of supra-renal capsules, [25];
—unity of growth and gemmation, [27];
—independence of the elements of the body, [27];
—affinity of the tissues for special organic substances, [27].
PALLAS, on the influence of domestication upon the sterility of intercrossed species, [1], [4], [6], [16];
—hypothesis that variability is wholly due to crossing, [4], [8], [22] (2);
—on the origin of the dog, [1];
—variation in dogs, [1];
—crossing of dog and jackal, [1];
—origin of domestic cats, [2];
—origin of Angora cat, [1];
—on wild horses, [2] (2);
—on Persian sheep, [3];
—on Siberian fat-tailed sheep, [23];
—on Chinese sheep, [24];
—on Crimean varieties of the vine, [10];
—on a grape with rudimentary seeds, [24];
—on feral musk-ducks, [13];
—sterility of Alpine plants in gardens, [18];
—selection of white-tailed yaks, [20].
PAMPAS, feral cattle on the, [3].
Pandanus, [22].
PANGENESIS, hypothesis of, [27].
Panicum, seeds of, used as food, [9];
—found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, [9].
PANSY, [10].
PAPPUS, abortion of the, in Carthamus, [24].
Paradoxurus, sterility of species of, in captivity, [18].
PARAGUAY, cats of, [1];
—cattle of, [3];
—horses of, [3];
—dogs of, [3];
—black-skinned domestic fowl of, [7].
PARALLEL variation, [26].
PARAMOS, woolly pigs of, [3].
PARASITES, liability to attacks of, dependent on colour, [21].
PARIAH dog, with crooked legs, [1];
—resembling the Indian wolf, [1].
PARISET, inheritance of handwriting, [13].
Paritium tricuspis, bud-variation, [11].
PARKER, W. K., number of vertebræ in fowls, [7].
PARKINSON, Mr., varieties of the hyacinth, [10].
PARKYNS, MANSFIELD, on Columba guinea, [6].
PARMENTIER, differences in the nidification of pigeons, [5];
—on white pigeons, [21].
PARROTS, general sterility of, in confinement, [18];
—alteration of plumage of, [23].
PARSNIP, reversion in, [13];
—influence of selection on, [20];
—experiments on, [23];
—wild, enlargement of roots of, by cultivation, [9].
PARTHENOGENESIS, [27] (2).
PARTRIDGE, sterility of, in captivity, [18].
PARTURITION, difficult, hereditary, [12].
Parus major, [21].
Passiflora, self-impotence in species of, [17] (2);
—contabescence of female organs in, [18].
Passiflora alata, fertility of, when grafted, [19].
PASTRANA, Julia, peculiarities in the hair and teeth of, [25].
PASTURE and climate, adaptation of breeds of sheep to, [3] (2).
PATAGONIA, crania of pigs from, [3].
PATAGONIAN rabbit, [4].
PATERSON, R., on the Arrindy silk-moth, [24].
PAUL, W., on the hyacinth, [10] (2);
—varieties of pelargoniums, [11];
—weakness of transmission in hollyhocks, [14];
—improvement of pelargoniums, [20].
Pavo cristatus and muticus, hybrids of, [8].
Pavo nigripennis, [8].
“PAVODOTTEN-TAUBE,” [5].
PEACH, [10];
—derived from the almond, [10];
—stones of, figured, [10];
—contrasted with almonds, [10];
—double-flowering, [10] (3);
—hybrids of, [10];
—persistency of races of, [10];
—trees producing nectarines, [10];
—variation in, [10] (2);
—bud-variation in, [11];
—pendulous, [12];
—variation by selection in, [20];
—peculiar disease of the, [21];
—glands on the leaves of the, [21];
—antiquity of the, [24];
—increased hardiness of the, [24];
—varieties of, adapted for forcing, [24];
—yellow-fleshed, liable to certain diseases, [25].
PEACH-ALMOND, [27].
PEAFOWL, origin of, [8];
—japanned or black-shouldered, [8];
—feral, in Jamaica, [6];
—comparative fertility of, in wild and tame states, [16], [22];
—white, [25].
PEARS, [10];
—bud-variation in, [11];
—reversion in seedling, [13];
—inferiority of, in Pliny’s time, [20];
—winter nelis, attacked by aphides, [21];
—soft-barked varieties of, attacked by wood-boring beetles, [21];
—origination of good varieties of, in woods, [22];
—Forelle, resistance of, to frost, [24].
