IV. Stems in -ī, -ū, and Diphthongs.
[41].
| Vis, f., force; stem, vī-. | Sūs, c., swine; stem, sū-. | Bōs, c., ox, cow; stem, bou-. | Juppiter, m., Jupiter; stem, Jou-. | |
SINGULAR. | ||||
| Nom. | vīs | sūs | bōs | Juppiter |
| Gen. | —— | suis | bovis | Jovis |
| Dat. | —— | suī | bovī | Jovī |
| Acc. | vim | suem | bovem | Jovem |
| Voc. | vīs | sūs | bōs | Juppiter |
| Abl. | vī | sue | bove | Jove |
PLURAL. | ||||
| Nom. | vīrēs | suēs | bovēs | |
| Gen. | vīrium | suum | bovum, boum | |
| Dat. | vīribus | suibus, subus | bōbus, būbus | |
| Acc. | vīrēs | suēs | bovēs | |
| Voc. | vīrēs | suēs | bovēs | |
| Abl. | vīribus | suibus, subus | bōbus, būbus | |
1. Notice that the oblique cases of sūs have ŭ in the root syllable.
2. Grūs is declined like sūs, except that the Dative and Ablative Plural are always gruibus.
3. Juppiter is for Jou-pater, and therefore contains the same stem as in Jov-is, Jov-ī, etc.
Nāvis was originally a diphthong stem ending in au-, but it has passed over to the ĭ-stems ([§ 37]). Its ablative often ends in -ī.
V. Irregular Nouns.
[42].
| Senex, m., old man. | Carō, f., flesh. | Os, n., bone. | |
SINGULAR. | |||
| Nom. | senex | carō | os |
| Gen. | senis | carnis | ossis |
| Dat. | senī | carnī | ossī |
| Acc. | senem | carnem | os |
| Voc. | senex | carō | os |
| Abl. | sene | carne | osse |
PLURAL. | |||
| Nom. | senēs | carnēs | ossa |
| Gen. | senum | carnium | ossium |
| Dat. | senibus | carnibus | ossibus |
| Acc. | senēs | carnēs | ossa |
| Voc. | senēs | carnēs | ossa |
| Abl. | senibus | carnibus | ossibus |