are used either as prepositions with the partitive, or as postpositions with the genitive. Minä asun kaupungin likellä, or better, likellä kaupunkia, I live near the town. And similarly the other two cases are used to express motion towards or from the neighbourhood of an object.
(9) Lähi, neighbourhood, is used in the adessive, allative, and ablative in exactly the same sense as liki, either as a preposition with the partitive, or as a postposition with the genitive. Kirkon lähellä or lähellä kirkkoa, near the church, etc. Rannan lähellä (or lähellä rantaa) kasvavat kaihlat. Minä ammuin linnun aivan läheltäni, I shot a bird quite near me.
(10) Luo, which is not found as a substantive in the nominative, is used in the essive, partitive, and translative as a postposition with the genitive.
a. The essive, luona, means with or at the house of (French chez). Lapset asuivat setänsä luona, the children lived with their uncle.
b. The translative, luoksi, is used to express motion to the house or presence of a person. Milloin tulette minun luokseni? when are you coming to see me? Keisari käski ruhtinaan tulla hänen luoksensa, the emperor ordered the prince to appear before him.
c. There is a form luo, no doubt shortened from luoksi and really a translative, which is used in the same sense as luoksi. Minä menen tuttujeni luo, I am going to see my acquaintances.
d. The partitive luota denotes motion from the house or presence of a person. Lähettiläs tuli keisarin luota, the ambassador came from the emperor. Milloin läksit hänen luotansa? when did you leave him?
(11) Läpi, lävitse (läpitse), mean across. Läpi means literally a hole.
a. Läpi is either a postposition with the genitive, or a preposition with the same case. Kuula meni ikkunan läpi, the bullet came through the window. Aurinko paistaa läpi ikkunan, the sun shines through the window. Katosi läpi käsien, it fell through his hands and was lost.