PEAS, [9];
—origin of, [9];
—varieties of, [9];
—found in Swiss lake-dwellings, [9] (3);
—fruit and seeds figured, [9];
—persistency of varieties, [9];
—intercrossing of varieties, [9], [11];
—effect of crossing on the female organs in, [11];
—double-flowered, [18];
—maturity of, accelerated by selection, [20];
—varieties of, produced by selection, [20];
—thin-shelled, liable to the attacks of birds, [21];
—reversion of, by the terminal seed in the pod, [26].
PECCARY, breeding of the, in captivity, [18].
PEDIGREES of horses, cattle, greyhounds, game-cocks, and pigs, [12].
PEGU, cats of, [1];
—horses of, [2].
PELARGONIUMS, multiple origin of, [10];
—zones of, [10];
—bud-variation in, [11];
—variegation in, accompanied by dwarfing, [11];
—pelorism in, [18], [26];
—by reversion, [13];
—advantage of change of soil to, [18];
—improvement of, by selection, [20];
—scorching of, [21];
—numbers of, raised from seed, [21];
—effects of conditions of life on, [23];
—stove-variety of, [24];
—correlation of contracted leaves and flowers in, [25] (2).
Pelargonium fulgidum, conditions of fertility in, [18].
“PELONES,” a Columbian breed of cattle, [3], [6].
PELORIC flowers, tendency of, to acquire the normal form, [14];
—fertility or sterility of, [18] (2).
PELORIC races of Gloxinia speciosa and Antirrhinum majus, [10].
PELORISM, [13], [26] (2).
PELVIS, characters of, in rabbits, [4];
—in pigeons, [5];
—in fowls, [7];
—in ducks, [8].
PEMBROKE cattle, [3].
PENDULOUS trees, [10], [26];
—uncertainty of transmission of, [12] (2).
PENGUIN ducks, [8] (2);
—hybrid of the, with the Egyptian goose, [8].
PENNANT, production of wolf-like curs at Fochabers, [1];
—on the Duke of Queensberry’s wild cattle, [3].
Pennisetum, seeds of, used as food in the Punjab, [9].
Pennisetum distichum, seeds of, used as food in Central Africa, [9].
PERCIVAL, Mr., on inheritance in horses, [12];
—on horn-like processes in horses, [2].
Perdix rubra, occasional fertility of, in captivity, [18].
PERIOD of action of causes of variability, [22].
PERIOSTEUM of a dog, producing bone in a rabbit, [27].
PERIWINKLE, sterility of, in England, [19].
PERSIA, estimation of pigeons in, [6];
—carrier pigeon of, [5];
—tumbler pigeon of, [5];
—cats of, [1];
—sheep of, [3].
PERSISTENCE of colour in horses, [2];
—of generic peculiarities, [4].
PERU, antiquity of maize in, [9];
—peculiar potato from, [9];
—selection of wild animals practised by the Incas of, [20] (2).
“PERUCKEN-TAUBE,” [5].
PETALS, rudimentary, in cultivated plants, [24];
—producing pollen, [27].
PETUNIAS, multiple origin of, [10].
PEYRITSCH, Dr., vegetable teratology, [13].
“PFAUEN-TAUBE,” [5].
Phalænopsis, pelorism in, [26].
PHALANGES, deficiency of, [14].
Phaps chalcoptera, [26].
Phaseolus multiflorus, [24], [25].
Phaseolus vulgaris, [9], [24].
Phasianus pictus, [7].
Phasianus amherstiæ, [7].
PHEASANT, assumption of male plumage by the hen, [13];
—wildness of hybrids of, with the common fowl, [13];
—prepotency of the, over the fowl, [14];
—diminished fecundity of the, in captivity, [18].
PHEASANTS, golden and Lady Amherst’s, [7].
PHEASANT-FOWLS, [7].
PHILIPEAUX, regeneration of limbs in the salamander, [27].
PHILIPPAR, on the varieties of wheat, [9].
PHILIPPINE Islands, named breeds of game fowl in the, [7].
PHILLIPS, Mr., on bud-variation in the potato, [11].
Phlox, bud-variation by suckers in, [11].
PHTHISIS, affection of the fingers in, [25].
PHYLLOXERA, [10].
PICKERING, Dr., on the grunting voice of humped cattle, [3];
—occurrence of the head of a fowl in an ancient Egyptian procession, [7];
—seeding of ordinarily seedless fruits, [18];
—extinction of ancient Egyptian breeds of sheep and oxen, [28];
—on an ancient Peruvian gourd, [28].
