Abergele, accident at, [72].
Accidents, railroad, about stations, [166].
at highway crossings, [165].
level railroad crossings, [94], [165], [245], [258].
aggravated by English car construction and stoves, [14], [41], [106], [255].
comments on early, [9].
damages paid for certain, [267].
due to bridges, [99], [206], [266].
broken tracks, [166].
car couplings, [117].
collisions, [265].
derailments, [13], [16], [23], [54], [79], [84].
in Great Britain, [266].
America, [266].
draw-bridges, [82], [266].
fire in train, [31].
oil-tanks, [72].
oscillation, [50].
telegraph, [66].
telescoping, [43].
want of bell-cords, [32].
brake power, [12], [119].
increased safety resulting from, [2], [29], [155], [205].
precautions against early, [10].
statistics of, in America, [263].
Belgium, [260].
France, [260].
Great Britain, [236], [252], [257], [263].
Massachusetts, [232]-60.
general, [228]-70.
List of Accidents specially described or referred to:—
Abergele, August 20, 1868, [72].
Angola, December 18, 1867, [12].
Ashtabula, December 29, 1876, [100].
Brainerd, July 27, 1875, [108].
Brimfield, October, 1874, [56].
Bristol, March 7, 1865, [150].
Carr's Rock, April 14, [120].
Camphill, July 17, 1856, [61].
Charlestown Bridge, November 21, 1862, [95].
Claypole, June 21, 1870, [85].
Communipaw Ferry, November 11, 1876, [207].
Croydon Tunnel, August 25, 1861, [146].
Des Jardines Canal, March 12, 1857, [112].
Foxboro, July 15, 1872, [53].
Franklin Street, New York city, June, 1879, [207].
Gasconade River, November 1, 1855, [108].
On Great Western Railway of Canada, October, 1856, [55].
On Great Western Railway of England, December 24, 1841, [43].
Heeley, November 22, 1876, [209].
Helmshire, September 4, 1860, [121].
On Housatonic Railroad, August 16, 1865, [151].
Huskisson, William, death of, September 15, 1830, [5].
Lackawaxen, July 15, 1864, [63].
Morpeth, March 25, 1877, [209].
New Hamburg, February 6, 1871, [78].
Norwalk, May 6, 1853, [89].
Penruddock, September 2, 1870, [143].
Port Jervis, June 17, 1858, [118].
Prospect, N. Y., December 24, 1872, [106].
Rainhill, December 23, 1832, [10].
Randolph, October 13, 1876, [24].
Revere, August 26, 1871, [125].
Richelieu River, June 29, 1864, [91].
Shipton, December 24, 1874, [16].
Shrewsbury River, August 9, 1877, [96].
Tariffville, January 15, 1878, [107].
Thorpe, September 10, 1874, [66].
Tyrone, April 4, 1875, [69].
Versailles, May 8, 1842, [58].
Welwyn Tunnel, June 10, 1866, [149].
Wemyss Bay Junction, December 14, 1878, [212].
Wollaston, October 8, 1878, [20].
American railroad accidents, statistics of, [97], [260]-6.
locomotive engineers, intelligence of, [159].
method of handling traffic, extravagance of, [183].
Angola, accident at, [12], [201], [218].
Ashtabula, accident at, [100], [267].
Assaults in English railroad carriages, [33], [35], [38].
Automatic electric block, [159],
reliability of, [168],
objections to, [174].
train-brake, essentials of, [219].
necessity for, [202], [237].
Bell-cord, need of any, questioned, [29].
accidents from want of, [31].
assaults, etc., in absence of, [32]-41.
Belœil, Canada, accident at, [92].
Block system, American, [165].
automatic electric, [159].
objections to, [174].
cost of English, [165].
English, why adopted, [162].
accident in spite of, [145].
ignorance of, in America, [160].
importance of, [145].
Boston, passenger travel to and from, [183].
possible future station in, [198].
some vital statistics of, [241], [249].
Boston & Albany railroad, accident on, [56].
Boston station of, [183].
Boston & Maine railroad, accident on, [96].
Boston & Providence railroad, accident on, [53].
Boston station of, [183].
Brainerd, accident at, [108].
Brakes, original and improved, [200].
the battle of the, [216].
true simplicity in, [228].
Inefficiency of hand, [201], [204].
emergency, [202].
necessity of automatic, continuous, [202], [227].
See Train-brake.
Bridge accidents, [98], [266].
Bridges, insufficient safeguards at, [98].
protection of, [111].
Bridge-guards, destroyed by brakemen, [244].
Bristol, accident at, [150].
Brougham, Lord, comments on death of Mr. Huskisson, [7], [270].
Buffalo, Correy & Pittsburg railroad, accident on, [106].
Burlington & Missouri River railroad, accident on, [70].
Butler, B. F., on Revere accident, [142].
Calcoft, Mr., extract from reports of, [196], [255].
Caledonian railway, accident on, return of brake stoppages by, [211].
Camden & Amboy railroad, accident on, [151].
Car construction, American and English, [255].
Carr's Rock, accident at, [120].
Central Railroad of New Jersey, accident on, [96].
Charlestown bridge, accident on, [95].
Claypole accident, [83].
Collisions, head, [61]-2.
in America, [265].
Great Britain, [265].
occasioned by use of telegraph, [66].
rear-end, [144]-52.
Communipaw Ferry, accident at, [207].
Cannon Street Station in London, traffic at, [163], [183], [194].
Connecticut law respecting swing draw-bridges, [82], [94], [195].
Connecticut Western railroad, accident on, [107].
Conservatism, British railroad, [29].
American railroad, [41], [52], [65], [161], [205].
Coupling, accidents due to, [117].
the original, [49].
Crossings, level, of railways, accidents at, [165].
need of interlocking apparatus at, [195].
stopping trains at, [95], [195].
Croydon Tunnel collision, [146].
Deodand, [43].
Derailments, accidents from, [13], [16], [23], [54], [79], [84].
statistics of, [265].
Des Jardines Canal accident, [112].
Draw-bridge accidents, [82], [97], [114].
stopping as a safeguard against, [95].
need of interlocking apparatus at, [195].
Eames vacuum brake, [208].
Eastern railroad, accident on, [125].
