The instances of this change fall under three categories:
(1) Partitive cases of nouns and adjectives: aikoa for aikaa, ilmoa for ilmaa, luutoa for luutaa, päiveä for päivää, tereä for terää.
(2) The first infinitive of verbs: ajoa for ajaa, eleä for elää, lenteä for lentää, piteä for pitää.
(3) Contracted verbs of class 3: arvoan for arvaan, lupoan for lupaan, lepeämättä for lepäämättä.
VI. The plural (except the nom.) is sometimes formed with the suffix -loi, before the case suffix. This form is used chiefly in words ending in o, ö, u, y, i, and e; e.g. rekilöitä, ristilöitä, lukkoloita, mahtiloita.
VII. The style of the Kalevala is characterized by the frequent use of derivative forms from nouns ending in o, nen (or onen), yt (or ut), and kainen. These forms have a diminutive or endearing significance. They are mostly quite incapable of translation into English, but correspond to the Russian diminutives. E.g. from emä are formed emo, emonen, and emyt; from isä, iso, isonen, and isyt; from kaunis, kauno, kaunokainen or kaunukainen; from kesä, kesonen and kesyt; from meri, meronen and meryt; from neiti, neitinen, neito, neitonen, neiyt, and neityinen; from puu, puuhut; from päivä, päivönen and päivyt; from veli, velo, vello, veljyt, veijo, veito, veitonen, veikko, and veikkonen.
We also find a great quantity of derivative verbs ending in ella, skella, ahta, alta, etc., in which the exact force of the syllable added is often obscure.
VIII. In verbs the 3rd person sing. of the present is formed with the suffix vi, a weakening of the original pi used in monosyllables. E.g. tekevi, ajattelevi, sanovi, ajavi, kaatelevi. But in monosyllables pi is always used, uipi, saapi.
IX. Some verbal stems ending in a or ä reject this vowel before t, k, n, and are conjugated as if they belonged to the third class. Thus löytää forms the past participle löynnyt for löytänyt: tietää forms concessive tiennen and past part. tiennyt. So seista, seiskaamme, seissut from seiso.
X. In the formation of the passive many verbs ending in ta, tä reject this syllable and also the consonant n, if it precedes. Löytää makes the passive stem löyttä instead of löydettä: rakentaa, raketta for rakennetta: kuumentaa, kuumetta for kuumennetta.