PICOTEES, effect of conditions of life on, [23].
PICTET, A., oriental names of the pigeon, [6].
PICTET, Prof., origin of the dog, [1];
—on fossil oxen, [3].
PIEBALDS, probably due to reversion, [13].
PIÉTREMENT, M., on the ribs of horses, [2].
PIGEAUX, hybrids of the hare and rabbit, [18].
PIGEON à cravate, [5].
PIGEON bagadais, [5] (2).
PIGEON coquille, [5].
PIGEON cygne, [5].
PIGEON heurté, [5].
PIGEON pattu plongeur, [5].
PIGEON polonais, [5].
PIGEON romain, [5] (2).
PIGEON tambour, [5].
PIGEON turc, [5].
PIGEONS, origin of, [5] (2), [6];
—classified table of breeds of, [5];
—pouter, [5];
—carrier, [5];
—runt, [5];
—barbs, [5];
—fantail, [5];
—turbit and owl, [5];
—tumbler, [5];
—Indian frill-back, [5];
—Jacobin, [5];
—trumpeter, [5];
—other breeds of, [5];
—differences of, equal to generic, [5];
—individual variations of, [5];
—variability of peculiarities characteristic of breeds in, [5];
—sexual variability in, [5] (2);
—osteology of, [5];
—correlation of growth in, [5], [25];
—young of some varieties naked when hatched, [5], [25];
—effects of disuse in, [5];
—settling and roosting in trees, [6];
—floating in the Nile to drink, [6];
—dovecot, [6] (2);
—arguments for unity of origin of, [6];
—feral, in various places, [6], [13];
—unity of coloration in, [6];
—reversion of mongrel, to coloration of C. livia, [6];
—history of the cultivation of, [6];
—history of the principal races of, [6];
—mode of production of races of, [6];
—reversion in, [13];
—by age, [13];
—produced by crossing in, [13] (2);
—prepotency of transmission of characters in breeds of, [14] (2);
—sexual differences in some varieties of, [14];
—period of perfect plumage in, [14];
—effect of segregation on, [15];
—preferent pairing of, within the same breed, [16];
—fertility of, increased by domestication, [16], [18];
—effects of interbreeding and necessity of crossing, [17];
—indifference of, to change of climate, [18];
—selection of, [16], [20] (2);
—among the Romans, [20];
—unconscious selection of, [20] (2);
—facility of selection of, [21];
—white, liable to the attacks of hawks, [21];
—effects of disuse of parts in, [24];
—fed upon meat, [24];
—effect of first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female, [11];
—homology of the leg and wing feathers in, [25];
—union of two outer toes in feather-legged, [25];
—correlation of beak, limbs, tongue, and nostrils, [25];
—analogous variation in, [26] (2);
—permanence of breeds of, [28].
PIGS, of Swiss lake-dwellings, [3];
—types of, derived from Sus scrofa and Sus indicus, [3];
—Japanese (Sus pliciceps, Gray), figured, [3];
—of Pacific Islands, [3], [15];
—modifications of skull in, [3];
—length of intestines in, [3], [24];
—period of gestation of, [3];
—number of vertebræ and ribs in, [3];
—anomalous forms, [3] (2);
—development of tusks and bristles in, [3];
—striped young of, [3];
—reversion of feral, to wild type, [3] (2), [13] (2);
—production and changes of breeds of, by intercrossing, [3];
—effects produced by the first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female, [11];
—pedigrees of, [12];
—polydactylism in, [12];
—cross-reversion in, [13];
—hybrid, wildness of, [13];
—disappearance of tusks in male under domestication, [14];
—solid-hoofed, [28];
—crosses of, [15] (2);
—mutual fertility of all varieties of, [16];
—increased fertility by domestication, [16];
—ill effects of close interbreeding in, [17] (2);
—influence of selection on, [20];
—prejudice against certain colours in, [20], [21], [25];
—unconscious selection of, [20];
—black Virginian, [21], [25];
—similarity of the best breeds of, [21];
—change of form in, [23];
—effects of disuse of parts in, [24];
—ears of, [24];
—correlations in, [25];
—white buck-wheat injurious to, [25];
—tail of, grafted upon the back, [27];
—extinction of the older races of, [28].
PIMENTA, [15].
PIMPERNEL, [19].
PINE-APPLE, sterility and variability of the, [22].