Economy, cost of a small, [174].
at risk of accident, [268].
Employés railroad, casualties to, [243].
Engineering, on American inventions, [221].
English railways, train movement on, [162], [194].
Erie railroad, accidents on, [63], [118], [120].
France, statistics of accidents in, [259].
panic produced in, by Versailles accident, [60].
Franklin Street, New York city, accident at, [207].
Galt, William, report by, on accidents, [268].
Gasconade river accident, [108].
Germany, railroad accidents in, [261].
Grand Trunk railway, accident on, [91].
Great Eastern railway, accident on, [66].
Great Northern railway, accidents on, [84], [149].
Great Western railway, accidents on, [16], [43], [112].
of Canada, accidents on, [31], [112].
Hall's system of electric signals, [168].
Harrison, T. E., extract from letter of, [210].
Heeley, accident at, [209].
Helm shire accident, [121].
Highway crossings at level, accidents at, [165], [170], [244], [258].
interlocking at, [195].
Housatonic railroad, accident on, [151].
Hudson River railroad, accident on, [78].
Huskisson, William, death of, [3], [200].
Inclines, accidents upon, [74], [110], [121].
Interlocking, chapter relating to, [182].
at draw-bridges, [97], [195].
level crossings, [195].
practical simplicity of, [189].
use made of in England, [192].
Investigation of accidents, no systematic, in America, [86].
English, [85].
Lake Shore railroad, accident on, [11].
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railroad, accident on, [100].
Lancashire & Yorkshire railroad, accident on, [121].
Legislation against accidents, futility of, [94], [109].
as regards use of telegraphs, [64].
interlocking at draws, [97].
level crossings, [97].
London passenger traffic, [162], [183].
London & Brighton railway, accident on, [145].
London & North Western railway, assaults on, [32], [38].
accidents on, [72], [143].
train brake used by, [222].
Manchester & Liverpool railway, accidents on, [10], [11], [45].
opening of, [3].
Massachusetts, statistics of accidents in, [156], [232]-60.
train-brakes in use in, [157], [214].
Metropolitan Elevated railroad, accident on, [207].
interlocking apparatus used by, [196].
Midland railway, accident on, [209].
protests against interlocking, [192].
Miller's Platform and Buffer, chapter on, [49]-57.
accidents avoided by, [19], [53], [56], [70].
in Massachusetts, [157].
Mohawk Valley railroad, pioneer train on, [48].
Morpeth, accident at, [209].
Murders, number of, compared with the killed by railroad accidents, [242].
New York City, passenger travel of, [184].
New York, Providence & Boston railroad, accident on, [106].
New York & New Haven railroad, accident on, [89].
Newark, brake trials at, in 1874, [217].
North Eastern railway, accident in, [209].
brake trials on, [218].
returns of brake-stoppages by, [211].
Northern Pacific railroad, accident on, [108].
Norwalk accident, [89].
Oil-tank accidents, [72], [150].
Old Colony railroad accidents on, [20], [24], [174].
Oscillation, accidents occasioned by, [50].
Pacific railroad of Missouri, accident on, [108].
Pennsylvania railroad, ballasting of, [248].
English block in use on, [164].
Penruddock, accident at, [143].
Phillips, Wendell, on Revere accident, [141].
Port Jervis accident, [118], [202], [218].
Quarterly Review of 1835, article in, [199], [269].
Railroad Gazette, records of accidents kept by, [261].
Rear-end collisions in America, [144], [151].
Europe, [143].
necessity of protection against, [159].
Revere accident, [125], [172].
improvements caused by, [153].
lessons taught by, [159].
meeting in consequence of, [161], [205].
Richelieu River, accident at, [92].
Shipton accident, [16], [216].
Shrewsbury River draw, accident at, [96].
Smith's vacuum brake, [208], [220], [226].
popularity of in Great Britain, [220], [226].
compared with Westinghouse, [218], [227].
Statistics of railroad accidents, [230]-70.
Stopping trains, an insufficient safeguard at draw-bridges and level crossings, [94], [97], [195].
Stage-coach travelling, accidents in, [231].
Stoves in case of accidents, [15], [41], [106].
Suicides on railroads, [246].
Tariffville accident, [107].
Telegraph, accidents occasioned by use of, [66].
use of, should be made compulsory, [64].
Telegraphic signals, chapter on, [159].
Telescoping, accidents from, [43].
Thorpe, collision at, [67], [172].
Train-brake, chapters on, [199], [216].
Board of Trade specifications relating to, [219].
doubts concerning, [28].
failures of, to work, in Great Britain, [211].
introduced on English roads, [29], [216].
kinds of, used in Massachusetts, [157], [214].
Sir Henry Tyler on, [222], [228].
want of, occasioned Shipton accident, [19], [216].
Trespassers on railroads, accidents to, [245].
means of preventing, [245], [258].
Tunnels, collisions in, [146], [149].
Tyler, Captain H. W., investigated Claypole accident, [85].
on Penruddock accident, [143].
train-brakes, [222], [228].
extracts from reports by, [192], [194], [228].
Union Safety Signal Company, [168].
United States, accidents in, [261].
no investigation of, [86].
Vermont & Massachusetts railroad, accident on, [112].
Versailles, the, accident of 1842, [58].
Wellington, Duke of, at Manchester & Liverpool opening, [3].
Welwyn Tunnel, accident in, [149].
Wemyss Bay Junction, accident at, [212].
Westinghouse brake, chapter on, [199].
accidents avoided by, [19], [209].
in Newark, experiments, [217].
objections urged against, [176].
stoppages by, occasioned by triple valve, [211].
use of, in Great Britain, [226].
Massachusetts, [157], [214].
Wollaston accident, [18], [20], [155], [172], [227].

