IV. Stems in , , and Diphthongs.

[41].

Vis, f., force;
stem, vī-.
Sūs, c., swine;
stem, sū-.
Bōs, c., ox, cow;
stem, bou-.
Juppiter, m., Jupiter;
stem, Jou-.

SINGULAR.
Nom.sss Juppiter
Gen. —— suis bovis Jovis
Dat. —— suī bovī Jovī
Acc. vim suem bovem Jovem
Voc.sss Juppiter
Abl. vī sue bove Jove

PLURAL.
Nom. vīrēs suēs bovēs
Gen. vīrium suum bovum, boum
Dat. vīribus suibus, subusbus, būbus
Acc. vīrēs suēs bovēs
Voc. vīrēs suēs bovēs
Abl. vīribus suibus, subusbus, būbus

1. Notice that the oblique cases of sūs have ŭ in the root syllable.

2. Grūs is declined like sūs, except that the Dative and Ablative Plural are always gruibus.

3. Juppiter is for Jou-pater, and therefore contains the same stem as in Jov-is, Jov-ī, etc.

Nāvis was originally a diphthong stem ending in au-, but it has passed over to the ĭ-stems ([§ 37]). Its ablative often ends in .

V. Irregular Nouns.

[42].

Senex, m.,
old man.
Carō, f., flesh. Os, n., bone.

SINGULAR.
Nom. senex carō os
Gen. senis carnis ossis
Dat. senī carnī ossī
Acc. senem carnem os
Voc. senex carō os
Abl. sene carne osse

PLURAL.
Nom. senēs carnēs ossa
Gen. senum carnium ossium
Dat. senibus carnibus ossibus
Acc. senēs carnēs ossa
Voc. senēs carnēs ossa
Abl. senibus carnibus ossibus