PINK, Chinese, [25].
PINKS, bud-variation in, [11];
—improvement of, [20].
Pinus pumilio, mughus, and nana, varieties of P. sylvestris, [10].
Pinus sylvestris, [10], [24];
—hybrids of, with P. nigricans, [17].
PIORRY, on hereditary disease, [12], [14].
Pistacia lentiscus, [23].
Pistacia vera, [11].
PISTILS, rudimentary, in cultivated plants, [24].
PISTOR, sterility of some mongrel pigeons, [6];
—fertility of pigeons, [16].
Pisum arvense and sativum, [9].
PITYRIASIS versicolor, inheritance of, [14].
PLANCHON, G., on a fossil vine, [10];
—sterility of Jussiæa grandiflora in France, [18].
PLANE-TREE, variety of the, [10].
PLANTIGRADE carnivora, general sterility of the, in captivity, [18].
PLANTS, progress of cultivation of, [9] (2);
—cultivated, their geographical derivation, [9];
—crossing of, [15], [17];
—comparative fertility of wild and cultivated, [16];
—self-impotent, [17];
—dimorphic and trimorphic, [17];
—sterility of, from changed conditions, [18];
—from contabescence of anthers, [18] (2);
—from monstrosities, [9] (2);
—from doubling of the flowers, [18] (2);
—from seedless fruit, [18];
—from excessive development of vegetative organs, [18];
—influence of selection on, [20];
—variation by selection, in useful parts of, [20];
—variability of, [21];
—variability of, induced by crossing, [22];
—direct action of change of climate on, [23];
—change of period of vegetation in, [24];
—varieties of, suitable to different climates, [24];
—correlated variability of, [25];
—antiquity of races of, [28].
PLASTICITY, inheritance of, [21].
PLATEAU, F., on the vision of amphibious animals, [20].
Platessa flesus, , [13].
PLATO, notice of selection in breeding dogs by, [20].
PLICA polonica, [23].
PLINY, on the crossing of shepherd dogs with the wolf, [1];
—on Pyrrhus’ breed of cattle, [20];
—on the estimation of pigeons among the Romans, [6];
—pears described by, [20].
PLUM, [10];
—stones figured, [10];
—varieties of the, [10] (2), [20];
—bud-variation in the, [11];
—peculiar disease of the, [21];
—flower-buds of, destroyed by bullfinches, [21];
—purple-fruited, liable to certain diseases, [25].
PLUMAGE, inherited peculiarities of, in pigeons, [5] (2);
—sexual peculiarities of, in fowls, [7].
PLURALITY of races, Pouchet’s views on, [1].
Poa, seeds of, used as food, [9];
—species of, propagated by bulblets, [18].
PODOLIAN cattle, [3].
POINTERS, modification of, [1];
—crossed with the foxhound, [3].
POIS sans parchemin, [21].
POITEAU, origin of Cytisus adami, [11];
—origin of cultivated varieties of fruit-trees, [22].
POLISH fowl, [7] (6);
—skull figured, [7];
—section of skull figured, [7];
—development of protuberance of skull, [7];
—furculum figured, [7].
POLISH, or Himalayan rabbit, [4].
POLLEN, [27] (2);
—action of, [16];
—injurious action of, in some orchids, [17] (2);
—resistance of, to injurious treatment, [18];
—prepotency of, [19].
POLLOCK, Sir F., transmission of variegated leaves in Ballota nigra, [11];
—on local tendency to variegation, [23].
POLYANTHUS, [12].
POLYDACTYLISM, inheritance of, [12];
—significance of, [12].
PONIES, most frequent on islands and mountains, [2];
—Javanese, [2].
POOLE, Col., on striped Indian horses, [2] (2);
—on the young of Asinus indicus, [13].
POPLAR, Lombardy, [10].
PÖPPIG, on Cuban wild dogs, [1].
POPPY, found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, [9] (2);
—with the stamens converted into pistils, [10];
—differences of the, in different parts of India, [18];
—monstrous, fertility of, [18];
—black-seeded, antiquity of, [28].
PORCUPINE, breeding of, in captivity, [18].
PORCUPINE family, [12], [14].
Porphyrio, breeding of a species of, in captivity, [18].
PORTAL, on a peculiar hereditary affection of the eye, [12].
PORTO Santo, feral rabbits of, [4].
Portulaca oleracea, [23].
Potamochoerus penicillatus, [18].