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The bell-cord in America, notwithstanding the theoretical objections which have been urged to its adoption in other countries, has proved such a simple and perfect protection against dangers from inability to communicate between portions of trains that accidents from this cause do not enter into the consideration of American railroad managers. Yet they do, now and again, occur. For instance, on February 28, 1874, a passenger coach in a west-bound accommodation train of the Great Western railroad of Canada took fire from the falling of a lamp in the closet at its forward end. The bell-cord was for some reason not connected with the locomotive, and the train ran two miles before it could be stopped. The coach in question was entirely destroyed and eight passengers were either burned or suffocated, while no less than thirteen others sustained injuries in jumping from the train.

[2] "Deodand. By this is meant whatever personal chattel is the immediate occasion of the death of any reasonable creature: which is forfeited to the king, to be applied to pious uses, and distributed in alms by his high almoner; though formerly destined to a more superstitious purpose. * * * Wherever the thing is in motion, not only that part which immediately gives the wounds (as the wheel which runs over his body,) but all things which move with it and help to make the wound more dangerous, (as the cart and loading, which increase the pressure of the wheel) are forfeited."—Blackstone, Book I, Chap. 8, XVI.

[3] Ante pp. 18-19.

[4] Railroads: their Origin and Problems, p. 49.

[5] A collision very similar to that at Camphill occurred upon the Erie railway at a point about 20 miles west of Port Jervis on the afternoon of July 15, 1864. The train in this case consisted of eighteen cars, in which were some 850 Confederate soldiers on their way under guard to the prisoner's camp at Elmira. A coal train consisting of 50 loaded cars from the hanch took the main line at Lackawaxen. The telegraph operator there informed its conductor that the track was clear, and, while rounding a sharp reversed curve, the two trains came together, the one going at about twelve and the other at some twenty miles an hour. Some 60 of the soldiers, besides a number of train hands were killed on the spot, and 120 more were seriously injured, some of them fatally.

This disaster occurred in the midst of some of the most important operations of the Rebellion and excited at the time hardly any notice. There was a suggestive military promptness in the subsequent proceedings. "T. J. Ridgeway, Esq., Associate Judge of Pike County, was soon on the spot, and, after consultation with Mr. Riddle [the superintendent of the Erie road] and the officer in command of the men, a jury was impanneled and an inquest held; after which a large trench was dug by the soldiers and the railway employés, 76 feet long, 8 feet wide and 6 feet deep, in which the bodies were at once interred in boxes, hastily constructed—one being allotted to four rebels, and one to each Union soldier." There were sixteen of the latter killed.

[6] Chapter XIV, XVI.