POTATO, [9] (2);
—bud-variation by tubers in the, [11] (2);
—graft-hybrid of, by union of half-tubers, [11];
—individual self-impotence in the, [17];
—sterility of, [18];
—advantage of change of soil to the, [18].
POTATO, sweet, sterility of the, in China, [18];
—varieties of the, suited to different climates, [24].
POUCHET, M., his views on plurality of races, [1].
POUTER pigeons, [5];
—furculum figured, [5];
—history of, [6].
POWIS, Lord, experiments in crossing humped and English cattle, [3], [13].
POYNTER, Mr., on a graft-hybrid rose, [11].
PRAIRIE wolf, [1].
PRECOCITY of highly-improved breeds, [25].
PREPOTENCY of pollen, [19].
PREPOTENCY of transmission of character, [14], [19];
—in the Austrian emperors and some Roman families, [14];
—in cattle, [14] (2);
—in sheep, [14];
—in cats, [14];
—in pigeons, [14];
—in fowls, [14];
—in plants, [14];
—in a variety of the pumpkin, [10];
—in the jackal over the dog, [14];
—in the ass over the horse, [14];
—in the pheasant over the fowl, [14];
—in the penguin duck over the Egyptian goose, [14];
—discussion of the phenomena of, [14].
PRESCOTT, Mr., on the earliest known European flower-garden, [20].
PRESSURE, mechanical, a cause of modification, [26] (2).
PREVOST and Dumas, on the employment of several spermatozoids to fertilise one ovule, [27].
PREYER, Prof., on the effect of circumcision, [12].
PRICE, Mr., variations in the structure of the feet in horses, [2].
PRICHARD, Dr., on polydactylism in the negro, [12];
—on the Lambert family, [14];
—on an albino negro, [21];
—on Plica polonica, [23].
PRIMROSE, [28];
—double, rendered single by transplantation, [18].
Primula, intercrossing of species of, [10];
—contabescence in, [18];
—‘hose in hose,’ [10];
—with coloured calyces, sterility of, [18].
Primula sinensis, variations, [10];
—reciprocally dimorphic, [17].
Primula veris, [12], [16].
Primula vulgaris, [12], [16].
PRINCE, Mr., on the intercrossing of strawberries, [27].
PRINGSHEIM, on conjugation, [27].
Procyon, sterility of, in captivity, [18].
PROLIFICNESS, increased by domestication, [19].
PROTOZOA, reproduction of the, [27].
Prunus armeniaca, [10] (2).
Prunus avium, [10].
Prunus cerasus, [10] (2).
Prunus domestica, [10].
Prunus insititia, [10].
Prunus spinosa, [10].
PRUSSIA, wild horses in, [2].
Psittacus erithacus, [18].
Psittacus macoa, [18].
Psophia, general sterility of, in captivity, [18].
PTARMIGAN fowls, [7].
Pulex penetrans, [23].
PUMPKINS, [10].
PUNO ponies of the Cordillera, [2].
PUSEY, Mr., value of crossbred sheep, [17];
—preference of hares and rabbits for common rye, [21].
PUTSCHE and Vertuch, varieties of the potato, [9].
PUVIS, effects of foreign pollen on apples, [11];
—supposed non-variability of monotypic genera, [22].
Pyrrhula vulgaris, [21];
—assumption of the hen-plumage by the male, in confinement, [18].
PYRRHUS, his breed of cattle, [20].
Pyrus, fastigiate Chinese species of, [23].
Pyrus acerba, [10].
Pyrus aucuparia, [21].
Pyrus communis, [10], [11].
Pyrus malus, [10], [11].
Pyrus paradisiaca, [10].
Pyrus præcox, [10].

QUAGGA, previous impregnation by, [11].
QUATREFAGES, A. DE, on the burrowing of a bitch to litter, [1];
—selection in the silkworm, [8];
—development of the wings in the silk-moth, [8], [24];
—on varieties of the mulberry, [10];
—special raising of eggs of the silk-moth, [20];
—on disease of the silkworm, [21];
—on monstrosities in insects, [22], [27];
—on a change in the breeding season of the Egyptian goose, [24];
—fertilisation of the Teredo, [27];
—tendency to similarity in the best races, [21];
—on his “tourbillon vital,” [13];
—on the independent existence of the sexual elements, [27].
Quercus cerris, [10].
Quercus robur and pedunculata, hybrids of, [17].
QUINCE, pears grafted on the, [22].